Ga a rubuta wannan a Hausa ba tare da ƙara, canza, ko ba da wata fassara ta daban ba:
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Bel din kagara na Ukraine ya ƙunshi garuruwa da biranen biyar da ke yin layin tsaro mai mahimmanci a kan ci gaban Rasha a Donbas. Tudun yankin, dazuzzuka, da kogunan Kryvyi Torets da Kazenyi Torets duk suna taimakawa wajen tsaro, amma babban cikas shi ne matsugunan birane da kansu. Ukraine tana tsoron cewa idan wannan bel din kagara ya fadi ko kuma aka bar shi, zai iya bude hanya—yanzu ko a nan gaba—ta cikin tsaunukan da ba su da yawa zuwa manyan biranen kamar Dnipro, Kharkiv, da Kyiv. Jaridar Guardian ta ziyarci bel din kagara, inda ragar hana jirage marasa matuki ta rufe hanyoyi da gine-gine, kuma sojoji da fararen hula duk suna rayuwa a karkashin barazanar harin Rasha.
A cikin karamin birnin Lyman na Ukraine, wani gungun igiyoyin fiber-optic da aka yi amfani da su sun rataye a saman gine-ginen. Ana amfani da wannan igiya don sarrafa muggan jirage marasa matuki da Rasha da Ukraine ke tura. Bayan shekaru na fada, ta yi yawa sosai har sabbin jirage marasa matuki ke kokarin tashi ta cikinsa. Suna kama cikin rikici. Tsuntsaye suna cire shi don gina gidajensu.
A karkashin filaye masu kyalli, gidajen kwana sun lalace sakamakon harin harsasai yayin da sojojin Moscow ke ci gaba da matsawa kowace rana don kwace birnin da suka rike na dan lokaci har sai da Ukraine ta kori su a shekarar 2022.
Kimanin fararen hula 1,000 da suka rage suna zaune a cikin ginshiki ba tare da wutar lantarki, iskar gas, ko ruwan famfo ba.
Lyman ita ce tashar arewa ta "bel din kagara," jerin garuruwa da biranen da ke da mahimmanci ga tsaron Ukraine a yankin Donbas. Ya zama alamar dabarar dogon lokaci ta Kyiv, ko da yake wani lokaci tana da rigima, na danne da gajiyar da sojojin Rasha a gabashin Ukraine a cikin yanayin birni da ke kewaye da bishiyoyi da koguna.
Duba hoto a cikin cikakken allo: Ana iya ganin ragar hana jirage marasa matuki a kan hanya tsakanin garuruwan 'bel din kagara' na Druzhkivka da Kostyantynivka. Hoton: Anatolii Stepanov/Reuters
Oleksandr Pavlovych, mai sayar da kayan lambu, ya gudu daga Lyman kwana daya kafin jaridar Guardian ta hadu da shi a cibiyar kwashe mutane a Sloviansk da ke kusa. Mahaifiyarsa mai shekaru 78 ta samu rauni a ciki sakamakon harsashi. Tsawon rana, ta mutu a hankali ba tare da taimako ba.
Ya binne ta a lambun, sannan ya dauki keke ya yi tafiyar mil 19 (kilomita 30) zuwa wani wuri mai aminci. Ya tsira daga haduwa da wani jirgin Rasha mai kallon mutum na farko (FPV) wanda ya fashe a kan ragar hana jirage da ke rufe hanya, inda baturin ya bugi idon sawunsa.
"Birnin ya lalace sosai," in ji shi yayin da yake tattara 'yan kayansa don komawa wani gida da ke kusa. "Dole ne ka je wurin shakatawa na tsakiya don samun damar samun siginar wayar hannu. Kuma a waje, jiragen suna ko'ina. Muna tsoron barin. Amma lokacin da mahaifiyata ta mutu, na ji tsoron zama ni kadai."
Duba hoto a cikin cikakken allo: Oleksandr Pavlovych tare da 'yan kayansa da ya yi nasarar tserewa da su daga Lyman. Hoton: Peter Beaumont/The Guardian
Wasu garuruwa da biranen Donbas, ciki har da Pokrovsk da Bakhmut, sun riga sun fadi bayan kawanya mai zubar da jini da ta shafe su daga taswira. Wasu kuma sun yi rawar jiki a kan iyaka.
