root{}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 300;
font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 300;
font-style: italic;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 400;
font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-RegularItalic.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-RegularItalic.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-RegularItalic.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 400;
font-style: italic;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 500;
font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 500;
font-style: italic;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Semibold.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Semibold.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Semibold.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 600;
font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-SemiboldItalic.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-SemiboldItalic.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-SemiboldItalic.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 600;
font-style: italic;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 700;
font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 700;
font-style: italic;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 900;
font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BlackItalic.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BlackItalic.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BlackItalic.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 900;
font-style: italic;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Titlepiece;
src: url(https://interactive.guim.co.uk/fonts/garnett/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://interactive.guim.co.uk/fonts/garnett/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://interactive.guim.co.uk/fonts/garnett/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 700;
font-style: normal;
}
.furniture-wrapper {
display: grid;
grid-area: header;
height: 100vh;
width: 100vw;
overflow: clip;
position: relative;
background-color: #121212;
margin-bottom: 20px;
margin-left: -10px;
padding: 0;
}
@media (min-width: 30em) {
.furniture-wrapper {
margin-left: -20px;
}
}
@media (min-width: 46.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper {
margin-left: calc((100vw – 740px – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px)) / 2 * -1 – 21px);
}
}
@media (min-width: 61.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper {
margin-left: calc((100vw – 980px – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px)) / 2 * -1 – 21px);
}
}
@media (min-width: 71.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper {
margin-left: calc((100vw – 1140px – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px)) / 2 * -1 – 21px);
}
}
@media (min-width: 81.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper {
margin-left: calc((100vw – 1300px – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px)) / 2 * -1 – 21px);
}
}
@media (min-width: 46.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper {
padding: 0 calc((100vw – 740px – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px)) / 2);
}
}
@media (min-width: 61.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper {
padding: 0 calc((100vw – 980px – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px)) / 2);
}
}
@media (min-width: 71.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper {
padding: 0 calc((100vw – 1140px – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px)) / 2);
}
}
@media (min-width: 81.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper {
padding: 0 calc((100vw – 1300px – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px)) / 2);
}
}
@media (min-width: 46.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper {
height: 90vh;
}
.furniture-wrapper:before {
display: block;
content: “”;
position: absolute;
width: 1px;
height: 100%;
left: calc((100vw – 740px – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px)) / 2);
background-color: #333;
z-index: 2;
}
.furniture-wrapper:after {
display: block;
content: “”;
position: absolute;
width: 1px;
height: 100%;
top: 0;
right: calc((100vw – 740px – var(–scrollbar-width-positive, 0px)) / 2);
background-color: #333;
z-index: 2;
}
}
@media (min-width: 61.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper {
margin-bottom: 30px;
}
.furniture-wrapper:before {
left: calc((100vw – 980px – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px)) / 2);
}
.furniture-wrapper:after {
right: calc((100vw – 980px – var(–scrollbar-width-positive, 0px)) / 2);
}
}@media (min-width: 61.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper:before {
left: calc((100vw – 980px – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px)) / 2)
}
.furniture-wrapper:after {
right: calc((100vw – 980px – var(–scrollbar-width-positive, 0px)) / 2)
}
}
@media (min-width: 71.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper:before {
left: calc((100vw – 1140px – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px)) / 2)
}
.furniture-wrapper:after {
right: calc((100vw – 1140px – var(–scrollbar-width-positive, 0px)) / 2)
}
}
@media (min-width: 81.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper:before {
left: calc((100vw – 1300px – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px)) / 2)
}
.furniture-wrapper:after {
right: calc((100vw – 1300px – var(–scrollbar-width-positive, 0px)) / 2)
}
}
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media] {
position: sticky;
top: 0;
left: 0;
