"Jaw-dropping" El Niño wanda a halin yanzu ke dumama duniya ya riga ya karya mafi girman zafin da aka taɓa rubutawa na wannan al'amari, watanni kafin kololuwar da ake tsammani. Sabbin bayanai sun nuna hauhawar zafin da ke tsakiyar El Niño a Tekun Pasifik ya kai 3.05C. Wannan ya fi 3.02C da aka saita a ƙarshen Nuwamba 2015, wanda shine mafi girma a cikin shekaru 150 na rubuce-rubucen zamani. Ana auna wannan zafin ne da matsakaicin 1991-2020.
Yawancin masana yanayi sun fi son ma'aunin da ke amfani da matsakaicin shekaru 30 a matsayin tunani, wanda ke la'akari da dumamar duniya da ɗan adam ya haifar. Wannan ma'aunin, da ake kira ONI (Nino3.4), yana gab da karya rikodin, kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na digiri ƙasa da rikodin 2015. Duk waɗannan ma'aunan biyu sun dogara da bayanai daga Hukumar Kula da Tekuna da Yanayi ta Amurka (NOAA).
Duba hoto a cikakken alloGidaje na bakin teku da suka lalace a Dana Point, California. Hoto: Mario Tama/Getty Images
Sabbin hasashe na baya-bayan nan sun yi hasashen kololuwar 4.0C a Nuwamba da Disamba, bisa ga matsakaicin samfuri 14 daban-daban da masanin yanayi Zeke Hausfather ya tantance. Wannan ya yi nisa sosai fiye da abubuwan da suka faru a baya har Hausfather ya kira shi "mai ban mamaki," yayin da wasu suka kwatanta shi da "matakin Godzilla." Duk wani hauhawar zafin da ya wuce 0.5C ana ɗaukarsa El Niño; sama da 2C a hukumance ana kiransa El Niño "mai ƙarfi sosai" – wanda galibi ake kira "super" El Niño.
El Niño na yanzu mai yiwuwa shine mafi girma cikin akalla shekaru 1,000 kuma zai ƙara ƙarin zafi ga yanayin da zafin ke ƙaruwa cikin sauri saboda dumamar duniya da ɗan adam ya haifar. Wannan bugun biyu yana nufin ana sa ran 2027 zai "fasa" tsofaffin rubuce-rubuce kuma ya zama shekara mafi zafi da aka taɓa rubutawa.
Rikicin yanayi, wanda gurɓataccen mai ya haifar, yana riga yana ƙara tsananta yanayi mara kyau kuma yana kashe mutane. El Niño zai ƙara sa tasirin ya fi muni, kuma ya riga ya fara shafar yankuna a faɗin duniya yayin da yanayin yanayi ke canzawa.
Duba hoto a cikakken alloJirgin ruwan LPG mai ɗauke da tutar Panama G. Spririt a kan hanyar ruwa ta Panama. Hoto: AFP/Getty Images
"Abubuwan El Niño masu ƙarfi sosai kamar waɗanda suka faru a 1997/1998 da 2015/2016 suna da alaƙa da asarar ɗaruruwan biliyoyin daloli a duniya – wannan lamarin yana barin waɗanda suka gabata a baya," in ji Hausfather, mai ba da gudummawa ga Carbon Brief.
Farfesa Friederike Otto, a Kwalejin Imperial da ke London, ta ce: "Wannan lamari babban sake rarraba makamashi ne a tsarin yanayi kuma yana da haɗari saboda yana faruwa a kan tsarin yanayi mai zafi sosai da ɗan adam ya rinjayi.
"Don haka, a wurare da yawa a faɗin duniya za mu ga matsanancin zafi da ba a taɓa fuskanta ba, tare da duk sakamakonsa ga lafiya, tsaron abinci da matsalar ruwa," in ji ta. "El Niño yana zuwa yana tafiya, amma muddin muka ci gaba da ƙona mai, yana faruwa a kan tushe mai zafi da ke ƙaruwa, wanda ke sa al'ummomi su fi wahalar magance sakamakon."
Zane
Yanayin zafi da bushewa a Indonesia ya riga ya haifar da gobarar daji da ta karya rikodi da matakan gurɓataccen iska masu kisa, yayin da Indiya ta ga ruwan damina mai muhimmanci ya ragu. Yanayin fari a Amurka ta Tsakiya da Caribbean yana haifar da asarar amfanin gona da rage kasuwanci saboda ƙarancin ruwa a hanyar ruwa ta Panama. Shirin Abinci na Duniya ya ce a watan Agusta cewa tasirin El Niño mai yiwuwa zai jefa kusan mutane miliyan 50 cikin matsanancin yunwa kuma ya haɓaka farashi.
'Forcing a reckoning': Yadda Asiya ke shirya wa 'supersized' El Niño
Karanta ƙari
Shekarun El Niño kuma suna kawo ruwan sama mai ƙarfi da ambaliya a wasu yankuna, inda Peru da Chile suka riga suka sha wahala, kuma an katse hanyar zuwa Machu Picchu. Ƙahon Afirka kuma yana da rauni sosai ga ƙaruwar ruwan sama, yayin da ake sa ran kudancin Amurka zai fuskanci ruwan sama mai tsanani a lokacin hunturu.