Amma a watan Mayu, a karon farko tun bayan wani hari na Ukraine a shekarar 2023, Kyiv ta dawo da karin yanki fiye da yadda Rasha ta kama. Akwai alamun cewa guguwar yakin na iya canzawa a karshe—a yanzu—a kan Ukraine.
Hare-haren jirage marasa matuki na Ukraine sun kara lalata dogayen layukan samar da kayayyaki na Moscow a Donbas da kuma zuwa Crimea, kuma tsayin daka na bel din kagara ya cinye dimbin rayuka da kokarin Rasha. Yana daga cikin kashi 10% na Donbas da ba a karkashin ikon Rasha ba, wanda Rasha ta bukaci a matsayin wani bangare na duk wata yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya—yanayin da Ukraine ke tsoron zai bar biranen da ke yammacinta, ciki har da Dnipro da Kyiv, cikin hadari ga mamayewa a nan gaba.
Duba hoto a cikin cikakken allo: Wani mazaunin Druzhkivka da 'yan sanda ke kwashe shi. Hoton: Anadolu/Getty Images
An gano bel din kagara don karfin da zai iya samu a yayin wani mummunan mamayewar Rasha a karkashin magabacin Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Petro Poroshenko, a shekarar 2015—shekarar bayan da Rasha ta kwace Crimea kuma fada ya fara a gabashin Ukraine, abubuwan da Ukrainians ke gani a matsayin farkon yakin. Dabarar ta yi hasashen layin tsaro da ya dogara da manyan biranen hudu a lardin Donetsk da matsugunansu, wanda ke tafiyar mil 30 daga arewa zuwa kudu tare da babbar hanyar H-20 Kostyantynivka-Sloviansk.
Taswirar bel din kagara na Ukraine: Yankin ya kunshi tarin cibiyoyin birane masu yawa, galibi suna da manyan wuraren masana'antu da ke kusa da juna, da kuma yanayin kasa mai sarkakiya na koguna, dazuzzuka, da tudu masu tashi da ke taimaka wa masu tsaronsa.
A cikin wata takarda ta Afrilu kan muhimmancin bel din, cibiyar tunani ta Amurka Cibiyar Nazarin Yaki ta bayyana shi a matsayin "wanda aka inganta don tsaro a kusan kowane yanayi na sama da kasa" kuma ta ce yana ba Ukraine babbar fa'ida. "Babban farashin da Rasha ta biya a yakin Bakhmut ko yakin neman Pokrovsk zai zama karami idan aka kwatanta da wadanda ake bukata don kwace bel din kagara, idan aka yi la'akari da cewa sojojin Rasha za su iya yin nasara."
Gudun hare-haren Rasha ya karu sosai a 'yan makonnin da suka gabata, amma—a kalla a yanzu—sojojin Rasha ba su sami wani ci gaba na gaske ba, yayin da ake kara jefa rayuka da yawa a cikin "nikar nama" na Kremlin.
[Bayanin hoto: Hoton 2023 yana nuna masu ceto suna aiki a wani gidan kwana a Sloviansk wanda harin Rasha ya lalata wani bangare. Kiredit: Ihor Tkachov/AFP/Getty Images]
[Bayanin hoto: Sakamakon harin makamai masu linzami na Rasha a Sloviansk a watan Yuni 2026. Kiredit: Anadolu/Getty Images]
Yadda ake yin yaki ya canza gaba daya a tsawon wannan rikici, wanda ya fara da mamayewar Rasha a watan Fabrairu 2022 kuma ya riga ya dade fiye da yakin duniya na farko.
Rundunonin da suka zo yaki a wannan yanki don harin 2023 sun yi tafiya a cikin ayarin motocin farar hula da aka yi wa kama da sauri. Yanzu, suna tafiya ta cikin biranen da kuma kan gaba a cikin motocin da suke kama da wani abu daga fina-finan Mad Max masu ban tsoro—suna cike da karfe da aka yi da igiyoyin karfe masu nauyi don tayar da jiragen Rasha da wuri, ko kuma an rufe su da ragar waya don kariya.
A cikin dazuzzuka da filaye, katangar da a da suke da sauki sun zama manyan matakan cikas: ramukan tankokin yaki, shinge, da waya mai sarkakiya.
[Bayanin hoto: Motocin sojan Ukraine, wadanda aka sanya musu kejin hana jirage marasa matuki da waya, yanzu suna kama da motocin fina-finan Mad Max. Kiredit: Roman Pilipey/AFP/Getty Images]
Tare da wadannan shingen na jiki akwai eriya don gano jirage marasa matuki da matakan lantarki don kashe su, yayin da tituna da manyan sassan babbar hanya ke rufe da ramukan ragar hana jirage.