height: 100vh;
width: 100vw;
opacity: 1;
overflow: hidden;
transition: opacity .5s ease;
z-index: 1
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media] {
opacity: .65
}
}
@media (min-width: 46.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media] {
height: 90vh;
width: 740px
}
}
@media (min-width: 61.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media] {
width: 980px
}
}
@media (min-width: 71.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media] {
width: 1140px
}
}
@media (min-width: 81.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media] {
width: 1300px
}
}
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media].animate {
opacity: .65
}
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media].animate .gv-main-image {
scale: 1.07
}
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media] figure {
display: none
}
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media] .gv-main-image {
height: 100vh;
width: 100vw;
max-width: unset;
background-position: center;
background-size: cover;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
overflow: hidden;
scale: 1;
transition: scale .5s ease
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media] .gv-main-image {
scale: 1.07
}
}
@media (min-width: 46.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media] .gv-main-image {
height: 90vh;
width: 740px
}
}
@media (min-width: 61.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media] .gv-main-image {
width: 980px
}
}
@media (min-width: 71.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media] .gv-main-image {
width: 1140px
}
}
@media (min-width: 81.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media] .gv-main-image {
width: 1300px
}
}
.furniture-wrapper .text-container {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
height: 100vh;
z-index: 1;
padding: 0;
display: flex;
align-items: flex-end;
min-height: 410px;
z-index: 3
}
@media (min-width: 46.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper .text-container {
padding: 0 calc((100vw – 740px – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px)) / 2)
}
}
@media (min-width: 61.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper .text-container {
padding: 0 calc((100vw – 980px – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px)) / 2)
}
}
@media (min-width: 71.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper .text-container {
padding: 0 calc((100vw – 1140px – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px)) / 2)
}
}
@media (min-width: 81.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper .text-container {
padding: 0 calc((100vw – 1300px – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px)) / 2)
}
}
@media (min-width: 46.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper .text-container {
height: 90vh
}
}
@media (min-width: 71.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper .text-container {
padding: 0 calc((100vw – 800px – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px)) / 2)
}
}
.furniture-wrapper .text-wrapper {
background-color: transparent;
width: 100vw;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: end;
padding: 60px 10px 120px;
margin-bottom: -40px;
opacity: 0;
transform: translateY(30%);
transition: opacity .5s ease, transform .5s ease;
-webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, transparent 0%, black 15%, black 75%, transparent 85%);
mask-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, transparent 0%, black 15%, black 75%, transparent 85%);
-webkit-mask-composite: source-in, xor;
mask-composite: intersect;
-webkit-mask-repeat: no-repeat;
mask-repeat: no-repeat;
-webkit-mask-size: cover;
mask-size: cover;
backdrop-filter: blur(5px) brightness(.85)
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
.furniture-wrapper .text-wrapper {
opacity: 1;
transform: translateY(0)
}
}
@media (min-width: 46.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper .text-wrapper {
-webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, transparent 0%, black 15%, black 85%, transparent 100%), linear-gradient(to bottom, transparent 0%, black 15%, black 85%, transparent 100%);
mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, transparent 0%, black 15%, black 85%, transparent 100%), linear-gradient(to bottom, transparent 0%, black 15%, black 85%, transparent 100%);
padding: 15% 15% 80px;
margin-left: -88px;
margin-bottom: 0;
width: 8
}
}For screens wider than 61.25em, the text wrapper within the furniture wrapper has a left margin of -100px and a width of 900px.
For screens wider than 71.25em, the text wrapper’s left margin is set to -15%.
The text wrapper with the class ‘animate’ becomes fully visible and moves to its original vertical position.
Within the text wrapper, the headline (h1) and standfirst (p) text are white, use specific fonts, have a tight line height, and feature a text shadow for readability. A blurred, semi-transparent dark background is added behind this text for contrast.
The headline is relatively sized and has medium font weight. The standfirst text is smaller and has a lighter font weight, with some space above it. On larger screens (over 46.25em), both the headline and standfirst text increase in size.
The figure caption is styled with a dark background and light gray text. It’s positioned at the bottom right. On larger screens, its maximum width is set, and its right position is calculated based on the viewport width and a scrollbar offset.
Elements with the name ‘title’ fit their content and have a left margin. Links inside them are white with a shadow. On medium screens, the left margin increases.
