Hukumomin Rasha sun yi amfani da kayan aiki daga kamfanin Isra'ila Cellebrite don shiga wayar wani fursuna na siyasa, duk da cewa kamfanin ya ce watanni da suka gabata ya soke kwangilolinsa da Rasha. Wannan binciken ya fito ne daga binciken da Cibiyar Bincike ta Citizen Lab ta Jami'ar Toronto ta yi.
Lamarin ya tada tambayoyi game da yadda Cellebrite ke da iko a kan software dinsa, wanda ke ba masu amfani damar buɗe wayoyi cikin sauki da kuma duba abubuwan da ke cikinsu. Ana sayar da waɗannan kayan aikin a duk duniya kuma 'yan sanda a Burtaniya da Amurka suna amfani da su sosai.
An kama Andrei Pivovarov, darektan kungiyar Open Russia, a watan Mayu 2021 kuma an sake shi bayan fiye da shekaru uku a matsayin wani ɓangare na musayar fursunoni da ta shafi ɗan jaridar Amurka Evan Gershkovich.
Yayin da yake kurkuku, hukumomin Rasha sun yi amfani da kayan aikin bincike don shiga wayarsa. Sun fitar da bayanai game da abokan huldarsa da rayuwarsa ta sirri da ta aiki. Pivovarov ya ce wannan "take hakkin sirrinsa" ne wanda ya jefa abokan aikinsa da yawa cikin hadari.
"Sun yi ƙoƙari su nemo saƙonnina ga sauran abokan aikina daga kungiyata da sauran 'yan siyasa, kuma suna iya amfani da su a shari'ar laifuka a kansu. Bayan kama ni, abokan aikina da yawa sun bar Rasha nan take," in ji shi.
An yi amfani da wannan bayanin don gina shari'ar laifuka a kan Pivovarov. Bisa ga takardun da aka ba shi yayin shari'arsa, hukumomi sun tattara cikakkun bayanai game da abokan huldarsa, gami da abubuwan da ke cikin saƙonninsa a kan manhajoji kamar WhatsApp da Viber. Wasu daga cikin abokan huldarsa daga baya sun fuskanci hari daga Coldriver, wata kungiya mai alaka da Rasha. Citizen Lab ta ce wannan alaka na bukatar ƙarin bincike.
Citizen Lab ta ce binciken shari'a ya gano "da babban tabbaci" cewa an yi amfani da kayan aikin Cellebrite. Wani takarda da hukumomin Rasha suka shirya kuma suka ba Pivovarov yayin shari'arsa ya tabbatar da hakan.
Cellebrite ta yi ikirarin cewa tana "tam a gefen nagarta" kuma ta yi ƙoƙari ta bambanta kanta daga kamfanoni kamar NSO Group, wanda ake zargin gwamnatocin kasashen waje suna amfani da kayan leken asirinsa Pegasus a kan masu adawa, 'yan jarida, jami'an diflomasiyya, da limamai. NSO ta ce ana buƙatar abokan cinikinta kada su yi amfani da kayan leken asirinta ba daidai ba.
An yi kutse a wayar Pivovarov a watan Mayu 2021, watanni bayan Cellebrite ta ce za ta daina sayar da hanyoyin magance ta da ayyukanta ga abokan ciniki a Rasha da Belarus. Wannan sanarwar ta zo ne bayan matsin lamba na kafafen yada labarai a Isra'ila, lokacin da gungun masu bincike karkashin jagorancin lauyan kare hakkin dan Adam Eitay Mack suka bayyana cewa an yi amfani da kayan aikin Cellebrite a kan dubun dubatar mutane a Rasha, ciki har da Alexei Navalny.
Mack ya ce yayin da Cellebrite ta sanar da cewa za ta daina sayarwa, ba ta taɓa kashe kayan aikin da ta riga ta sayar wa Rasha ba – duk da cewa wasu takardunta na jama'a sun nuna cewa tana da ikon yin hakan. "A cikin kwangiloli da hukumomin Amurka, Cellebrite tana riƙe da haƙƙin rushe kayan aikin. Amma gaskiyar ita ce, kayan aikinsu suna ko'ina."
Mack ya ce akwai wasu lokuta inda kayan aikin Cellebrite suka bayyana ana amfani da su bayan kamfanin ya ce ya soke kwangiloli. Bincikensa ya nuna cewa ana iya amfani da software din har yanzu tare da lasisi mara inganci.
Pivovarov ya ce amfani da Cellebrite ya keta hakkin sirrinsa kuma ya ba hukumomi damar yin amfani da bayanansa na sirri a kansa.
A wata budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga kamfanin, ya rubuta: "Yawan binciken da aka gudanar ya nuna cewa Tarayyar Rasha da sauran kasashe masu kama-karya suna ci gaba da aiki da na'urorinku tsawon lokaci bayan ƙarshen kwangiloli a hukumance. Ina ba da shawarar cewa kamfaninku ya kamata ya kawo karshen aikin kare abokan ciniki da ke cin zarafin fasahar ku." Cellebrite ta sayar da fasaharta ga kasashe masu kama-karya da zalunci, ciki har da Rasha, Belarus, China, Jordan, Kenya, Myanmar, da Serbia. Ta ƙare kwangiloli a Serbia, Rasha, Belarus, Bangladesh, Hong Kong, da China. Duk da haka, ba ta ƙare kwangiloli da Kenya ko Jordan ba, duk da cewa Citizen Lab ta sami shaidar cewa hukumomi a kasashen biyu sun yi amfani da Cellebrite don sa ido kan wayoyin masu fafutuka.
"Idan Cellebrite da gaske take son dakatar da ba da damar tuhume-tuhume na siyasa, mafita ita ce mai sauki: daina sayar wa masu mulkin kama-karya, kashe fasaharsu daga nesa bayan an sami rahotannin rashin amfani, kuma kawo karshen zamanin musanta laifi ta hanyar ƙara alamun ruwa na sirri a duk na'urorin da suka yi hoto," in ji John Scott-Railton, babban mai bincike a Citizen Lab.
Lokacin da aka nemi sharhi, Cellebrite ta aika da imel na taro ga jerin 'yan jarida da Citizen Lab, tana cewa: "Ba zai yiwu a amsa rahoto game da mu ba yayin da ba a ba mu damar duba shi kafin bugawa ba."
Ta kara da cewa: "Ana ba da fasahar Cellebrite ne kawai a karkashin lasisi kuma don amfani da aka halatta bisa doka, ba tare da keɓancewa ba... Duk wani amfani da tsohuwar kayan aikin Cellebrite a Rasha bayan Maris 2021 ba a halatta ba gaba ɗaya."
Kamfanin ya ce kayan aikin da ya sayar kafin Maris 2021 "ba za su dace da na'urorin zamani ba kuma za su yi aiki ba tare da tallafin fasaharmu ba."
