Wani sabon bincike ya nuna cewa amincewar Turawa ga "tabbacin tsaro" na Amurka ya kai matsayi mafi ƙanƙanta. A cikin ƙasashe 15, mutum ɗaya ne kawai cikin goma ke ganin Amurka a matsayin abokiyar ƙawance, kuma mafi yawan mutane a kowace ƙasa suna shakkar cewa za ta taimaka musu idan an kai musu hari.
Binciken, wanda Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Waje ta Turai (ECFR) ta fitar a ranar Laraba kafin manyan tarurrukan G7 da NATO a Faransa da Turkiyya a cikin makonni masu zuwa, ya bayyana "rashin amincewa mai zurfi na Turawa ga Amurka," a cewar marubutan.
Hakanan ya nuna cewa yayin da Turawa da yawa suka yi imanin cewa dangantaka da Washington za ta inganta da zarar Donald Trump ya bar mulki, suna ƙara shirye don kare kansu daga rashin dogaron Amurka ta hanyar ƙarfafa tsaron Turai a halin yanzu.
Rahoton ya ce ayyukan shugaban Amurka a Gabas ta Tsakiya, barazanar da ya yi game da Greenland, shirye-shiryen janye sojoji daga sansanonin Turai, da shakku game da makomar NATO sun kuma haifar da haɓakar aiki a Turai.
"A duk faɗin nahiyar, akwai goyon baya bayyananne don rage dogaro ga Washington," in ji Jana Kobzová, marubuciya kuma babbar jami'ar manufofi a ECFR. "Turawa suna ƙara buɗe ido ga ƙarin kashe kuɗi na tsaro, kuma mahimmanci, suna nuna matakin amincewa mai ban mamaki cewa ƙasashe makwabta za su taimaka musu a cikin rikici."
Paweł Zerka, abokin marubucin Kobzová kuma babban jami'in manufofi a ECFR, ya ce buƙatar jama'a bayyananne don ƙarin dogaro da kai da kuma buƙatar kariya daga tabbacin tsaro na Amurka sun "ƙirƙiri taga ga shugabannin Turai don ci gaba da sauri" kan tsaro.
Binciken, wanda ya dogara da binciken da aka gudanar a watan Mayu a Austria, Bulgaria, Denmark, Estonia, Faransa, Jamus, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, da UK, ya gano cewa matsakaicin kashi 11% kawai na masu amsa a duk ƙasashe yanzu suna ganin Amurka a matsayin abokiyar ƙawance "mai raba muradunmu da dabi'unmu."
Wannan ya kwatanta da kashi 16% watanni shida da suka gabata da kashi 22% a watan Nuwamba 2024. Ra'ayin da aka fi sani shine cewa Amurka yanzu "abokiyar haɗin gwiwa ce mai mahimmanci," kodayake kashi 13% na Turawa sun ce suna ganin Amurka a matsayin abokiyar hamayya kuma kashi 12% a matsayin abokiyar gaba kai tsaye.
Mafi yawan mutane a kowace ƙasa ba su da tabbacin cewa Amurka za ta taimaka musu idan an kai musu hari. Sai dai a Bulgaria, yawancin mutane—ciki har da ƙasashe masu manyan jam'iyyun dama kamar Faransa, Italy, Netherlands, da Sweden—sun yi imanin cewa "aƙalla wasu ƙasashen Turai" za su taimaka musu a irin wannan yanayi.
Binciken ya gano cewa Turawa yanzu, a matsakaici, sun fi kashi 4% goyon bayan ƙarin kashe kuɗi na tsaro na ƙasa fiye da bara, inda Italy ce kawai ƙasa inda mafi rinjaye ke ci gaba da adawa.
A matsakaici, kashi 47% na masu amsa sun goyi bayan ra'ayin rancen gama gari na EU don tallafawa ƙarin kashe kuɗi na tsaro, tare da kashi 35% na adawa. Goyon baya ya fi ƙarfi a Portugal (59%), Denmark (56%), Netherlands (55%), da Spain.
A kusan kowace ƙasa da aka bincika, yawancin masu amsa sun ce ƙasarsu ta rage dogaro da kayan aikin soja na Amurka, inda masu goyon bayan "saya na Turai" suka fi yawa a Denmark (75%), Netherlands (72%), Sweden (70%), Portugal (69%), Faransa (66%), Switzerland (64%), UK da Spain (duka 62%).