"Yakin ya canza tun [mamayewar 2022]," in ji Lt Col Shamil Krutkov, kwamanda a runduna ta 93 na Ukraine kuma tsohon soja a fadace-fadace a fadin Donbas, wanda jaridar Guardian ta hadu da shi a Kramatorsk.
Ya yarda cewa da yawa daga cikin sojoji sun yi shakka a tsawon shekaru game da kare bel din kagara da garuruwan da ke wajensa, amma ya ce dabarar ta ba Ukraine lokaci don daidaitawa da sabon nau'in yaki wanda jirage marasa matuki, mutummutumi na fagen daga, da kuma gano abubuwa daga nesa suka mamaye.
[Bayanin hoto: Ma'aikatan sojan Ukraine suna shigar da ragar hana jirage marasa matuki a kan hanya kusa da Sloviansk. Kiredit: Tommaso Fumagalli/EPA]
Sojojin Ukraine da kuke haduwa da su sun canza kuma. Inda a da sojojin kasa suke magana game da fada na kusa a cikin dazuzzuka da biranen, yanzu suna iya zama masu tuka jirage marasa matuki da ke fada daga nesa a kan layin gaba wanda ya zama "yankin kisa" da ake kallo sosai, inda duk wani yunkurin ci gaba a bayyane yake kuma yana da hadari mai kisa.
"Fasaha ta juya komai. Mun yi fadace-fadace masu tsanani a Donbas, amma wadannan lokutan wahala sun tilasta mana yin tunani da zama masu kirkire-kirkire," in ji Krutkov, yana kara da cewa yanzu babu wani wuri don yakin motsi da manyan sojoji. "Mu duka muna da fasaha iri daya," in ji shi. "Ban tabbata ko wani bangare yana da damar yin wani babban hari ba." Wannan matsala ce ga janar-janar na Rasha yayin da suke yin alkawarin sabbin nasarori nan ba da jimawa ba a kan wannan gaba, amma ba abu ne mai wahala ga masu tsaro ba.
[Bayanin hoto: Wani soja daga runduna ta 63 yana dauke da jirgi mara matuki. Kiredit: Rundunar Soja ta 63 na Sojojin Ukraine]
"Yanayin a tsawon shekaru," in ji Krutkov, "ya tafi daga fuskantar wani runduna ta Rasha zuwa wasu 'yan Rasha biyu suna kokarin shiga. Ina wasa cewa tun da yakin ya fara, mun tafi daga yin fada mai tsanani don kauyuka, biranen, da gundumomi, sannan ga dazuzzuka, zuwa yin fada don ramukan da sojojin Rasha ke son boyewa."
Mafi kyawun hasashensa na watanni masu zuwa shi ne cewa "yankin toka" mai kisa tsakanin sojojin zai fadada, yana barin sojojin Rasha sun makale a cikin laka.
Vadym, wani jami'i a runduna ta 63, wanda ke fada a ciki da wajen Lyman, ya yaba da nasarar bel din kagara ga sauye-sauyen soja da aka fara a shekarar 2024 wadanda suka inganta sojojin Ukraine. Sojojin yanzu sun fi iya hada kai a kan babban matsayi.
"A da, runduna guda za ta rike matsayinta kuma ta yi kokarin kare matsayinta, sai dai Rasha ta kewaye ta daga bangarorin biyu. Babu hadin kai, kuma makiya kullum suna neman gibi tsakanin rundunonin. Yanzu za ka iya jin bambanci. Ya fi kyau," in ji shi.
"Mun fara samar da wuraren kisa masu kyau. Mun share dazuzzuka, mun tona ramukan tankokin yaki, kuma mun shimfida waya da cikas ta amfani da bishiyoyi. Lokacin da makiya suka motsa, duk a fili yake... A cikin watanni shida da suka gabata a sashenmu, ba mu baiwa Rasha ko mita daya ba."
Duba hoto a cikin cikakken allo
Cikin garin Kramatorsk ya lalace sakamakon hare-haren Rasha akai-akai. Hoton: Francisco Richart/ZUMA Press Wire/Shutterstock
Babu wani daga cikin wannan da ke nufin cewa sojojin Rasha ba su ci gaba a wasu wurare ba. A Kostyantynivka, mafi kudu na bel din, sojojin Rasha yanzu suna rike gefen gabas na birnin. Gefen yamma, a hayin kogin Kryvyi Torets, ya zama yankin kisa yayin da kungiyoyin Rasha ke kokarin kutsawa cikin tsakiyar birnin. Wannan ci gaba ya zo da tsadar rayuka ga sojojin Rasha.
