A cikin cibiyar tarihi na babban birnin Colombia, Bogotá, wani gidan hotuna a ofishin mataimakin shugaban ƙasa yana nuna hotunan duk tsoffin mataimakan shugaban ƙasa tun lokacin da ƙasar ta zama jamhuriya a shekara ta 1886. Dukkansu farare ne.
Lokacin da shugaban ƙasa da mataimakin shugaban ƙasa na yanzu suka bar ofis a watan Agusta, bangon zai ƙunshi fuskar ɗan Afro-Colombia a karon farko: Francia Márquez, 'yar shekara 44, ita ce mace baƙar fata ta farko da ta zama mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa a ƙasar da aƙalla kashi 10% na al'ummar ta fito ne daga zuriyar Afirka.
An zaɓe ta a shekara ta 2022 tare da shugaban ƙasa mai ra'ayin hagu Gustavo Petro, Márquez ta kuma zama ɗaya daga cikin mata baƙar fata guda uku kawai da suka taɓa zama mataimakan shugaban ƙasa a cikin Amurka, bayan Epsy Campbell Barr a Costa Rica a shekara ta 2018 da Kamala Harris a Amurka a shekara ta 2021.
Ba wannan kawai kamanceceniya da Márquez ta gani a tsakanin su ba.
"Mu uku mun kasa ɗaukar manyan ayyuka a cikin gwamnatocinmu. Akasin haka, an toshe mu," in ji ta ga The Guardian. "Wannan dabarar wariyar launin fata ce, kuma ba kome ko gwamnati ta dama ko hagu; abu ya faru," ta kara da cewa.
Márquez ta ce Harris "an cire ta" daga hannun Shugaba Joe Biden, kuma wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilan da ta yi rashin nasara a zaɓen 2024 ga Donald Trump.
"Biden bai ƙyale ta ta ɗauki babban matsayi da zai ƙarfafa jagorancinta ba... Mu uku mun sha irin wannan wahala," in ji ta.
A cikin wata hira da ba a saba yi ba a gidan mataimakin shugaban ƙasa, Márquez ta yi magana a fili game da matsalar dangantakarta da Shugaba Petro - sun yi magana kadan fiye da shekara guda - da kuma wariyar launin fata da ta ce ta fuskanta a cikin shekaru huɗun da suka gabata, duka "a ciki da wajen gwamnati."
"Gwamnatin Colombia gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ce," in ji ta.
An haife ta a cikin al'ummar ma'adinai na Afro-descendant na Yolombó, a cikin Cauca, ɗaya daga cikin yankunan da suka fi shafa rikicin makamai na shekaru da yawa na Colombia, Márquez ta zama mai fafutuka tun tana da shekaru 13, lokacin da gina madatsar ruwa ya yi barazana ga ƙauyenta.
A shekara ta 2014, ta jagoranci mata baƙar fata kusan 80 a tafiyar mil 350 zuwa babban birnin, wanda aka fi sani da Maris na Turbans, don neman gwamnati ta kawo ƙarshen hakar ma'adinai ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, wanda ke gurɓata koguna da tilasta wa al'ummomi ƙasarsu.
Shekaru huɗu bayan haka, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Goldman Environmental Prize kuma ta yi takarar majalisa amma ba ta yi nasara ba.
Ba da daɗewa ba, ta bayyana aniyarta ta tsaya takarar shugaban ƙasa. Duk da rashin gogewar siyasarta, ta sami kuri'u 783,000 a zaɓen farko, ta zo ta biyu bayan tsohon ɗan tawaye kuma a lokacin sanata Petro, wanda daga nan ya gayyace ta ta shiga takensa.
Sun ci nasara, Petro ya zama shugaban ƙasa na hagu na farko na Colombia, kuma masu sharhi da yawa sun yi imanin Márquez tana da gagarumin rawa a sakamakon.
"Ya zama kamar babban taron tarihi," in ji masanin kimiyyar siyasa Ana María Ospina Pedraza, ta kara da cewa: "Ya kasance maƙasudin tarihi don wakilcin al'ummomin Afro-descendant a Colombia, waɗanda a tarihi aka ware su."
"Bayan haka, a cikin shekaru, watakila jagorancinta ba abin da muka yi hasashe ba ne," in ji Ospina Pedraza.
Mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa ta ce ya kasance "shekaru huɗu masu ƙalubale" a gare ta, "a matsayina na mace kuma a matsayina na mace baƙar fata, a cikin ƙasar da ke da ra'ayin mazan jiya da wariyar launin fata."