Duk da haka, akwai ƙarancin goyon baya ga yanke kashe kuɗi na cikin gida don biyan ƙarin kasafin tsaro na ƙasa, inda adawa ta fi ƙarfi a Italy (63%), Austria (59%), Jamus (56%), Spain (54%), da Denmark (52%).
Hakanan akwai ƙaramin goyon baya (29%) don maye gurbin NATO da sabuwar ƙungiyar tsaro ta EU kaɗai. Ra'ayin da ya fi rinjaye a kusan kowace ƙasa sai Bulgaria shine cewa dangantakar Amurka da Turai za ta "yi kyau" da zarar Trump ya bar mulki—ra'ayin da kashi 60% ko fiye ke da shi a Faransa, Spain, Denmark, Netherlands, da Sweden.
Duk da hauhawar farashin makamashi, kashi 44% na Turawa sun ce zai zama "mummunan" ko "mummunan sosai" ra'ayin sake shigo da mai da iskar gas daga Rasha.
Duk da haka, burin Ukraine na shiga EU yana ci gaba da raba ra'ayin Turawa. A ƙasashe kamar Hungary, Bulgaria, Austria, Jamus, har ma da Estonia—ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu goyon bayan Kyiv—mutane da yawa suna adawa da barin Ukraine ta shiga "a halin yanzu" fiye da waɗanda ke goyon bayan hakan.
Tambayoyi da Aka Yi Yawa
Anan akwai jerin tambayoyi da aka yi yawa dangane da binciken cewa Mutum ɗaya kawai cikin goma na Turawa yanzu suna ganin Amurka a matsayin abokiyar ƙawance
Tambayoyi na Matakin Farko
Q Menene binciken yake nufi da abokiyar ƙawance?
A Abokiyar ƙawance ita ce ƙasar da za ka iya dogara da ita don tallafi musamman a lokutan rikici ko matsala. Yana nufin amintaccen haɗin gwiwa, ba kawai dangantakar kasuwanci ba.
Q Wannan bincike ne na gaske? Wanene ya yi shi?
A E, bincike ne na gaske. Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Waje ta Turai, wata cibiyar bincike da ke nazarin siyasa da manufofin waje na Turai, ce ta gudanar da shi.
Q Menene "mutum ɗaya cikin goma" yake nufi?
A Yana nufin idan ka tambayi Turawa 100 ba zato ba tsammani, kusan 10 ne kawai za su ce suna ganin Amurka a matsayin abokiyar ƙawance mai dogaro. Sauran 90 za su ga Amurka a matsayin mai fafatawa, abokiyar hamayya, ko kuma abokiyar haɗin gwiwa mai mahimmanci.
Q Wannan yana nufin Turawa sun ƙi Amurka?
A Ba lallai ba. Yana nufin ba su amince da Amurka a matsayin abokiyar ƙawance mai dogaro na dogon lokaci. Turawa da yawa har yanzu suna son al'ada da mutanen Amurka, amma ba su amince da yanke shawarar gwamnatin Amurka ba.
Tambayoyi na Matsakaicin Mataki
Q Me yasa wannan lamba ta ragu sosai?
A Manyan dalilan sun haɗa da rashin jituwa kan harajin kasuwanci, janyewar Amurka daga yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, da rashin kwanciyar hankali a manufofin waje na Amurka. Yaƙin Ukraine kuma ya nuna fifiko daban-daban tsakanin Amurka da Turai.
Q Idan ba abokiyar ƙawance ba, menene Turawa suke ganin Amurka?
A Yawancin suna ganin Amurka a matsayin abokiyar haɗin gwiwa mai mahimmanci ko abokiyar hamayya. Abokiyar haɗin gwiwa mai mahimmanci yana nufin dole ne ka yi aiki da su a kan wasu abubuwa amma ba ka amince da su gaba ɗaya ba. Abokiyar hamayya yana nufin kuna fafatawa da su don tasiri ko ƙarfin tattalin arziki.
Q Wannan binciken ya haɗa da UK?
A E, ya haɗa da duk ƙasashen EU da kuma UK. Abin sha'awa, ra'ayin Birtaniyya sau da yawa yana ɗan fi kyau ga Amurka fiye da matsakaicin Turai, amma har yanzu ya yi ƙasa da na da.
Q Wannan game da Donald Trump ne kawai ko kuma yanayin dogon lokaci ne?
