Yanayin wuta a cikin EU ya kai matsayi mai tsanani a wannan lokaci na shekara, bisa ga sabbin bayanai, yayin da ma'aikatan kashe gobara ke aiki don shawo kan gobarar da ke kewaye da Tekun Bahar Rum.
Sakamakon gurɓataccen iska daga carbon, yanayin zafi, bushewa, da iska a cikin EU tun farkon shekara ya fi tsanani da kashi 43% fiye da matsakaicin ƙarshen Yuli a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, bisa ga bayanai daga Sabis na Bayanin Gobarar Daji na Turai (Effis).
Ma'aikatan kashe gobara uku sun mutu a Girka ranar Talata, in ji jami'ai, yayin da ma'aikatan kashe gobara a Faransa da Spain suka sami ci gaba a cikin dare wajen shawo kan manyan gobarar da ta kusa konewa kusa da manyan biranen.
Alkaluman, da aka fitar ranar Alhamis amma ana iya sake duba su, sun nuna cewa hekta 435,000 (kadada 1,075,000) sun kone ya zuwa yanzu a wannan shekara—kusan sau uku fiye da matsakaicin tarihi na kwanan nan. Wannan barnar ta fito ne daga gobara 1,400, fiye da ninki biyu na adadin da aka saba.
A Faransa, wata gobara a cikin dazuzzukan pine masu yawa kusa da Bordeaux ta girma har ta haifar da wani guguwa mai tsawa da ba a saba gani ba wanda zai iya haifar da ƙarin gobara. A cewar Effis, hekta 91,000 sun kone, wanda ya karya rikodin ƙasar na cikakkiyar shekara ta gobara—yayin da wata ɗaya na bazara ya rage.
Hukumomin yankin Gironde sun ce gobarar tana ƙarƙashin iko bayan dare mai natsuwa, tare da ma'aikatan da ke ci gaba da aiki a kewayen gefenta da wuraren da ke da zafi. Suna tsammanin yanayin zafi na ranar Alhamis zai kasance "mai kyau" bayan zafin 38°C na ranar Laraba da iska mai ƙarfi ya hana ayyukan kashe gobara.
Ranar Alhamis, an ƙyale wasu mutane 84,000 su koma gida, bayan 60,000 da aka ba da izini ranar Talata.
A Spain, wadda ta ga mafi girman gobarar daji a tarihi a yammacin Madrid, jimillar hekta 207,000 sun kone a duk faɗin ƙasar, a cewar Effis. Wannan kusan sau biyar ne na matsakaicin wannan lokaci na shekara, amma har yanzu ƙasa da barnar da aka gani a ƙarshen Yuli a lokacin gobarar 2022.
Hukumomin yankin Madrid sun ce yanayin gobarar an ayyana shi a matsayin "tsayayye," amma mazauna gidaje bakwai har yanzu ba su iya komawa gida ba. Firayim Ministan Spain Pedro Sánchez ya sanar da ƙarshen dokar ta-baci ta ƙasa a yankunan Ávila da Madrid da safiyar ranar Alhamis.
Duk da haka, wata sabuwar gobara kusa da iyakar Portugal ta tilasta wa mutane 600 ficewa, in ji jami'ai. Aemet, hukumar yanayi ta Spain, ta yi hasashen yanayin zafi sama da 35°C ranar Alhamis a yawancin sassan cikin ƙasar, tare da wasu yankuna suna shirye-shiryen yanayin zafi na 40–42°C.
Gobarar daji a Faransa da Spain ta tilasta wa fiye da mutane 300,000 barin gidajensu da wuraren zama na yawon buɗe ido a wannan wata, wanda ya sa ƙasashen biyu suka nemi tallafin EU ta hanyar ma'aikatan kashe gobara, motocin kashe gobara, da jiragen sama da jirage masu saukar ungulu masu zubar da ruwa.
Ursula von der Leyen, shugabar Hukumar Tarayyar Turai, ta gode wa ma'aikatan kashe gobara don "jaruntaka da sadaukarwa" ranar Laraba, yayin da ma'aikatan da Romania da Girka suka aiko suka tsawaita zamansu. "Yayin da gobarar a Faransa da Spain ke ci gaba da lalata, haɗin kai na Turai ba shi da iyaka."
Jami'ai a cibiyar kula da rikice-rikice ta EU sun ce da safiyar ranar Laraba cewa makonni masu wahala suna gaba yayin da gobarar ke ta'azzara a Italiya da Girka. Daga baya a wannan rana, sashen kashe gobara na Girka ya sanar da mutuwar ma'aikatan kashe gobara biyu da ke yaƙi da gobara a tsibirin Crete, da wani a kudancin babban yankin.
Girka ta sami yanayi mai natsuwa na lokacin gobara ya zuwa yanzu, bisa ga bayanan Effis har zuwa 29 ga Yuli, tare da ƙananan gobara kaɗan fiye da yadda aka saba da kuma yanki da ya kone ƙasa da matsakaici.
A halin yanzu, Italiya da Portugal sun ga adadin gobara kusan rikodi, tare da wuraren da suka kone sama da matsakaici. Ya zuwa yanzu, waɗannan ƙasashe ba su fuskanci irin wannan girman barnar ba. Gobarar daji ta haifar da barna a Faransa da Spain, amma a Italiya a makon da ya gabata, wani ma'aikacin kashe gobara ya mutu yayin yaƙi da gobara mai zafi a Sicily.