For very wide screens (over 71.25em and 81.25em), elements named ‘lines’ and ‘meta’ are positioned absolutely with specific widths.
An active caption button gets a white inset shadow.
In the main interactive content column, the first atom element has no padding.
For interactive grid content, the first letter of the first paragraph after certain figures is styled as a large drop cap.
When scripting is enabled, the main interactive content and header elements start invisible and fade in once the interactive content is loaded.
The main content area has no top margin.
Pullquotes within the body have a maximum width.
On very wide screens, showcase figures in the body have a negative left margin for layout.
A specific navigation divider’s pseudo-element is hidden.
A final comment mentions a Sass mixin is provided with a pre-filled Guardian breakpoint.Guardian breakpoints allow you to use media queries like `@include mq(leftCol) …`.
These breakpoints are:
– desktop: 61.25em
– leftCol: 71.25em
– mobile: 20em
– mobileLandscape: 30em
– mobileMedium: 23.4375em
– phablet: 41.25em
– tablet: 46.25em
– wide: 81.25em
This file is auto-generated by src/source/generate/breakpoints.js.
This file is auto-generated by src/source/generate/typography.js.
Data font stack.
Serif font stack.
Headline font stack.
Sans serif text font stack.
Sans serif headline font stack.
Default font scale settings. See font-scale.html and font-scale.png for visual examples.
Retrieve all levels of a font scale.
@param {String} $name – The name of the font scale matrix (e.g., headline)
@param {Map} $font-scale ($font-scale)
Example:
font-size: get-scale(header);
Requires: $font-scale variable
Returns: Map
Retrieve information for a specific level of a font scale.
@param {String} $name – The name of the font scale in the matrix (e.g., headline)
@param {Number} $level – The level in the matrix
@param {Map} $font-scale ($font-scale)
Example:
font-size: get-scale-level(header, 1);
Requires: $font-scale variable, get-scale function
Returns: Map
Get a font size for a level in the font scale matrix.
@param {String} $name – The name of the font scale in the matrix (e.g., headline)
@param {Number} $level – The level in the matrix
@param {Map} $font-scale – Configuration
Example:
font-size: get-font-size(header, 3);
Requires: $font-scale variable, convert-to-px function, get-scale-level function
Returns: Number
Get a line height for a level in the font scale matrix.
@param {String} $name – The name of the font scale in the matrix (e.g., headline)
@param {Number} $level – The level in the matrix
@param {Map} $font-scale – Configuration
Example:
font-size: get-line-height(header, 3);
Requires: $font-scale variable, convert-to-px function, get-scale-level function
Returns: Number
Convert any value to pixels.
@param {Number} $value
Example:
font-size: convert-to-px(14); // 14px
Returns: Number
Default typography settings to include early in the HTML:
1. Make type rendering crisper.
2. Set relative line spacing to 1.5 (16px * 1.5 = 24px).
@param {String} $font-family ($f-serif-text) – Default global font
Requires: $f-serif-text variable
Font size and line height shorthand.
@param {Number} $size
@param {Number} $line-height ($size)
Example:
@include font-size(18, 24);
Requires: convert-to-px function
Font styling shorthand.
Note: Prefer using font-scale mixins to adhere to the font scale.
@param {String} $family
@param {String} $weight
@param {Number} $size
@param {Number} $line-height ($size)
Example:
@include font(arial, bold, 18, 24);
Requires: font-size mixin
Header family and weight properties.
Requires: $f-serif-headline variable
Header typography settings.
@param {Number} $level
@param {Boolean} $size-only
Example:
// Output all properties (font-size, line-height, family, weight)
@include fs-header(3);
// Output font-size and line-height only
@include fs-header(3, $size-only: true);
Requires: get-font-size function, get-line-height function, font-size mixinixin} f-header
*
* @group typography
*/
/
* Headline font family and weight settings.
*
* @requires {variable} $f-serif-headline
*
* @group typography
*/
/
* Headline typography settings.