Ga sojojin Ukraine da fararen hula, tsadar kuma ta yi nauyi. A Sloviansk da Kramatorsk, masana'antu da gidajen kwana suna nuna barnar da hare-haren jirage marasa matuki da makamai masu linzami ke yi kullum. Tashoshin mai an rufe su da raga, famfunan mai an cika su da yashi, kuma an samar da matsugunan siminti ga ma'aikata da abokan ciniki.
Lokacin da jiragen FPV suka bayyana—sau da yawa a kowace rana—ana yin karar siren da ba ta daina ba, wanda ya bambanta da gargadin harin iska.
Masu kashe gobara suna kashe wuta bayan harin jirgi mara matuki a Kramatorsk
A Kramatorsk, bayan barin taron kasa da Krutkov, jaridar Guardian ta ga sakamakon wani harin da aka kai a wani gidan kwana da ke nesa da shi. Wani jirgin Shahed mai fuka-fuki ya buge shi, ya raunata mutane hudu.
Yulia Melnyk, mai shekaru 46, wacce ke zaune a ginin, tana da ra'ayin kaddara yayin da take share gidanta. Matakan da ke waje sun kone kuma suna da kamshin hayaki daga fashewar. "Wani lokaci hayaniyar tana tsorata ni. Amma idan na ji fashewar, ina raye kuma rayuwa tana ci gaba. Ta fashe a wani wuri," in ji ta. "Wani lokaci ina tunanin ina bukatar yin wani abu in koma. Amma bayan awa biyu, na canza ra'ayi. Kuma ga shi, gidana yana nan tsaye."
Sauran gine-gine a Sloviansk da Kramatorsk ba su yi sa'a ba, amma ragar jirage da matsugunan da aka sanya kwanan nan suna barin mazauna su yi siyayya, ciki har da kasuwannin bude. Duk da haka, ragar tana aiki ne kawai a kan kananan jirage kuma ba ta da kariya daga manyan Shahed da bama-bamai masu zamewa.
Duba hoto a cikin cikakken allo
Yulia Melnyk a cikin gidanta da jirgi mara matuki ya lalata a Kramatorsk. Hoton: Peter Beaumont/The Guardian
Amma gaba daya, Ukraine tana jin cewa bel din kagara yana tsayawa sosai a kan hare-haren Rasha. Tana ganin za ta iya tsayayya da bukatun Moscow na barin yanki don musanya da wani tsagaita wuta mara tabbas, wanda Kyiv ke ganin zai bar Rasha ta yi amfani da Donbas a matsayin tushe don hare-hare a nan gaba. Tsaron ya ba Kyiv lokaci don aiwatar da wasu dabaru, musamman hare-haren jirage marasa matuki kan layukan samar da kayayyaki zuwa Crimea da Donbas da aka mamaye, wadanda ke raunana ikon Moscow na ci gaba da ayyukanta.
Vadym, wanda rundunarsa ke fada a ciki da wajen Lyman, ya ce: "Makiya ba sa barin kokarin kai hari a Lyman da kafa kafa a can. Ayyukansu na bara shine su kwace Lyman zuwa Oktoba. Sai zuwa karshen sabuwar shekara. Sai Maris. Yanzu, zuwa karshen bazara."
Kare wani gari yana taimakawa wajen kare sauran, ko da yake Vadym ya lura cewa cibiyoyin birane da masana'antu masu alaka da juna na bel din kagara na iya zama duka karfi da rauni idan aka yanke hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki. "Babu shakka, idan muka rasa Lyman, matsala ce ga Sloviansk. Amma wannan idan..."
Ya lura da canji a yadda ake kallon dabarar a ko'ina a Ukraine, inda a baya akwai tambayoyi masu tsanani game da tsadar tsaron.
"Na tuna shekaru biyu da suka gabata, mutane suna ta tambayar me yasa muke rike wasu matsayi, ko da yake a bayyane yake," in ji shi. "Amma yanzu ya bambanta gaba daya. A lokacin sun ce, 'Me yasa muke rike wannan?' Me suke cewa yanzu? Akasin haka. Muna bukatar karfafa karfinmu don mu sami wani irin fa'ida ta dabara."