Márquez ta ce ta fuskanci wariyar launin fata daga manema labarai na gida, tare da zane-zane masu ban dariya da ke nuna ta a matsayin King Kong da abin da ta bayyana a matsayin "bincike da ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba" kan kuɗin tafiye-tafiyen mataimakin shugaban ƙasa. An soki ta saboda amfani da helikwafta. Mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa ta yi amfani da helikwafta don tafiya zuwa wani gida mai zaman kansa a Cali, wanda ta ce saboda dalilan tsaro, da kuma tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashen Afirka don haɓaka fitar da kayayyaki na Colombia. Kafofin watsa labarai na gida sun kira shi da "safari," kuma wani sanata na dama ya yi tambaya ko "an kafa makarantun Swahili [a Colombia]" saboda kuɗin.
Amma mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa ta ce wariyar launin fata ta fito ne daga cikin gwamnati. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukanta na farko a ofis shine canza tsarin ma'aikatanta, daga masu ba da shawara zuwa ma'aikatan tsaro. "Akwai jami'ai da suka gaya wa mata da maza Afro-Colombian cewa suna nan ne kawai saboda ina nan. A wasu kalmomi, suna cewa, 'Ba ka cancanci zama nan ba,' kuma wannan yana da zafi," in ji ta.
Har ila yau, ta kasance abin hari akan layi akai-akai. A watan Maris na bara, alkali ya wanke ɗaya daga cikin masu cin zarafinta, yana mai cewa ko da yake mutumin ya kira ta da "ɗan dabbobi" a wani rubutu akan X, ba a tabbatar da cewa yana da niyyar ƙaddamar da tashin hankali ko nuna bambanci a kanta ba. Márquez tana daukaka kara kan hukuncin.
Bayan shekaru da yawa na bayyana a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasar Colombia, ana iya tsammanin za ta nemi shugabancin, tunda haramcin sake zaɓen shugaban ƙasa a kundin tsarin mulki bai shafi mataimakin shugaban ƙasa ba. Amma hakan ba zai kasance ba. Duk da yake ta danganta shawararta na rashin takara da farko ga "alkawari" na yin wa'adi ɗaya kawai, ta amince ba ta cim ma abubuwa da yawa kamar yadda za ta so ba.
Duk da haka, ba ta zargi kanta ba. "Abin takaici, jagorancina a matsayina na mace baƙar fata ya zama barazana ga mutane da yawa, kuma an hana ni yin ƙari... Na ji mutane suna cewa, 'Idan sun ba Francia Márquez iko, za ta zama shugaban ƙasa.' Wannan tsoron ne ya sa ba a ba ni kayan aikin da nake buƙata don isar da su ba," in ji ta.
A tsakiyar rigimar da take da shugaban ƙasa akwai Ma'aikatar Daidaito, wanda ƙirƙirarta ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin alkawuran yaƙin neman zaɓe na Petro. Márquez ta ce ta shafe shekaru biyu na farko a ofis tana magance rashin kudade da ƙalubalen harkokin gwamnati na gina ma'aikata "daga farko." "Lokacin da na kusa nuna sakamakon, an cire ni," in ji ta.
A yayin wani taron majalisar ministocin da aka watsa a talabijin a watan Fabrairun 2025, Márquez ta koka game da rashin albarkatu kuma ta soki nadin wani minista da ake zargi da cin hanci da rashawa. "Watakila wannan zai yi mini tsada, wa ya san me," ta ce a taron. Haka ne. Kwanaki bayan haka, Petro ya cire ta daga ma'aikatar, kuma tun daga lokacin ta riƙe matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa kawai. "Na ji baƙin ciki sosai, na ji rauni, saboda na yi tunanin kakannina waɗanda suka yi aiki da aiki da aiki don wasu su ɗauki daraja," in ji ta.
Petro bai amsa buƙatun yin hira ba. Márquez ta ce tana ci gaba da "dangantakar mutuntawa" da shi. "Mun sami bambance-bambance, amma ina girmama shugaban."
Masanin kimiyyar siyasa Ospina Pedraza ya yi imanin cewa, ko da ta so ta tsaya takara, Márquez ba za ta yi nasara a zaɓen ba, wanda za a gudanar da zagayen farko a ranar 31 ga Mayu. Kuri'un jin ra'ayin jama'a suna nuna takara mai tsanani tsakanin ɗan takarar Petro, sanata mai ra'ayin hagu Iván Cepeda - wanda abokin takararsa, sanata Aida Quilcué, ke da nufin zama mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa na asali na farko na Colombia - da 'yan takara biyu na dama. Abelardo de la Espriella, wanda ake ganin ba na cikin gida ba, da kuma sanata mai adawa da zubar da ciki Paloma Valencia suma sun halarta.
