@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff2) format("woff2"),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff) format("woff"),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.ttf) format("truetype");
font-weight: 300;
font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff) format("woff"),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.ttf) format("truetype");
font-weight: 300;
font-style: italic;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.woff2) format("woff2"),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.woff) format("woff"),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.ttf) format("truetype");
font-weight: 400;
font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-RegularItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-RegularItalic.woff) format("woff"),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-RegularItalic.ttf) format("truetype");
font-weight: 400;
font-style: italic;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff2) format("woff2"),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff) format("woff"),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.ttf) format("truetype");
font-weight: 500;
font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff) format("woff"),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.ttf) format("truetype");
font-weight: 500;
font-style: italic;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Semibold.woff2) format("woff2"),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Semibold.woff) format("woff"),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Semibold.ttf) format("truetype");
font-weight: 600;
font-style: normal;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-SemiboldItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-SemiboldItalic.woff) format("woff"),
url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-SemiboldItalic.ttf) format("truetype");
font-weight: 600;
font-style: italic;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https:@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:900;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BlackItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BlackItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BlackItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:900;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Titlepiece;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-titlepiece/noalts-not-hinted/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-titlepiece/noalts-not-hinted/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-titlepiece/noalts-not-hinted/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:normal}@media (min-width: 71.25em){.content__main-column--interactive{margin-left:160px}}@media (min-width: 81.25em){.content__main-column--interactive{margin-left:240px}}.content__main-column--interactive .element-atom{max-width:620px}@media (max-width: 46.24em){.content__main-column--interactive .element-atom{max-width:100%}}.content__main-column--interactive .element-showcase{margin-left:0}@media (min-width: 46.25em){.content__main-column--interactive .element-showcase{max-width:620px}}@media (min-width: 71.25em){.content__main-column--interactive .element-showcase{max-width:860px}}.content__main-column--interactive .element-immersive{max-width:1100px}@media (max-width: 46.24em){.content__main-column--interactive .element-immersive{width:calc(100vw - var(--scrollbar-width, 0px));position:relative;left:50%;right:50%;margin-left:calc(-50vw + var(--half-scrollbar-width, 0px))!important;margin-right:calc(-50vw + var(--half-scrollbar-width, 0px))!important}}@media (min-width: 46.25em){.content__main-column--interactive .element-immersive{transform:translate(-20px);width:calc(100% + 60px)}}@media (max-width: 71.24em){.content__main-column--interactive .element-immersive{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}}@media (min-width: 71.25em){.content__main-column--interactive .element-immersive{transform:translate(0);width:auto}}@media (min-width: 81.25em){.content__main-column--interactive .element-immersive{max-width:1260px}}.content__main-column--interactive p,.content__main-column--interactive ul{max-width:620px}.content__main-column--interactive:before{position:absolute;top:0;height:calc(100% + 15px);min-height:100px;content:""}@media (min-width: 71.25em){Ka'idodin CSS suna bayyana salo don shimfidu na labarai masu mu'amala, gami da iyakoki, tazara, da abubuwan watsa labarai. Suna kula da maki masu amsawa, siffofin bidiyo, rubutun bayani, da tsarin launi na yanayin duhu. Salo ɗin kuma suna daidaita tazara da gefe don abubuwan atom, layukan kwance, da sakin layi a cikin babban ginshiƙin abun ciki.Rubutun da ka bayar CSS ne, ba rubutun adabi ba, don haka babu Ingilishi na halitta da za a sake rubutawa. Saitin zaɓi ne da ke amfani da tazara ta sama ta 14px da salon faɗuwar harafi ga sakin layi na farko da ke biye da wasu abubuwa (kamar farkon sinadarin atom, ƙofar shiga, ko layin kwance) a cikin kwantena daban-daban kamar jikin labari, jikin sharhi, da jikin fasali.Ba zan iya sake rubuta wannan a matsayin rubutun Ingilishi mai gudana ba—yanki ne na lambar CSS (zaɓi, kaddarori, da tambayoyin watsa labarai), ba rubutun harshe na halitta ba. Babu wata hanya mai ma'ana ta juya shi zuwa jimloli ba tare da lalata aikinsa ba.