*
* @param {Number} $level
* @param {Boolean} $size-only
*
* @example
* // Output all properties (font-size, line-height, family, weight)
* @include fs-headline(3);
*
* // Output font-size and line-height only
* @include fs-headline(3, $size-only: true);
*
* @requires {function} get-font-size
* @requires {function} get-line-height
* @requires {mixin} font-size
* @requires {mixin} f-headline
*
* @group typography
*/
/
* Body Heading font family and weight settings.
*
* @requires {variable} $f-serif-text
*
* @group typography
*/
/
* Body Heading typography settings.
*
* @param {Number} $level
* @param {Boolean} $size-only
*
* @example
* // Output all properties (font-size, line-height, family, weight)
* @include fs-bodyHeading(3);
*
* // Output font-size and line-height only
* @include fs-bodyHeading(3, $size-only: true);
*
* @requires {function} get-font-size
* @requires {function} get-line-height
* @requires {mixin} font-size
* @requires {mixin} f-bodyHeading
*
* @group typography
*/
/
* Body Copy font family settings.
*
* @requires {variable} $f-serif-text
*
* @group typography
*/
/
* Body Copy typography settings.
*
* @param {Number} $level
* @param {Boolean} $size-only
*
* @example
* // Output all properties (font-size, line-height, family)
* @include fs-bodyCopy(3);
*
* // Output font-size and line-height only
* @include fs-bodyCopy(3, $size-only: true);
*
* @requires {function} get-font-size
* @requires {function} get-line-height
* @requires {mixin} font-size
* @requires {mixin} f-bodyCopy
*
* @group typography
*/
/
* Data font family settings.
*
* @requires {variable} $f-data
*
* @group typography
*/
/
* Data typography settings.
*
* @param {Number} $level
* @param {Boolean} $size-only
*
* @example
* // Output all properties (font-size, line-height, family)
* @include fs-data(3);
*
* // Output font-size and line-height only
* @include fs-data(3, $size-only: true);
*
* @requires {function} get-font-size
* @requires {function} get-line-height
* @requires {mixin} font-size
* @requires {mixin} f-data
*
* @group typography
*/
/
* Text Sans font family settings.
*
* @requires {variable} $f-sans-serif-text
*
* @group typography
*/
/
* Text Sans typography settings.
*
* @param {Number} $level
* @param {Boolean} $size-only
*
* @example
* // Output all properties (font-size, line-height, family)
* @include fs-textSans(3);
*
* // Output font-size and line-height only
* @include fs-textSans(3, $size-only: true);
*
* @requires {function} get-font-size
* @requires {function} get-line-height
* @requires {mixin} font-size
* @requires {mixin} f-textSans
*
* @group typography
*/
/
* Headline Sans font family settings.
* This is not currently part of our font scale system,
* so there’s no `fs-` mixin for it. It’s only used as a
* fallback font in a few places.
