What does ‘home’ mean today? A woman’s two-year journey to find safety in the rubble of Gaza.

This CSS code defines a custom font called “Guardian Headline Full” with multiple styles and weights. It includes light, regular, medium, and semibold versions, each in both normal and italic styles. The font files are provided in three formats—WOFF2, WOFF, and TrueType—and are hosted on the Guardian’s servers.@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 700;
font-style: normal;
}

div#maincontent:focus {
box-shadow: none !important;
}

.content__main-column–interactive .element-immersive {
position: relative;
width: calc(100vw – var(–scrollbar-width));
left: 50%;
right: 50%;
margin-left: calc(-50vw + var(–half-scrollbar-width)) !important;
margin-right: calc(-50vw + var(–half-scrollbar-width)) !important;
}

@media (min-width: 61.25em) {
.content__main-column–interactive .element-immersive {
margin-left: calc(-50vw + 180px + var(–half-scrollbar-width)) !important;
}
}

@media (min-width: 71.25em) {
.content__main-column–interactive .element-immersive {
margin-left: calc(-50vw + 80px + var(–half-scrollbar-width)) !important;
}
}

@media (min-width: 81.25em) {
.content__main-column–interactive .element-immersive {
margin-left: calc(-50vw + 45px + var(–half-scrollbar-width)) !important;
}
}

.content__main-column–interactive {
margin-left: 0;
}

@media (min-width: 71.25em) {
.content__main-column–interactive {
margin-left: 160px;
}
}

@media (min-width: 81.25em) {
.content__main-column–interactive {
margin-left: 240px;
}
}

.content__main-column–interactive:before {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
height: calc(100% + 15px);
min-height: 100px;
content: “”;
}

@media (min-width: 71.25em) {
.content__main-column–interactive:before {
border-left: 1px solid #dcdcdc;
z-index: -1;
left: -10px;
}
}

@media (min-width: 81.25em) {
.content__main-column–interactive:before {
left: -11px;
}
}

.content__main-column–interactive p,
.content__main-column–interactive h2 {
max-width: 620px;
}

.ios .element–immersive,
.android .element–immersive {
margin: 0 -12px;
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
.element-atom,
.interactive-atom {
background-color: transparent !important;
}
}

body > div:first-of-type > aside,
body > div:first-of-type > section {
display: none;
}

article.conteThe CSS code defines responsive layouts for an interactive article. On smaller screens, the content uses a single column. As the screen widens, it shifts to a two-column layout, then adds a sidebar and a left-hand border column for larger desktop views.

The headline has a dark background and adjusts its font size for different screens. The article header arranges elements like the headline, summary, and author byline in a grid. The main article body also uses a responsive grid system that changes its column structure at various breakpoints to accommodate different screen sizes.This CSS code defines styles for a webpage layout and typography. It sets up a border for an article column on larger screens and specifies custom font families, including Guardian Text Sans Web Medium and Guardian Headline Full, with various weights and styles. The code also includes color variables for light and dark modes, adjusts the layout for Android devices, and defines responsive grid styles for images. Additionally, it prevents text selection on canvas elements.@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 500;
font-style: normal;
}

@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Titlepiece;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-titlepiece/noalts-not-hinted/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-titlepiece/noalts-not-hinted/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-titlepiece/noalts-not-hinted/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 700;
font-style: normal;
}When 26-year-old Nour AbuShammala returned to her family’s apartment in Gaza City in October, the rooms were gutted, the walls were damaged by bombing, and there was no water or electricity—but it was still home.

