An haifi Ratko Mladić, wani janar na Serbia mai suna, wanda ke yanke masa hukuncin daurin rai da rai saboda kisan kare dangi da ya aikata a lokacin yakin Bosniya, ya mutu a gidan yari a The Hague, a cewar wani jami'in Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da lauyansa.
Mladić, mai shekaru 84, yana daya daga cikin manyan masu tsara manufar kawar da kabilanci a lokacin yakin Bosniya. An same shi da laifin kisan kare dangi saboda shirya kisan akalla Musulmai 8,000 a shekarar 1995 a yankin "mafi aminci" da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ayyana na Srebrenica, wanda shi ne mafi munin kisan gilla a Turai tun bayan yakin duniya na biyu.
Mladić, wanda ake yi wa lakabi da "Mai yankan Bosniya," ya kasance cikin rashin lafiya bayan ya sha fama da ciwon bugun jini da dama.
Wanda tsohon shugaban kare hakkin dan adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Zeid Ra'ad al-Hussein ya bayyana a matsayin "mafi munin mugunta" bayan yanke masa hukunci, Mladić ya kasance daya daga cikin fitattun mutane a yakin da ya kashe fiye da mutane 100,000 kuma ya bar sama da miliyan 1 marasa gida.
Ya umarci sojojinsa da su "ƙona kwakwalen" Musulman Bosniya kuma ya yi alfahari da kasancewarsa "allahn Serbia."
Labarin mutuwar Mladić an fara bayar da rahoton shi ne a gidan talabijin na kasar Serbia bayan da dansa Darko ya fara magana game da rashin lafiyar mahaifinsa.
An yanke wa Mladić hukuncin daurin rai da rai a shekarar 2017 daga wata kotun Majalisar Dinkin Duniya saboda kisan kare dangi da laifukan yaki da ya aikata a lokacin yakin Bosniya na shekarun 1990. An kama shi a Serbia a shekarar 2011 bayan shekaru 16 yana gudun hijira.
Kisan gilla a Srebrenica shi ne ƙarshen wani yaki mai muni da ya dauki fiye da shekaru uku, wanda a lokacin Mladić ya kula da kewaye babban birnin Bosniya, Sarajevo. Ana harbin birnin kullum da manyan bindigogi, tankuna, da kuma harbin bindiga, wanda ya kashe mutane 10,000.
Manufar shugabancin Serbia, wanda aka dora wa Mladić alhakin aiwatar da shi – kamar yadda Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya ta yanke hukunci a kan tsohuwar Yugoslavia (ICTY) – ita ce tilasta korar Musulman Bosniya, Croats, da sauran wadanda ba Sabiyawa ba don share filayen Bosniya don samar da babbar Serbia.
Kotun ta gano cewa Mladić, tare da marigayi shugaban Serbia Slobodan Milošević da kuma shugaban siyasar Sabiyawan Bosniya Radovan Karadžić, sun kasance cikin wata makarkashiya ta aikata laifi don aiwatar da shirin.
"Ban amince da wannan kotu ba," in ji Mladić a wani zaman kotun ICTY kan shari'arsa a shekarar 2014. Lokacin da aka yanke masa hukunci, ya yi ihu: "Wannan duk karya ne, ku duka maƙaryata ne!"
Yaƙin neman zabe na Serbia ya ƙare da munin Srebrenica lokacin da, bayan janyewar sojojin zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Holland, dubban maza da yara maza na Bosniya aka tattara, aka kashe su, aka kuma kwashe gawarwakinsu da injina a cikin kaburbura.
An yi fim din kewaye don nuna Mladić yana yabon "yan uwansa" kuma yana zagin sojojin zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wadanda suka amince da maganarsa na rashin gaskiya cewa mazauna garin za su kasance cikin aminci a hannunsa.
"Muna ba da wannan gari ga mutanen Serbia a matsayin kyauta," in ji Mladić a gaban kyamara, yana da'awar cewa nasarar ita ce ramuwar gayya ga Turkawa Musulmi, wadanda suka taba rike yankin a matsayin wani bangare na daular Ottoman.
Washegari, an nuna sojojin Mladić a fim suna ba yara alewa, suna yi musu alkawarin tafiya lafiya. A halin yanzu, dubban maza da yara maza ana shirya su don yanka.
Lokacin da Nato ta yi ƙoƙari a shekarar 1995 ta hana sojojinsa da barazanar hare-haren sama, sojojinsa sun kama sojojin zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a matsayin garkuwar mutane, suna daure su a wuraren da ake iya kaiwa hari.