*
* @requires {variable} $f-sans-serif-headline
*
* @group typography
*/
@font-face {
font-family: “Guardian Headline Full”;
src: url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff2”) format(“woff2”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff”) format(“woff”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.ttf”) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 300;
font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
font-family: “Guardian Headline Full”;
src: url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff2”) format(“woff2”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff”) format(“woff”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.ttf”) format(“truetype”);@font-face {
font-family: “Guardian Headline Full”;
src: url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.ttf”) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 300;
font-style: italic;
}
@font-face {
font-family: “Guardian Headline Full”;
src: url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.woff2”) format(“woff2”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.woff”) format(“woff”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.ttf”) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 400;
font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
font-family: “Guardian Headline Full”;
src: url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-RegularItalic.woff2”) format(“woff2”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-RegularItalic.woff”) format(“woff”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-RegularItalic.ttf”) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 400;
font-style: italic;
}
@font-face {
font-family: “Guardian Headline Full”;
src: url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff2”) format(“woff2”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff”) format(“woff”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.ttf”) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 500;
font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
font-family: “Guardian Headline Full”;
src: url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff2”) format(“woff2”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff”) format(“woff”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.ttf”) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 500;
font-style: italic;
}
@font-face {
font-family: “Guardian Headline Full”;
src: url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Semibold.woff2”) format(“woff2”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Semibold.woff”) format(“woff”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Semibold.ttf”) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 600;
font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
font-family: “Guardian Headline Full”;
src: url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-SemiboldItalic.woff2”) format(“woff2”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-SemiboldItalic.woff”) format(“woff”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-SemiboldItalic.ttf”) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 600;
font-style: italic;
}
@font-face {
font-family: “Guardian Headline Full”;
src: url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff2”) format(“woff2”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff”) format(“woff”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.ttf”) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 700;
font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
font-family: “Guardian Headline Full”;
src: url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.woff2”) format(“woff2”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.woff”) format(“woff”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.ttf”) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 700;
font-style: italic;
}@font-face {
font-family: “Guardian Headline Full”;
src: url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.ttf”) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 700;
font-style: italic;
}
@font-face {
font-family: “Guardian Headline Full”;
src: url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.woff2”) format(“woff2”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.woff”) format(“woff”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.ttf”) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 900;
font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
font-family: “Guardian Headline Full”;
src: url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BlackItalic.woff2”) format(“woff2”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BlackItalic.woff”) format(“woff”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/full-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BlackItalic.ttf”) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 900;
font-style: italic;
}
@font-face {
font-family: “Guardian Titlepiece”;
src: url(“https://interactive.guim.co.uk/fonts/garnett/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.woff2”) format(“woff2”),
url(“https://interactive.guim.co.uk/fonts/garnett/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.woff”) format(“woff”),
url(“https://interactive.guim.co.uk/fonts/garnett/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.ttf”) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 700;
font-style: normal;
}
/*
* Provides sass-mq’s `mq` mixin with pre-filled Guardian breakpoints, so you can do (e.g.)
*
* `@include mq(leftCol) …`
*
* These breakpoints are:
* – desktop: 61.25em
* – leftCol: 71.25em
* – mobile: 20em
* – mobileLandscape: 30em
* – mobileMedium: 23.4375em
* – phablet: 41.25em
* – tablet: 46.25em
* – wide: 81.25em
*/
/*
* This file is auto-generated by src/source/generate/breakpoints.js
*/
/*
* This file is auto-generated by src/source/generate/typography.js
*/
#caption-button.svelte-1pgght4 {
display: block;
position: absolute;
height: 40px;
width: 40px;
bottom: 10px;