Since the war began in October 2023, she has been forced to flee six times. This is her story of relentless displacement, survival, and loss, told through her own photos and videos, along with satellite imagery of a devastated Gaza.@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Semibold.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 600;
font-style: normal;
}

div#maincontent:focus {
box-shadow: none !important;
}

@media (min-width: 61.25em) {
.content__main-column–interactive .element-immersive {
margin-left: calc(-50vw + 180px + var(–half-scrollbar-width)) !important;
}
}

@media (min-width: 71.25em) {
.content__main-column–interactive .element-immersive {
margin-left: calc(-50vw + 80px + var(–half-scrollbar-width)) !important;
}
}

@media (min-width: 81.25em) {
.content__main-column–interactive .element-immersive {
margin-left: calc(-50vw + 45px + var(–half-scrollbar-width)) !important;
}
}

.content__main-column–interactive {
margin-left: 0;
}

@media (min-width: 71.25em) {
.content__main-column–interactive {
margin-left: 160px;
}
}When the screen width is at least 81.25em, the interactive main content column will have a left margin of 240px. A pseudo-element is placed before this column, positioned absolutely at the top, with a height calculated as 100% plus 15px and a minimum height of 100px.

For screens at least 71.25em wide, this pseudo-element features a light gray left border, is moved behind other content, and is positioned 10px to the left. On screens 81.25em or wider, this left offset increases to 11px.

Paragraphs and h2 elements within the interactive column have a maximum width of 620px. On iOS and Android, immersive elements have no horizontal margin.

In dark mode, atoms (interactive or element types) have a transparent background. The first child div of the body hides its aside and section elements. Interactive articles are set to hide overflow, and their last child div has no border. The main interactive column starts with no left margin.

The layout for interactive content uses a single-column grid by default, defining areas for title, headline, standfirst, byline, caption, lines, meta, and body. This changes on wider screens: at 61.25em, it becomes a two-column grid with a 300px second column and 20px gap, placing most elements in the first column. At 71.25em, it shifts to a four-column layout with a 1px border column, a 620px main content area, and a 300px column, arranging elements around the border and body areas. At 81.25em, the first column widens to 219px.

The title element is hidden and removed from the grid. The headline has a dark background, left padding, a left shift, a negative top margin, and a relative position. On medium screens and above, a pseudo-element extends the headline’s background color to the right. The headline text uses specific Guardian fonts, is white, bold, and increases in size on larger screens.

The article header is a single-column grid organizing media, headline, standfirst, byline, and caption. The main media occupies its area. The headline, with a dark background and negative top margin, sits in front of other content. The standfirst, positioned below, uses a lighter font weight. The byline area contains author information with specific styling, including red links that darken on hover. The caption area is reserved for meta information.

The article column layout is a single-column grid by default, placing all content in the “body” area. On very small screens, content may have left padding adjustments (the rule appears incomplete in the provided text).This appears to be a fragment of CSS code, likely from a website’s stylesheet. It contains media queries for responsive design, font face declarations, and various style rules for layout and visual elements. The code defines grid layouts for different screen sizes, custom font imports, and color scheme variables that adjust for dark mode preferences.@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 400;
font-style: normal;
}

@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 900;
font-style: normal;
}The text defines several custom fonts for a website. It specifies the Guardian Headline Full font in different weights and styles (like light, regular, and black, both normal and italic), providing multiple file formats (WOFF2, WOFF, and TTF) for each. It also defines the Guardian Titlepiece font in bold. Additionally, it includes CSS rules for styling elements with a class of “label,” setting their position, transitions, and text properties like font, size, and a white color with a shadow effect. The text alignment for these labels changes based on their positioning.The font “Guardian Headline Full” is available in several styles and weights, each with specific font files. The medium weight (500) comes in normal and italic styles, using WOFF2, WOFF, and TrueType formats. Similarly, the semibold weight (600) and bold weight (700) are provided in both normal and italic versions. The black weight (900) also includes normal and italic styles, all in the same file formats. Additionally, there is a font named “Guardian Titlepiece,” but its details are incomplete in the provided text.The font “GT Guardian Titlepiece Bold” is available in multiple formats: WOFF2, WOFF, and TrueType. It has a font weight of 700 and a normal font style. The map container with the class “svelte-e03ct8” is set to full width and height, with all pointer events enabled.