Dan wani mayaki na yakin duniya na biyu da aka kashe a shekarar 1945, Mladić ya kasance jami'in Sojojin Jama'a na Yugoslavia. Sojojin Jama'a na gurguzu na Yugoslavia (JNA) sun riga sun kasance a wurin lokacin da Yugoslavia ta fara wargajewa a shekarar 1991. Lokacin da Sabiyawan Bosniya suka tashi a shekarar 1992 don adawa da yunkurin ballewa na Musulmin Bosniya, an zabi Mladić ya jagoranci sabuwar sojojin Sabiyawan Bosniya, wanda da sauri ya mallaki kashi 70% na kasar da ba ta da bakin teku. An kewaye garuruwa da dama da manyan makamai waɗanda suka kasance na JNA, kuma an ƙona ƙauyuka, yayin da sojoji 22,000 na Rundunar Kare Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suka tsaya, ba su da ƙarfi, bisa umarnin kada su ɗauki bangare.
Haɗin matsin lamba na Yamma, hare-haren Nato, da kuma boyayyun makamai da horo na Amurka ga Croats da Musulmai a hankali sun juya yakin a kan sojojin Mladić. Bayan yakin, Mladić ya ɓoye, kuma masu neman sauyi da ke mulkin Serbia bayan rikici ba su kuskura su tunkari mutumin da ya kasance gwarzo ga ƙungiyar Sabiyawan masu kishin kasa ba. Mladić ya ci gaba da cewa shi "mutum mai sauki" ne da aka zaba don kare mutanensa.
Lokacin da aka kama shi a ƙarshe a shekarar 2011, bai ba da juriya ba. Ya sha fama da bugun zuciya a shekarar 2013 kuma ya bayyana da tsufa fiye da shekarunsa. A cewarsa, yana jin kamar tsoho mai rauni. A wannan watan, wani likitan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya ce mutuwar Mladić "na iya faruwa a kowane lokaci," watakila cikin makonni, amma an sake ƙi bukatarsa na a sake shi.
Tambayoyi da Aka Yi Yawaita
Anan akwai jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawaita game da mutuwar Ratko Mladić da aka rubuta cikin yanayi na dabi'a, bayyananne, da kuma cike da bayanai
Bayani na Gabaɗaya
1 Wanene Ratko Mladić?
Ratko Mladić shi ne kwamandan soji na Sabiyawan Bosniya a lokacin yakin Bosniya. Ya jagoranci sojojin Sabiyawan Bosniya kuma daga baya wata kotun Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta same shi da laifin kisan kare dangi, laifukan yaki, da laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama.
2 Me ya sa ake kiransa da "Mai yankan Bosniya"?
Ya samu wannan lakabi ne saboda rawar da ya taka a mummunan kewaye na Sarajevo da kuma mafi shahara kisan gilla na Srebrenica a watan Yuli 1995 inda aka kashe sama da maza da yara maza 8,000 na Bosniak. Sunan yana nuna tsananin zalunci da kuma asarar fararen hula da ke da alaka da sojojinsa.
3 Menene rawar da ya taka a kisan gilla na Srebrenica?
Shi ne babban kwamandan sojojin Sabiyawan Bosniya da suka aikata kisan gilla. An gano cewa shi ne ya shirya kuma ya kula da aikin, wanda ya ƙunshi raba maza da yara maza daga iyalansu da kuma kashe su sannan a binne su a kaburbura.
4 Yaushe kuma a ina ya mutu?
Ya mutu a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu 2025 yana da shekaru 84. Ya rasu a asibitin gidan yari a The Hague, Netherlands, inda yake yanke masa hukuncin daurin rai da rai.
5 Shin yana yanke masa hukuncin daurin rai da rai ne?
E. A shekarar 2017, Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya ta yanke masa hukunci da laifin kisan kare dangi, laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama, da laifukan yaki. An yanke masa hukuncin daurin rai da rai kuma an ƙi daukaka kararsa a shekarar 2021.
Shari'arsa da Daure shi
6 Ta yaya aka kama shi bayan yakin?
Ya ɓoye fiye da shekaru goma. A ƙarshe an kama shi a shekarar 2011 a Serbia inda yake zaune da wata sunan karya, Milorad Komadi. Daga nan aka mika shi zuwa The Hague don a gurfanar da shi a gaban kotu.
7 Wane irin laifuka ne aka same shi da su?
An same shi da laifin:
Kisan kare dangi na kisan gilla na Srebrenica
Tsanantawa, halaka, da kuma kisa saboda kewaye na Sarajevo da sauran laifuka
An same shi da alhakin harbe-harbe da kuma harbin bindiga