"Na yi imani cewa lokacin siyasa na musamman da Márquez ta samu a lokacin zaɓe ya ɓata ɗan kaɗan. Wannan begen ya ɓace," in ji Ospina Pedraza, yana mai danganta wannan da farko ga rashin sakamako na zahiri.
Duk da haka, Márquez ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta sami sakamako ta hanyar shirye-shiryen da ta jagoranta a cikin gwamnati, kamar haɓaka fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ƙasashen Afirka da yawa.
"A cikin 'yan watanni, a cikin wannan hanyar, za a sami hoton fuskar da ba a saba gani a cikin waɗannan cibiyoyi ba, kuma hakan yana ba ni alfahari saboda mu - baƙar fata, 'yan asali, manoma, da matalauta - mun gina wannan al'umma. Don haka ya cancanci, kamar yadda ya cancanci kakannina su yi yaƙi don yau ban saka ƙuƙumma ba... Gayyata ta ga wasu mata su kuskura su mamaye waɗannan wurare," ta kara da cewa.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Tabbas Ga jerin tambayoyin da ake yawan yi game da Mataimakiyar Shugaban ƙasar Colombia da ke danganta koma baya ga wariyar launin fata da aka tsara cikin yanayi na halitta
Tambayoyin Matakin Farko
1 Wanene Mataimakiyar Shugaban ƙasar Colombia kuma me ta ce
Mataimakiyar Shugaban ƙasar Colombia ita ce Francia Márquez, tsohuwar mai fafutukar kare muhalli kuma ita ce mace Afro-Colombia ta farko da ta riƙe ofis. Kwanan nan ta bayyana cewa ta fuskanci shekaru huɗu na koma baya da cikas na siyasa, wanda ta danganta da farko ga wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci a cikin tsarin siyasar ƙasar.
2 Me take nufi da koma baya?
Koma baya yana nufin matsalolin da ta fuskanta wajen ciyar da ajandar siyasarta, gami da juriya daga ƙungiyoyin siyasa na gargajiya, ƙoƙarin ware ta a cikin gwamnati, rashin mutunci ga jama'a, da ƙalubalen aiwatar da manufofin da suka mayar da hankali kan adalci na zamantakewa, kariyar muhalli, da daidaito ga al'ummomin da aka ware.
3 Menene wariyar launin fata ta tsari?
Wariyar launin fata ta tsari tana nufin hanyoyin da al'ummomi ke haɓaka wariyar launin fata ta hanyar tsarin gidaje, ilimi, aikin yi, banki, kafofin watsa labarai, da gwamnati. Ba kawai game da son zuciya na mutum ba ne amma game da manufofi da ayyukan da ke cikin cibiyoyi, suna haifar da rashi mai yawa da dorewa ga ƙungiyoyin kabilanci da kabilanci.
4 Me yasa bayaninta yake da mahimmanci?
Yana da mahimmanci saboda mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa a halin yanzu tana kiran wariyar launin fata a matsayin babban shinge ga mulki. Yana nuna gwagwarmayar ci gaba don wakilci da daidaito a cikin ƙasa mai bambancin iri kamar Colombia kuma yana haifar da tattaunawar ƙasa game da iko, launin fata, da wanda zai shiga siyasa.
Tambayoyin Ma'ana (Contextual)
5 Wadanne takamaiman misalan wariyar launin fata Mataimakiyar Shugaban ƙasa Márquez ta ambata?
Ta yi nuni ga lokuta irin su ana kiranta da sunaye masu raɗaɗi, fuskantar bincike da zargi da bai dace ba idan aka kwatanta da takwarorinta, ware matsayinta da ƙoƙarin da ba a ba da kuɗaɗe ba, da kuma ci gaba da rashin mutunci daga abokan hamayyar siyasa da sassan kafofin watsa labarai waɗanda ke tambayar halaccinta da cancanta bisa ga asalinta.
6 Ta yaya wannan ke da alaƙa da tarihin siyasarta?
Francia Márquez ta shahara a matsayin mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a don kare al'ummarta daga hakar ma'adinai ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Gaba ɗaya ainihin siyasarta ta ginu ne kan ƙalubalantar tsarin mulki da wakiltar ƙungiyoyin da aka ware a tarihi - baƙar fata, 'yan asali, ƙau