Additionally, the “Guardian Headline Full” font family includes several variations:
– Light (weight 300, normal style)
– Light Italic (weight 300, italic style)
– Regular (weight 400, normal style)
– Regular Italic (weight 400, italic style)
– Medium (weight 500, normal style)
– Medium Italic (weight 500, italic style)
– Semibold (weight 600, normal style)

Each variation is provided in WOFF2, WOFF, and TrueType formats.The font “Guardian Headline Full” is available in several styles. The light version (font-weight: 300, normal style) uses the files GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff2, .woff, and .ttf. The semibold italic version (font-weight: 600, italic style) uses GHGuardianHeadline-SemiboldItalic.woff2, .woff, and .ttf. The bold version (font-weight: 700, normal style) uses GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff2, .woff, and .ttf. The bold italic version (font-weight: 700, italic style) uses GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.woff2, .woff, and .ttf. The black version (font-weight: 900, normal style) uses GHGuardianHeadline-Black.woff2, .woff, and .ttf. The black italic version (font-weight: 900, italic style) uses GHGuardianHeadline-BlackItalic.woff2, .woff, and .ttf.

Additionally, the font “Guardian Titlepiece” in bold (font-weight: 700, normal style) uses the files GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.woff2, .woff, and .ttf.

A styled frame element has a full width, a dark background, and top/bottom padding. A blockquote within it uses the “Guardian Text Egyptian Web” font (with Georgia and serif fallbacks), is italicized, has a specific line height and color, and spans the full grid row. Its left and right padding changes at different screen widths: it has 20px padding on medium and large screens, 0px padding on screens wider than approximately 740px, and 10px padding on screens smaller than approximately 480px. Before the blockquote text, a yellow quote mark icon is displayed inline.@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 300;
font-style: italic;
}

div.svelte-1g5wu81 {
align-self: flex-start;
transition: opacity .3s ease-in-out;
}

.fade-in.svelte-1g5wu81 {
animation: svelte-1g5wu81-fadeIn .8s ease-out;
}

@keyframes svelte-1g5wu81-fadeIn {
0% { opacity: 0; }
50% { opacity: 0; }
100% { opacity: 1; }
}

line.svelte-1g5wu81 {
stroke-width: 1.5px;
}

line[data-minor].svelte-1g5wu81 {
stroke: var(–caption-text, #9a9a9a) !important;
}

line[data-major].svelte-1g5wu81 {
stroke: var(–gaza-family-text, #121212) !important;
}

text.svelte-1g5wu81 {
font-family: Guardian Text Sans Web, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif;
font-size: 16px;
font-weight: 700;
fill: var(–gaza-family-text, #121212);
}

text.date-subtitle.svelte-1g5wu81 {
font-size: 14px;
font-weight: 400;
transform: translateY(1.1em);
transition: fill .2s ease-in-out;
}

text.subtitle-highlight.svelte-1g5wu81 {
fill: var(–gaza-family-background, #fff);
font-weight: 700;
}

.highlight-background.svelte-1g5wu81 {
fill: var(–gaza-family-text, #121212);
}

.header.svelte-12nsyoy {
border-top: 4px solid var(–gaza-family-border);
background-color: var(–gaza-family-background);
height: 80px;
}

@media (max-width: 46.24em) {
.header.svelte-12nsyoy {
padding-left: 20px;
padding-right: 20px;
}
}

@media (max-width: 29.99em) {
.header.svelte-12nsyoy {
height: fit-content;
min-height: 70px;
padding-left: 10px;
padding-right: 10px;
}
}

html[data-app-os=”ios”] .header.svelte-12nsyoy {
padding-bottom: 16px;
}

.fixed-bottom.svelte-12nsyoy {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
right: 0;
}

.layout.svelte-12nsyoy {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 190px 1fr;
grid-template-areas: “title timeline”;
column-gap: 10px;
align-items: center;
}

@media (max-width: 29.99em) {
.layout.svelte-12nsyoy {
grid-template-areas: “timeline timeline” “title .”;
grid-template-rows: min-content auto;
}
}

@media (min-width: 30em) {
.layout.svelte-12nsyoy {
grid-template-columns: 220px 1fr;
align-items: start;
}
}