Duba hoto cikin cikakken allo
Gobarar daji a tsibirin Crete na Girka ta kashe ma'aikatan kashe gobara biyu, kuma wani ya mutu yana yaƙi da gobara a kudancin babban yankin. Hoton: Reuters
Rushewar yanayi yana ƙara gobarar daji a duk faɗin Turai a wannan bazara. Jerin yanayin zafi kusan a jere sun bushe ciyayi, suna haifar da rarar man fetur mai yawa wanda ya mayar da ƙananan gobara zuwa manyan wuta.
Yayin ziyarar wani wurin umarni ranar Laraba, Firayim Ministan Spain Sánchez ya sake maimaita kiran sa na "yarjejeniya ta ƙasa" don magance gaggawar yanayi.
"Waɗannan gobara na iya farawa ko ba a fara su ta hanyar mutane ba, amma a kowane hali, suna girma da yawa saboda yanayin zafi, ƙarancin danshi, da yanayin yanayi da waɗannan manyan gobara ke haifarwa a cikin dazuzzukanmu," in ji shi.
Duba hoto cikin cikakken allo
Ma'aikatan kashe gobara a Cercosa, Portugal, suna yaƙi da gobarar daji a farkon wannan wata. Hoton: Paulo Cunha/EPA
Bincike mai sauri ya nuna cewa yanayin zafi na Yuni a yammacin Turai zai kasance "kusan ba zai yiwu ba" ba tare da rushewar yanayi ba. Matsayin bushewar ƙasa—wani muhimmin abu a cikin manyan gobara—ya zama mai yiwuwa sau biyar. Ana kiyasin waɗannan yanayin zafi sun kashe akalla mutane 10,000 kuma sun yi asarar manoman hatsi €2 biliyan (£1.7 biliyan) a cikin amfanin gona da suka ɓace.
Haɓakar yanayin zafi daga gurɓataccen iska daga man fetur ya zo daidai da raguwar yankunan karkara a kudancin Turai. Ana watsi da gonaki yayin da yawan jama'a ke tsufa kuma matasa ke ƙaura zuwa birane. Sakamakon girma na ciyayi ya haifar da ƙalubale ga ma'aikatan kashe gobara da masu binciken gobarar daji a duk faɗin Bahar Rum.
Tambayoyi da Aka Yi Yawa
Anan akwai jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawa game da yanayin wuta mai rikodi da martanin ma'aikatan kashe gobara a duk faɗin EU an tsara su ta hanyar jigo
Gabaɗaya Tambayoyi na Farko
1 Me yasa ake samun gobara da yawa a EU a yanzu
EU tana fuskantar yanayin zafi da fari mai rikodi Wannan yana haifar da yanayin wutazafi, bushewa, da iska wanda ke sa ciyayi su ƙone da sauri kuma gobara ta yadu da sauri
2 Menene ainihin yanayin wuta mai rikodi
Yana nufin haɗin yanayin zafi, ƙarancin danshi, da iska mai ƙarfi ya fi wani abu da muka taɓa gani a tarihi a wannan lokaci na shekara Waɗannan su ne yanayi masu kyau don gobarar daji ta fara kuma ta girma ba tare da iko ba
3 Shin wannan yana faruwa a duk Turai
Yana shafar Kudancin Turai sosai amma yanayin zafi da gobara kuma suna faruwa a Tsakiya har ma da Arewacin Turai saboda yanayin da ba a saba gani ba
4 Yaya ma'aikatan kashe gobara suke kashe irin waɗannan manyan gobara
Suna amfani da haɗin dabaru jiragen ruwa ma'aikatan ƙasa da bututun ruwa da kayan aiki da kuma ƙirƙirar wuraren hana wuta Hakanan suna amfani da manyan motoci na musamman da aka tsara don ƙasa mai wuya
Ci gaba Tambayoyi na Fasaha
5 Me yasa ba za su iya zubar da duk ruwan daga jiragen sama a kan gobara ɗaya ba
Ana amfani da zubar da ruwa don rage gobarar ba don kashe ta gaba ɗaya ba Zubar ɗaya yana sanyaya wuta kuma yana jika man fetur yana ba da damar ma'aikatan ƙasa su kusanci Kayan taimako ne ba mafita ba Gobarar tana da girma da yawa don a nutsar da ita daga sama
6 Menene EU ke yi don taimaka wa ƙasashen da suka sha wahala
EU tana da tsarin da ake kira shirin RescEU Yana sanya jiragen kashe gobara da jirage masu saukar ungulu a wuraren da ke da haɗari Idan ƙasa ta sha wahala za ta iya neman taimako kuma EU ta tsara aika jiragen sama, ma'aikata, da kayan aiki daga wasu ƙasashe membobin
7 Menene yanayin wuta kuma yaya ake auna shi
Wani ma'auni ne na kimiyya wanda ya haɗa yanayin zafi, danshi, saurin iska, da ruwan sama na kwanan nan FWI mafi girma yana nufin gobara ta fi yiwuwa ta fara kuma ta fi wuya a shawo kanta A yanzu waɗannan ma'auni suna kan matsayi mafi girma a kowane lokaci