right: 10px;
z-index: 100;
background-color: rgba(18, 18, 18, 0.7215686275);
border: none;
border-radius: 50%;
padding: 6px 5px 5px;
}
@media (min-width: 46.25em) {
#caption-button.svelte-1pgght4 {
right: calc((100vw – 730px – var(–scrollbar-width-positive, 0px)) / 2);
}
}
@media (min-width: 61.25em) {
#caption-button.svelte-1pgght4 {
right: calc((100vw – 970px – var(–scrollbar-width-positive, 0px)) / 2);
}
}
@media (min-width: 71.25em) {
#caption-button.svelte-1pgght4 {
right: calc((100vw – 1130px – var(–scrollbar-width-positive, 0px)) / 2);
}
}
@media (min-width: 81.25em) {
#caption-button.svelte-1pgght4 {
right: calc((100vw – 1290px – var(–scrollbar-width-positive, 0px)) / 2);
}
}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 300;
font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 300;
font-style: italic;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 400;
font-style: normal;
}The Guardian Headline Full font family includes several styles, each available in multiple formats. The regular style has a font-weight of 400 and normal font-style, with files in WOFF2, WOFF, and TrueType formats. The italic version also has a weight of 400 but with an italic style. The medium style has a weight of 500 and comes in both normal and italic variations. Similarly, the semibold style has a weight of 600, and the bold style has a weight of 700, each offering normal and italic options. The black style, with the highest weight, is available in normal style only. All font files are hosted on the Guardian’s asset server.@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 900;
font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BlackItalic.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BlackItalic.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BlackItalic.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 900;
font-style: italic;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Titlepiece;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-titlepiece/noalts-not-hinted/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-titlepiece/noalts-not-hinted/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-titlepiece/noalts-not-hinted/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 700;
font-style: normal;
}
/
* Data font stack
*
* @group typography
*/
/
* Serif font stack
*
* @group typography
*/
/
* Headline font stack
*
* @group typography
*/
/
* Sans serif text font stack
*
* @group typography
*/
/
* Sans serif headline font stack
*
* @group typography
*/
/
* Default font scale settings
* See font-scale.html and font-scale.png for visual examples
*
* @group typography
*/
/
* Retrieve all levels of a font scale
*
* @param {String} $name – Name of the font scale matrix (e.g., headline)
* @param {Map} $font-scale ($font-scale)
*
* @example
* font-size: get-scale(header);
*
* @requires {variable} $font-scale
*
* @return {Map}
*
* @group typography
*/
/
* Retrieve information for a specific level of a font scale
*
* @param {String} $name – Name of the font scale in the matrix (e.g., headline)
* @param {Number} $level – Level in the matrix
* @param {Map} $font-scale ($font-scale)
*
* @example
* font-size: get-scale-level(header, 1);
*
* @requires {variable} $font-scale
* @requires {function} get-scale
*
* @return {Map}
*
* @group typography
*/
/
* Get a font size for a level in the font scale matrix
*
* @param {String} $name – Name of the font scale in the matrix (e.g., headline)
* @param {Number} $level – Level in the matrix
* @param {Map} $font-scale – Configuration
*
* @example
* font-size: get-font-size(header, 3);
*
* @requires {variable} $font-scale
* @requires {function} convert-to-px
* @requires {function} get-scale-level
*
* @return {Number}
*
* @group typography
*/
/
* Get a line height for a level in the font scale matrix
*
* @param {String} $name – Name of the font scale in the matrix (e.g., headline)
* @param {Number} $level – Level in the matrix
* @param {Map} $font-scale – Configuration
*
* @example
* font-size: get-line-height(header, 3);
*
* @requires {variable} $font-scale
* @requires {function} convert-to-px
* @requires {function} get-scale-level
*
* @return {Number}
*
* @group typography
*/
/
* Convert any value to pixels
*
* @param {Number} $value
*
* @example
* font-size: convert-to-px(14); // 14px
*
* @return {Number}
*
* @group typography
*/
/
* Default typography settings, to be included early in the HTML
* 1. Improve type rendering for crispness
2. Set relative line spacing to 1.5 (16px 1.5 = 24px)
*
* @param {String} $font-family ($f-serif-text) – Default global font
*
* @requires {variable} $f-serif-text
*
* @group typography
*/
/
* Font size and line height shorthand
*
* @param {Number} $size
* @param {Number} $line-height ($size)
*
* @example
* @include font-size(18, 24);
*
* @requires {function} convert-to-px
*
* @group typography
*/
/
* Font styling shorthand
* Note: Prefer using the font-scale mixins to adhere to the font scale
*
* @param {String} $family
* @param {String} $weight
* @param {Number} $size
*/The `font` mixin sets font family, weight, size, and line-height.
Parameters:
– `$family`: Font family
– `$weight`: Font weight
– `$size`: Font size
– `$line-height`: Line height (defaults to `$size`)
Example:
“`scss
@include font(arial, bold, 18, 24);
“`
Requires: `font-size` mixin
Group: Typography
—
The `f-header` mixin sets header font family and weight.
Requires: `$f-serif-headline` variable
Group: Typography
—
The `fs-header` mixin configures header typography.
Parameters:
– `$level`: Size level
– `$size-only`: If `true`, outputs only font-size and line-height (defaults to `false`)
Examples:
“`scss
// Output all properties: font-size, line-height, family, weight
@include fs-header(3);
// Output font-size and line-height only
@include fs-header(3, $size-only: true);
“`
Requires: `get-font-size`, `get-line-height` functions; `font-size`, `f-header` mixins
Group: Typography
—
The `f-headline` mixin sets headline font family and weight.