@media (min-width: 46.25em) and (max-width: 61.24em) {
.layout.svelte-12nsyoy {
padding-right: 32px;
}
}

@media (min-width: 61.25em) {
.layout.svelte-12nsyoy {
margin-right: -48px;
}
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
:root:not([data-color-scheme=”light”]) h2.svelte-12nsyoy {
color: #ededed !important;
}
:root:not([data-color-scheme=”light”]) .header.svelte-12nsyoy {
border-top: 4px solid #ededed;
}
}

h2.svelte-12nsyoy {
font-family: Guardian Headline, Guardian Egyptian Web, Guardian Headline Full, Georgia, serif;
font-weight: 400;
grid-area: title;
white-space: nowrap;
font-size: 32px;
line-height: 1.15;
font-weight: 700;
color: #121212 !important;
margin-top: 8px;
margin-bottom: 10px;
}

@media (min-width: 30em) {
h2.svelte-12nsyoy {
margin-top: 16px;
margin-bottom: 16px;
font-size: 36px;
}
}

@media (min-width: 46.25em) {
h2.svelte-12nsyoy {
margin-top: 16px;
margin-bottom: 16px;
}
}

html[data-app-os=”ios”] h2.svelte-12nsyoy {
margin-left: 2px;
}

@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 900;
font-style: normal;
}The text appears to be a mix of CSS code and font-face declarations, likely from a website’s stylesheet. It defines custom fonts like “Guardian Headline” and “Guardian Titlepiece” with various weights and styles, specifying their source files in different formats (woff2, woff, ttf). The CSS also includes styling rules for elements with classes such as `.bottom-label`, `.center-label`, and `.camera-locator`, controlling their positioning, transitions, and visual effects like shadows. Media queries adjust styles for different screen sizes, and there are specific rules for elements like a north arrow and locator label, including their appearance and behavior.The text provided is a CSS font-face declaration for the “Guardian Headline Full” font family. It defines multiple font weights and styles (normal and italic) with corresponding font files in WOFF2, WOFF, and TrueType formats. Each entry specifies the font weight (400, 500, 600, 700, 900) and style, linking to the respective font files hosted on the Guardian’s servers.@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BlackItalic.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BlackItalic.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BlackItalic.ttf) format(“truetype”);
font-weight: 900;
font-style: italic;
}

.image-overlay.svelte-10wdhpx {
position: absolute;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
z-index: 30;
display: grid;
place-items: center;
}

figure.svelte-10wdhpx {
display: grid;
width: min-content;
background-color: #000;
box-shadow: 0 3px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}

img.svelte-10wdhpx {
max-width: min(500px, 60vw);
max-height: min(600px, 60vh);
aspect-ratio: calc(var(–width) / var(–height));
object-fit: contain;
display: block;
}

figcaption.svelte-10wdhpx {
font-family: Guardian Text Sans Web, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif;
font-size: 14px;
line-height: 18px;
color: var(–gaza-family-text, #121212) !important;
padding: 2px 6px 6px;
}

.camera-icon.svelte-10wdhpx {
display: inline-block;
width: 1em;
margin-right: 4px;
padding-bottom: 0.5px;
}

@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Titlepiece;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-titlepiece/noalts-not-hinted/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.woff2) format(“woff2”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-titlepiece/noalts-not-hinted/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.woff) format(“woff”),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-titlepiece/noalts-not-hinted/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.ttf) format(“truetype”);
}@font-face {
font-family: ‘Guardian Headline Full’;
src: url(‘https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff2’) format(‘woff2’),
url(‘https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff’) format(‘woff’),
url(‘https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.ttf’) format(‘truetype’);
font-weight: 300;
font-style: normal;
}

@font-face {
font-family: ‘Guardian Headline Full’;
src: url(‘https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff2’) format(‘woff2’),
url(‘https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff’) format(‘woff’),
url(‘https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.ttf’) format(‘truetype’);
font-weight: 300;
font-style: italic;
}