Idan kana nufin liƙa wani rubutu na daban, jin daɗin raba shi kuma zan sake rubuta maka shi.Wannan lambar CSS tana bayyana shimfida mai amsawa don kanun labarai, kanun labarai, bayanan meta, standfirsts, da hotuna. Yana amfani da CSS Grid don tsara waɗannan abubuwa a faɗin girman allo daban-daban, tare da maki a 61.25em, 71.25em, da 81.25em. Shimfidar tana daidaita tsarin ginshiƙi da layi, tana ƙara iyakoki, kuma tana salo hanyoyin haɗi da siffofi accordingly..furniture-wrapper #standfirst:before,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst]:before{left:-.5px}}.furniture-wrapper .article-header .content__labels>div,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=title] .content__labels>div{padding-top:2px}.furniture-wrapper #headline h1,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=headline] h1,.furniture-wrapper .headline h1{font-weight:600;max-width:620px;font-size:32px}@media (min-width: 71.25em){.furniture-wrapper #headline h1,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=headline] h1,.furniture-wrapper .headline h1{max-width:540px;font-size:50px}}@media (min-width: 46.25em){.furniture-wrapper .keyline-4,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=lines]{margin-right:0}}@media (min-width: 61.25em){.furniture-wrapper .keyline-4,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=lines]{display:none}}.furniture-wrapper .keyline-4 svg,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=lines] svg{stroke:var(--headerBorder)}@media (min-width: 46.25em){.furniture-wrapper #meta,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta]{margin-right:0}}.furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social,.furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social ul li a span,.furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__comment,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social ul li a span,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__comment{border-color:var(--headerBorder)}.furniture-wrapper #meta .content__meta-container_dcr>div>gu-island,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .content__meta-container_dcr>div>gu-island{display:none}.furniture-wrapper .standfirst,.furniture-wrapper #standfirst,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst]{margin-left:-10px;padding-left:10px;position:relative}@media (min-width: 46.25em){.furniture-wrapper .standfirst,.furniture-wrapper #standfirst,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst]{padding-top:2px}}.furniture-wrapper .standfirst p,.furniture-wrapper #standfirst p,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst] p{font-weight:400;font-size:20px;padding-bottom:14px}.furniture-wrapper #main-media,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media]{position:relative;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:2px;grid-area:portrait}.furniture-wrapper #main-media div div,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media] div div{width:100%;margin-inline:0}@media (min-width: 61.25em){.furniture-wrapper #main-media,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media]{margin-bottom:0}}@media (max-width: 46.24em){.furniture-wrapper #main-media,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media]{width:calc(100vw - var(--scrollbar-width, 0px));margin-left:-10px}}@media (max-width: 46.24em) and (min-width: 30em){.furniture-wrapper #main-media,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media]{margin-left:-20px}}.furniture-wrapper figcaption{position:absolute;bottom:0;padding:4px 10px 12px;background-color:var(--captionBackground);color:var(--captionText);max-width:unset;margin-bottom:0;min-height:46px}.furniture-wrapper figcaption span{color:var(--headerBorder)}.furniture-wrapper figcaption span svg{fill:var(--headerBorder)}.furniture-wrapper figcaption span:nth-of-type(1){display:none}.furniture-wrapper figcaption span:nth-of-type(2){display:inline;max-width:90%}@media (min-width: 30em){.furniture-wrapper figcaption{padding:4px 20px 12px}}.furniture-wrapper figcaption.hidden{opacity:0}.furniture-wrapper #caption-button{display:block;position:absolute;bottom:10px;right:8px;z-index:30;background-color:var(--captionBackground);border:none;border-radius:50%;padding:6px 5px 5px}.furniture-wrapper #caption-button svg{transform:scale(.85)}@media (min-width: 30em){.furniture-wrapper #caption-button{right:10px}}@media (min-width: 71.25em){.content__main-column--interactive:before{top:-12px!important;height:calc(100% + 24px)!important}}.content__main-column--interactive h2{max-width:620px}@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark){:root:root:not([data-color-scheme=light]){--follow-text: #dcdcdc;--follow-icon-fill: var(--darkmode-pillar);--standfirst-text: #dcdcdc;--standfirst-link-text: var(--darkmode-pillar);--standfirst-link-border: var(--darkmode-pillar);--byline: var(--darkmode-pillar)}}:root{--new-pillar-colour: var( --darkmode-pillar, var(--darkModeFeature) ) !important;--headerBorderColor: #606060;--darkModeFeature: #ff5943;--darkBackground: #1a1a1a}nav+section{display:none}nav+aside{display:none}aside+section{display:none}.furniture-wrapper{background-color:var(--darkBackground);margin:0 -10px;padding:0 10px 4px}@media (min-width: 30em){.furniture-wrapper{margin:0 -20px;padding:0 20px 8px}}@media (min-width: 61.25em){.furniture-wrapper{padding:0 20px}}@media (min-width: 81.25em){.furniture-wrapper:before{content:"";width:calc((100vw - 1298px)/2);height:100%;position:absolute;left:calc((100vw - 1298px)/-2);background-color:var(--darkBackground);border-right:1px