Requires: `$f-serif-headline` variable
Group: Typography
—
The `fs-headline` mixin configures headline typography.
Parameters:
– `$level`: Size level
– `$size-only`: If `true`, outputs only font-size and line-height (defaults to `false`)
Examples:
“`scss
// Output all properties: font-size, line-height, family, weight
@include fs-headline(3);
// Output font-size and line-height only
@include fs-headline(3, $size-only: true);
“`
Requires: `get-font-size`, `get-line-height` functions; `font-size`, `f-headline` mixins
Group: Typography
—
The `f-bodyHeading` mixin sets body heading font family and weight.
Requires: `$f-serif-text` variable
Group: Typography
—
The `fs-bodyHeading` mixin configures body heading typography.
Parameters:
– `$level`: Size level
– `$size-only`: If `true`, outputs only font-size and line-height (defaults to `false`)
Examples:
“`scss
// Output all properties: font-size, line-height, family, weight
@include fs-bodyHeading(3);
// Output font-size and line-height only
@include fs-bodyHeading(3, $size-only: true);
“`
Requires: `get-font-size`, `get-line-height` functions; `font-size`, `f-bodyHeading` mixins
Group: Typography
—
The `f-bodyCopy` mixin sets body copy font family.
Requires: `$f-serif-text` variable
Group: Typography
—
The `fs-bodyCopy` mixin configures body copy typography.
Parameters:
– `$level`: Size level
– `$size-only`: If `true`, outputs only font-size and line-height (defaults to `false`)
Examples:
“`scss
// Output all properties: font-size, line-height, family
@include fs-bodyCopy(3);
// Output font-size and line-height only
@include fs-bodyCopy(3, $size-only: true);
“`
Requires: `get-font-size`, `get-line-height` functions; `font-size`, `f-bodyCopy` mixins
Group: Typography
—
The `f-data` mixin sets data font family.
Requires: `$f-data` variable
Group: Typography
—
The `fs-data` mixin configures data typography.
Parameters:
– `$level`: Size level
– `$size-only`: If `true`, outputs only font-size and line-height (defaults to `false`)
Examples:
“`scss
// Output all properties: font-size, line-height, family
@include fs-data(3);
// Output font-size and line-height only
@include fs-data(3, $size-only: true);
“`
Requires: `get-font-size`, `get-line-height` functions; `font-size`, `f-data` mixins
Group: Typography
—
The `f-textSans` mixin sets sans-serif text font family.
Requires: `$f-sans-serif-text` variable
Group: Typography
—
The `fs-textSans` mixin configures sans-serif text typography.
Parameters:
– `$level`: Size level
– `$size-only`: If `true`, outputs only font-size and line-height (defaults to `false`)
Examples:
“`scss
// Output all properties: font-size, line-height, family
@include fs-textSans(3);
// Output font-size and line-height only
@include fs-textSans(3, $size-only: true);
“`
Requires: `get-font-size`, `get-line-height` functions; `font-size`, `f-textSans` mixins
Group: Typography
—
The `f-headlineSans` mixin sets sans-serif headline font family.
This is not currently integrated into the font scale matrix, so there is no corresponding `fs-` mixin. It is currently used as a replacement font in a few places.
Requires: `$f-sans-serif-headline` variable
Group: Typography
—
“`css
@font-face {
font-family: “Guardian Headline Full”;
src: url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardia”);
}
“`@font-face {
font-family: “Guardian Headline Full”;
src: url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff2”) format(“woff2”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff”) format(“woff”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.ttf”) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 300;
font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
font-family: “Guardian Headline Full”;
src: url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff2”) format(“woff2”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff”) format(“woff”),
url(“https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.ttf”) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 300;
font-style: italic;
}
@font-face {
font-family: “Guardian Headline Full”;
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More than 3,000 people are believed to have been killed across Iran so far, and the Pentagon says more than 15,000 targets in the country have been hit in the first two weeks. A girls’ school in the south-eastern Iranian city of Minab lies in rubble, with about 175 children and teachers killed in a strike that the US is believed to have carried out. The Strait of Hormuz, the narrow sea passage turned chokepoint for the Gulf’s oil and the world, is effectively closed.