@font-face {
font-family: ‘Guardian Headline Full’;
src: url(‘https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.woff2’) format(‘woff2’),
url(‘https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.woff’) format(‘woff’),
url(‘https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.ttf’) format(‘truetype’);
font-weight: 400;
font-style: normal;
}

@font-face {
font-family: ‘Guardian Headline Full’;
src: url(‘https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-RegularItalic.woff2’) format(‘woff2’),
url(‘https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-RegularItalic.woff’) format(‘woff’),
url(‘https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-RegularItalic.ttf’) format(‘truetype’);
font-weight: 400;
font-style: italic;
}

@font-face {
font-family: ‘Guardian Headline Full’;
src: url(‘https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff2’) format(‘woff2’),
url(‘https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff’) format(‘woff’),
url(‘https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.ttf’) format(‘truetype’);
font-weight: 500;
font-style: normal;
}

@font-face {
font-family: ‘Guardian Headline Full’;
src: url(‘https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff2’) format(‘woff2’),
url(‘https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff’) format(‘woff’),
url(‘https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.ttf’) format(‘truetype’);
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AbuShammala was a rising star in international law. A graduate of Al-Azhar University and the Palestinian Bar Association, she was selected for the prestigious Bertha Justice Fellowship to document Israeli violations for the International Criminal Court and had enrolled in a master’s program at the University of Jordan.

Born in Khan Younis, she grew up in a wealthy suburb of Gaza City. Her home was a fourth-floor, three-bedroom, 180-square-meter apartment with a sea view, where she lived with her parents, Khalil and Sahar, her sister Nesma, and her brother Muhammad.

They are a close-knit, educated family deeply involved in civic and human rights work. By Gaza’s standards, they led a privileged life.

Khalil once led a human rights association, and Sahar chairs the Palestinian Development and Women Studies Association. Nesma recently graduated in computer systems engineering, and Muhammad worked with displaced people until he was injured in an airstrike.

“I’ve lived in Sheikh Ajleen – Al-Quds Street, southwest Gaza City – since I was six,” she said. “It was quiet, away from the city’s noise, with only a few homes nearby.”

That neighborhood is now rubble. The grocery store she visited with her sister, her school, university, and mosque – a lifetime of memories – lie destroyed.

AbuShammala was at home in Gaza City, getting ready to meet friends for a birthday celebration when Israel invaded after the Hamas attacks on October 7, 2023.

“I had no idea what was happening. It was a shock for all of us,” she recalled, remembering waking up to the sound of rockets.

Days later, Israel issued evacuation orders. On October 13, the AbuShammala family packed what clothes they could and fled south to Khan Younis, to the home of her late grandfather. The car journey took around 40 minutes.

AbuShammala had always loved Khan Younis, her father’s hometown. It was a place of family gatherings and childhood memories. War changed that: once a refuge, Khan Younis came to symbolize loss. “I am someone who has no place. Someone lost from their home, knowing the way but not knowing how to return.”

She stayed mostly indoors, unable to face the destruction. “I would tell myself [the IDF] were posting [photos of the destruction] only to scare us. The thought was terrifying,” she said.

Two months later, in late DecemberIn 2023, AbuShammala was on the move again. After evacuation leaflets were dropped over Khan Younis, her family traveled by truck for ten minutes to a piece of land owned by relatives in al-Mawasi. Soon after, they learned that her grandfather’s house in Khan Younis had been destroyed, along with much of the surrounding neighborhood.

They left in a hurry in the middle of winter. “Later, we had to buy new essentials like clothes, carpets, kitchen appliances, and other basics,” AbuShammala said.

Five of them slept in a single tent measuring six by four meters. Later, they got a storage tent to create a little more space.

Winter in the tent was “unbearable,” though AbuShammala felt luckier than families with small children facing the same conditions.

“We had set up a kind of kitchen made of tarps with all our kitchen items. Then for about two months, the gas ran out completely and we had to cook over a fire. It was very difficult, especially in winter, having to go outside to cook or even to use the bathroom in the cold.”