Fararen hula suna dauke da kayansu yayin kwashe Druzhkivka. Hoton: Anadolu/Getty Images
Tsadar rayuka—wanda galibi ana yin watsi da shi yayin da yakin ke ci gaba, tare da auna nasara da rashin nasara a cikin mita—yana nan.
A cibiyar kwashe mutane a Sloviansk, Lyudmilla, mai shekaru 68, da kawarta Tatiana sun riga sun tsere daga wani kauye mai nisan mil biyu daga layin gaba na Rasha.
Lyudmilla ta gaji kuma tana da rauni. Jiya, wani bam mai zamewa na Rasha ya buge gidanta, ya kashe mijinta da wasu mutane biyu, kuma ya yanke hannun makwabciyarta. "Na fito cikin gidan. Abin al'ajabi ne ban ji rauni ba. Tsawon shekaru biyu da suka gabata, muna zaune a cikin gidan karkashin kasa."
"Sojoji sun zo su taimaka su nemo mijina. Amma ya bace. Ba na jin lafiya a Sloviansk," in ji ta. "Muna jin fashewar a daren jiya kuma ba mu iya barci ba. Zan tafi yammacin kasar, inda dana, matarsa, da jikokina suke. Amma ina bukatar sanin abin da ya faru da mijina. Ba zan huta ba har sai na sani."
Hotunan tauraron dan adam daga Planet Labs PBC
Tambayoyin da Aka Yi Yawa
Ga jerin tambayoyin da ake yi akai-akai game da wuraren kisa da ragar jirage marasa matuki a cikin bel din kagara na Ukraine da aka rubuta cikin yanayin tattaunawa na halitta
Tambayoyi na Matakin Farko
1 Menene ainihin yankin kisa a wannan mahallin
Yankin kisa wani yanki ne na musamman da masu tsaro suka riga sun nuna makamansu a kansa Idan maharin ya shiga wannan yanki sai ya samu harbi daga bangarori da dama a lokaci guda An tsara shi don zama tarko mai kisa
2 Me yasa suke amfani da ragar jirage Shin ba don kama tsuntsaye ba
Ee suna kama da su amma wadannan raga ne masu nauyi da aka rataya a kan dogayen sanduna Aikin su shine hana kananan jirage masu kallon mutum na farko tashi kai tsaye zuwa cikin ramuka ko bunker don jefa bama-bamai
3 Menene babban manufar wannan bel na katanga
Don rage gudun harin Rasha Yana tilasta maharan su bi ta hanyoyi masu hadari na musamman yayin da yake kare sojojin Ukraine daga jirage marasa matuki don su iya yin fada na tsawon lokaci
4 Shin wannan yana kama da ramukan yakin duniya na farko
Kamar haka amma na zamani Babban ra'ayin tonowa iri daya ne amma yanzu dole ne ka damu da jiragen da ke tashi a saman kanka don haka katangar sun fi zurfi kuma sun hada da matakan hana jirage
5 Ta yaya sojoji za su tsira idan suna tsaye a karkashin ragar jirgi
Ragar tana haifar da shinge na jiki Jirgin da ke kokarin jefa bam a kansu zai kama a cikin ragar ya fadi ko kuma ya tashi sama sosai har ya kasa nufa daidai
Tambayoyi na Ci gaba da Fasaha
6 Ta yaya za ka tsara yankin kisa don makiya ba za su iya zagaya shi ba
Wuraren kisa an yi su ne a matakai Ana sanya su a wuraren da ake takurawa kuma ana rufe su da harbin bindiga da manyan bindigogi masu yawa Idan ka yi kokarin zagaya, kawai za ka shiga wani yankin kisa
7 Menene ainihin ragar jirage da aka yi da su Shin suna hana dukkan jirage
Yawanci ana yin su ne da nailon ko polyethylene mai kauri kamar ragar kamun kifi mai nauyi Suna hana kananan jiragen FPV da na leken asiri Manyan jiragen soja sun yi girma da nauyi amma galibi ana harbe su da bindigogin kariya ta iska
8 Shin ragar jirage ba za su fashe da manyan bindigogi ba
Ee suna da rauni Shi ya sa ake yin su da yawa kuma ana maye gurbinsu akai-akai Sojoji suna gyara su da dare ko kuma su maye gurbin sassan da suka lalace
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