An yi hasashen lokacin rani na kudancin hemisphere zai fi zafi da bushewa sakamakon babban El Niño, wanda ke nufin ƙarin haɗarin gobarar daji da fari a Ostiraliya da kudancin Afirka. Ana sa ran guguwa mai ƙarfi a Pasifik za su fi tsanani, amma El Niño yana danne guguwar Atlantika, kuma ba kamar yadda aka saba ba, babu wanda ya faru a wannan shekara. Yayin da aka san tasirin El Niño na yau da kullum, masana kimiyya suna damuwa cewa tasirin rikicin yanayi mai yawa zai iya canza waɗannan alamu, yana sa ƙasashe da al'ummomi su fi wahalar shiryawa. Ƙungiyar Yanayi ta Duniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ce ta ƙaddamar da babban shiri a cikin tarihin shekaru 50 don taimakawa ayyukan yanayi na ƙasa su ba da hasashe "mai ceton rai." 'The physical toll is visceral': Yadda hazo na gobarar Indonesia ke shafar miliyoyin - jagorar gani Karanta ƙari Sakatare-Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya António Guterres ya ce a farkon Satumba: "Ana ƙara girman El Niño a idanunmu. Kimiyya ba ta bar wani shakku ba: duniya tana cikin ruwa da ba a sani ba kuma duniya tana cikin yankin haɗari na yanayi mara kyau. Gasar yanzu ita ce tsakanin haɗarin da ke ƙaruwa da sadaukarwarmu na ɗaukar matakin yanayi da kare mutane." A cikin Guardian ranar Talata, a halin yanzu, Farfesa Bill McGuire ya ce: "Abin da ke faruwa a equatorial Pacific yana da ban mamaki kuma zai iya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan sauye-sauyen yanayi na duniya cikin shekaru dubu. Zai haifar da jerin bala'o'in yanayi a faɗin duniyarmu." Ya ce El Niño mai ƙarfi na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga tattalin arzikin duniya: "Yayin da babban koma bayan tattalin arziki na 2008 ya haifar da raguwar GDP na duniya da kusan dala tiriliyan 2, super El Niño na 1997–98 ya haifar da asarar dala tiriliyan 5.7." An riga an zarce wancan El Niño da na yanzu. Bincike na baya-bayan nan ya nuna dumamar duniya yanzu tana ƙara tsananta zagayowar El Niño, wanda hakan kuma yana ƙara tsananta tasirin rikicin yanayi. Bayanai daga nazarin murjani, zoben bishiya da takardun tarihi sun nuna babu wani El Niño da ya kai wannan matakin cikin ƙarni na baya, in ji Hausfather. "Duk tasirin El Niño ana ƙara girmansa ta canjin yanayi na duniya," in ji Farfesa Kevin Trenberth, a Cibiyar Binciken Yanayi ta Ƙasa a Amurka. "Lokacin rani na arewa na ƙarin zafi da gobarar daji a Turai, Amurka ta Arewa da Asiya misali ne kawai na abin da ke zuwa."
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
FAQs JawDropping El Niño Breaks Temperature Records Months Before Its Peak
Tambayoyin Farko
1 Menene El Niño a sauƙaƙe
El Niño wani yanayi ne na halitta inda ruwan saman tsakiyar da gabashin Tekun Pasifik ke yin zafi fiye da yadda aka saba Wannan zafi yana canza yanayin yanayi na duniya yana shafar ruwan sama guguwa da zafin jiki a faɗin duniya
2 Menene ma'anar cewa El Niño ya karya rikodin zafin jiki watanni kafin kololuwar sa
Yana nufin zafin duniya ya kai sabon matsayi mafi girma a kowane lokaci yayin da El Niño ke ci gaba da ƙarfafa kafin ya kai matsakaicin ƙarfinsa A yadda aka saba mafi girman tasirin zafi yakan zo bayan kololuwar don haka rikodin da wuri haka ya ba masana kimiyya mamaki da tsoro
3 Me ya sa ake kiran wannan jawdropping
Saboda ba a karya rikodin kawai ba an farfasa su da rata mai girma da ba a saba gani ba kuma sun faru da wuri a zagayowar El Niño fiye da yadda ake tsammani Masana kimiyya sun yi mamakin yadda zafin ya haura sama da tsofaffin rikodin
4 Yaushe El Niño yakan kai kololuwa
El Niño yakan kai kololuwa a ƙarshen kaka ko hunturu sannan ya raunana cikin bazara
5 Shin El Niño yana haifar da dumamar duniya
A'a El Niño zagaye ne na halitta na ɗan lokaci wanda ke sakin ƙarin zafi cikin yanayi Dumamar duniya da ɗan adam ya haifar ita ce hauhawar zafin jiki na dogon lokaci El Niño yana ƙara hauhawar ɗan gajeren lokaci a kan wannan yanayin dogon lokaci
Tambayoyin Tsakiya
6 Me ya sa zafin jiki yakan kai kololuwa bayan El Niño ya kai kololuwa ba a lokacin ba
Teku yana sakin zafi cikin yanayi sannu-sannu Ko bayan zafin teku ya fara raguwa ƙarin zafin da ke cikin iska da jinkirin tsarin yanayi suna riƙe zafin duniya sama na watanni da yawa
7 Nawa ne zafin jiki ya haura sama da tsofaffin rikodin
A lokacin El Niño na 202324 watanni da yawa sun wuce 15C sama da matakan kafin masana'antu kuma wasu kwanaki ɗaya-ɗaya sun tsallake 2C Waɗannan su ne mafi girman matsakaicin duniya da aka taɓa aunawa
8 Me ke sa El Niño ya zama mai ƙarfi ko super
Masana kimiyya suna auna zafin teku a wani yanki mai muhimmanci na Pasifik Super El Niño yakan wuce kusan 2C sama da matsakaici a can El Niño mai ƙarfi yawanci yana haifar da babban tasirin zafin duniya da yanayi
9 Menene manyan tasirin El Niño da ya karya rikodi
Zafin zafi a kan ƙasa da cikin teku
Ruwan sama mai ƙarfi da ambaliya a wasu