And the bill, according to analysts at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, is growing by roughly half a billion dollars every day.
A week after American and Israeli forces began their assault on Iran and its repressive leadership, Pentagon officials told lawmakers in a closed-door briefing that the cost of the war had already exceeded $11.3 billion in its first six days.
But that figure is only part of the story: sources familiar with the content of the briefing told the Guardian the estimate appeared largely limited to munitions expenditures and not the full cost of the opening days of the conflict, which could include forces deployed to the region, medical expenses, and the replacement of military aircraft lost in combat.
By day six, CSIS put the cumulative cost at $12.7 billion. Today, it is likely to have exceeded $18 billion—and the meter is still running.
The White House, which was approached for comment, did not provide a cost estimate of their own. The Pentagon and Centcom (US Central Command), who were both approached for comment, both suggested the Guardian reach out to the other agency.
The opening hours of the war were domThe U.S. military used some of its most expensive weapons in the conflict with Iran. Long-range missiles, ballistic missile interceptors, and radar systems were used so quickly that stockpiles were significantly reduced. While the Pentagon has since shifted to cheaper, shorter-range weapons, the depletion of U.S. arsenal reserves has already occurred.
Using cost analysis from the Center for Strategic and International Studies, we examine where America’s war spending is going in a conflict that was never formally declared.
Infographic showing the cost of the first six days of the U.S. war in Iran.grey-05: #494949;
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A single Tomahawk missile costs about $3.5 million. Six days into the war in Iran, the U.S. had used over 300 Tomahawk missiles, according to estimates from the Center for Strategic and International Studies. The total cost: $1.2 billion.
Tomahawk missiles are far from the only munition used. U.S. officials stated that by the sixth day of the war, U.S. forces had struck over 2,500 targets. The estimated cost of the offensive strike munitions alone is $5.5 billion.
By March 3rd, Iran launched 2,500 drones and missiles in retaliation. Air defense cost an estimated $5.7 billion for interceptors like the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) system.
Adding in U.S. combat losses of $1.4 billion and operations costs of $27 million, the first six days of the war are estimated to have cost $12.7 billion.
Frequently Asked Questions
FAQs The 127 Billion Cost of the USIran Conflict
BeginnerLevel Questions
1 What is this 127 billion figure referring to
This figure is an estimate of the total financial cost to the US government during the first six days of heightened military conflict with Iran in early January 2020 following the US strike that killed Iranian General Qasem Soleimani
2 How was that enormous amount of money spent so quickly
The majority of the cost came from deploying and operating advanced military assets This includes flying strategic bombers halfway around the world positioning fighter jets and troops and the high expense of readying and moving naval carrier strike groups
3 Whats the single most expensive item in this breakdown
The deployment of a US Navy aircraft carrier strike group was likely the largest single cost driver Operating a carrier and its escort ships costs millions of dollars per day just in fuel crew salaries and routine operations not including the actual aircraft
4 Is this just the cost of weapons and missiles used
No actually A very small fraction of the 127 billion was for munitions actually fired The vast majority was the cost of posturing and preparednessmoving forces into place to deter further escalation
5 Where does this money come from
This spending comes from the US Department of Defenses budget which is funded by US taxpayers In cases of sudden conflict funds may be drawn from existing operational budgets or require Congress to approve supplemental emergency funding later
Advanced Detailed Questions
6 How do analysts calculate a cost like this
Analysts use known operational cost figures for military assets For example they apply the Pentagons calculated hourly flight cost for a B52 bomber or the daily steaming cost for a destroyer These numbers are based on fuel maintenance crew pay and depreciation of the equipment
7 What are indirect costs or hidden costs not shown in these charts
The 127 billion likely doesnt include