There was barely any signal, so AbuShammala spent most of her time in the tent reading books on her phone. She especially enjoyed novels by Guillaume Musso.

When her family first arrived, few others were there. But once the IDF entered Khan Younis, the area filled with tents.

The experience echoed her family’s past. Decades earlier, her grandparents had fled militia attacks, surviving only because of UN tents and aid.

By July 21, 2024, the family had rented an apartment in Nuseirat in central Gaza. They moved there in a shared car and stayed for nearly a year until the second truce in 2025.

The neighborhood was quieter and less damaged than most, but tents surrounded their building, a reminder of how few had proper shelter.

There was water and electricity, so “mentally it felt easier, and even though it wasn’t like being in our home, at least we felt a bit of normal life.”

Yet Gaza City—normally a ten-minute drive away—felt impossibly far. “We weren’t able to go to Gaza because the army initially restricted movement from the south to the north,” AbuShammala recalled.

Then came the famine, after all border crossings into Gaza were closed. “Imagine not even being able to find flour to make bread. You’re forced to live on whatever type of food is available, and even that is sold at unbelievable prices.

“We mostly ate hummus and fava beans, and we tried to ration how much bread we had so it would last as long as possible.”

For AbuShammala, life in Nuseirat was survival in exile.

“My love for Gaza cannot be described in words. Any destruction here feels like something inside me is destroyed too. They are stealing our years, our lives, our dreams, and our memories.”

On April 8, 2025, AbuShammala returned to her family’s home in Gaza City to find it in ruins. An airstrike had flattened part of the building. Their home was burned and hollowed out.

The return meant more than just the destruction. She walked through the blackened rooms, recalling where everything once stood—sometimes reaching for a vanished bookshelf or mirror.

“Even though our apartment was burned and everything inside was gone, the moment I stepped back, I felt I was truly home, in my neighborhood, my city, among my people. It felt like my soul had come back to me.”

Inside, they found bullet casings and alcohol bottles. A neighbor said Israeli soldiers had stayed there, and stickers on the door appeared to confirm it.The area, just north of the Netzarim corridor, had been under tight military control for months. Still, the family began rebuilding with whatever materials they could find: repairing walls, covering damage, and laying new pipes. They cooked over open fires when the gas ran out.

Then, on 30 June, Muhammad was at al-Baqa café when an Israeli airstrike hit. A 500lb (230kg) bomb killed 24 Palestinians. Muhammad survived, shielding his friend, journalist Bayan Abusultan, but shrapnel shattered his legs, leaving him permanently disabled and unable to work.

The Israeli military said the strike was under review, claiming it targeted Hamas operatives. Legal experts said the use of such a large bomb in a civilian area likely constituted a war crime.

Their return home was disrupted after renewed evacuation orders in September. The family fled once more to Nuseirat – paying $1,600 (£1,200) to hire a truck for a two-hour journey that should have taken 20 minutes. They returned to the same apartment they’d kept paying rent for “in case things got worse – which they did.”

That month was a fragile pause. AbuShammala described life as “on hold,” the sound of explosions shaking the house each night. She worked when she could, commuting to Deir al-Balah for her job with the Stars of Hope Society, helping women with disabilities through a UN Women-funded programme.

“I do feel grateful for what I still have, and I know that compared to others, my family and I are considered lucky. But we still live with fear and anxiety. There’s also the sense of loss that isn’t always visible, the time and years slipping away.”

Eleven days after the ceasefire was announced on 10 October, the family returned once again to Gaza. The walls they rebuilt in summer were already cracking from fresh bombings. Water and gas were scarce.

Videos recorded by Nour as she walked around her Gaza City neighbourhood on her return in October 2025.

“My neighborhood still needs time to heal. My school still needs time before it can reopen its doors to students. And even when that time comes, nothing will ever be the same again. No one can erase the memories.”

Yet Gaza City still feels like home. Now, each morning, the family returns to work. “We all try in our own ways, to contribute to our country and remain active members of our community despite everything we’re living through.”

AbuShammala and her sister walked through what was left of their neighbourhood. The mosque and shop were gone; the Bar Association building was badly damaged.

“Every beautiful place I once knew has turned into ashes. The suffering hasn’t ended. The wounds of this city are still open.”

AbuShammala speaks of both hope and caution when looking to the future: “There’s a sense of relief, that the killing has stopped, the displacement has stopped, the destruction has stopped, and that there’s finally a chance to return home. But at the same time, things are still very hard. Gaza needs a lot of time to recover, life hasn’t really come back yet. The pain and the scars are still there. There’s sadness despite everything. And Israel isn’t making things any easier, there’s always this fear that we’ll wake up one morning and the war will start again, that our home will be gone, that our dreams will be stolen once more.”

Still determined to return to her career in international law, AbuShammala remembers the advice her mentor gave her when she first began: “The road to justice is long.”Experts have concluded that Israel’s actions in Gaza amount to genocide—a charge Israel rejects.

As these investigations continue, AbuShammala’s life remains on hold, caught between daily survival, the effort to rebuild, and her hopes for education and a career beyond the war.

She is waiting for a border crossing to open so she can begin her master’s degree in Jordan—the path she was pursuing before the war.

“Gaza is not just a place or walls to me,” she said. “It’s something alive inside me. Sometimes I wish we had never woken up on October 7, that our lives hadn’t been turned upside down like this. Or I wish I could forget everything that’s happened, as if I never lived through it.”

For now, she remains in a shattered city with her family, trying to rebuild what is left of their home.

AbuShammala is currently writing a book about her experiences during the war.

Methodology

This project draws on multiple sources to trace where the AbuShammala family has lived over the past two years and how each neighborhood has changed during the war.

The Guardian was in regular contact with Nour and Khalil AbuShammala over a two-month period to document their story, gather imagery, and verify events.

Satellite imagery from Planet and Vantor was used to assess damage and movement over time. Images are dated within the piece and span periods before and during the conflict, with additional imagery used for verification.

Reported damage was verified against satellite analysis, user-generated footage, news reports, and official IDF updates. Footage provided by Nour was geolocated using identifiable landmarks and compared with satellite images. Using a combination of these visuals and archive pictures, The Guardian verified footage showing buildings before and after they were destroyed by Israeli strikes.

Frequently Asked Questions
Of course Here is a list of FAQs about the topic What does home mean today A womans twoyear journey to find safety in the rubble of Gaza framed in a natural conversational tone

BeginnerLevel Questions

1 What is this story about
This is a personal narrative following one womans experience over two years in Gaza It explores her struggle to find safety shelter and a sense of home amidst ongoing conflict displacement and the physical destruction of her surroundings

2 Why focus on a womans perspective
A womans perspective often highlights specific challenges such as caring for family in extreme conditions maintaining dignity and safety without stable shelter and holding together the emotional fabric of home when the physical structure is gone It provides a deeply human lens on a largescale crisis

3 What does home mean in this context
In this story home shifts from being a physical place to a fragile concept It becomes about wherever her family can be together find a moment of safety or experience a shred of normalcywhether in a tent a damaged building or a crowded shelter

4 Is this a fictional story or based on real events
This is a nonfiction account based on real events and testimonies It documents the reallife humanitarian crisis in Gaza through the lived experience of one individual

Intermediate Thematic Questions

5 How does constant displacement change a persons idea of home
It strips away the association of home with permanence stability and memory Home becomes transient and conditionaldefined by immediate needs rather than comfort identity or history The longing for a lost home becomes a constant psychological burden

6 What are the main obstacles to finding safety in Gaza depicted in the story
The story would likely highlight obstacles like ongoing bombardment with no safe zones the scarcity of intact buildings lack of basic utilities overcrowded and unsanitary conditions in shelters and the trauma of repeated loss

7 What does safety mean when theres no secure physical shelter
Safety becomes multifaceted Its not just physical safety from attack but also safety from disease from hunger from exploitation and for women and children safety from genderbased violence in chaotic unprotected environments

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