solid var(--headerBorderColor)}.furniture-wrapper:after{content:"";width:calc((100vw - 1298px)/2);height:100%;position:absolute;right:calc((100vw - 1298px)/-2);background-color:var(--darkBackground)}}.furniture-wrapper .article-header,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=title] a,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=title] span{color:var(--new-pillar-colour, --darkModeFeature)}@media (min-width: 61.25em){.furniture-wrapper #headline>div:first-child,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=headline]>div:first-child,.furniture-wrapper .headline>div:first-child{border-top:1px solid var(--headerBorderColor)}}.furniture-wrapper #headline h1,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=headline] h1,.furniture-wrapper .headline h1{font-weight:700;color:#dcdcdc}.furniture-wrapper #headline figure,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=headline] figure,.furniture-wrapper .headline figure{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:2px}@media (min-width: 71.25em){.furniture-wrapper #meta:before,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta]:before{background-color:var(--headerBorderColor)}}.furniture-wrapper #meta details,.furniture-wrapper #meta summary,.furniture-wrapper #meta summary span,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] details,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] summary,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] summary span{color:#dcdcdc}.furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social a,.furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social button,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social a,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social button{border-color:var(--headerBorderColor);color:var(--new-pillar-colour, --darkModeFeature)}.furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social a svg,.furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social button svg,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social a svg,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social button svg{fill:var(--new-pillar-colour, --darkModeFeature)}.furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social a:hover,.furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social button:hover,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social a:hover,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social button:hover{color:var(--darkBackground);background-color:var(--new-pillar-colour, --darkModeFeature)}.furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social a:hover svg,.furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social button:hover svg,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social a:hover svg,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social button:hover svg{fill:var(--darkBackground)}.furniture-wrapper #meta div,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] div{color:#dcdcdc}.furniture-wrapper #meta a,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] a{color:var(--new-pillar-colour, --darkModeFeature)}.furniture-wrapper #meta a:hover,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] a:hover{color:var(--new-pillar-colour, --darkModeFeature);text-decoration-color:var(--new-pillar-colour, --darkModeFeature)}.furniture-wrapper .standfirst a,.furniture-wrapper .standfirst li a,.furniture-wrapper #standfirst a,.furniture-wrapper #standfirst li a,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst] a,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst] li a{border-bottom:none;color:var(--new-pillar-colour, --darkModeFeature);background-image:none!important;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:6px;text-decoration-color:var(--headerBorder, #dcdcdc);text-decoration-thickness:1px}.furniture-wrapper .standfirst a:hover,.furniture-wrapper .standfirst li a:hover,.furniture-wrapper #standfirst a:hover,.furniture-wrapper #standfFirst, links in list items and standfirst sections should have no bottom border, with the underline color set to the pillar colour or dark mode feature colour. Paragraphs inside the standfirst should be light grey (#dcdcdc).
On wider screens (at least 61.25em), the first paragraph of the standfirst gets a top border in the header border colour. On even wider screens (at least 71.25em), that top border is removed.
List items in the standfirst should also be light grey (#dcdcdc).
On screens at least 71.25em wide, the standfirst's pseudo-element background should use the header border colour.
Starting at 46.25em, the furniture wrapper gets decorative side panels. These are full-height, positioned at the top, with a dark background and a border on the inner edge. Their width and position are calculated based on the viewport width minus the scrollbar and a fixed content width (738px at this breakpoint). This fixed width increases at larger breakpoints: 978px at 61.25em, 1138px at 71.25em, and 1298px at 81.25em.
SVG elements in the keyline and lines sections should have their stroke set to the header border colour.
In the meta section, the social icons, comment elements, and related borders should all use the header border colour.
H2 headings in the article body should have a font weight of 200, but if they contain a strong tag, the weight becomes 700.
Lists inside elements marked to hide in print layout should have no background image.
When the rendering target is set to apps, several CSS variables are defined: follow text and standfirst text are light grey (#dcdcdc); follow icon fill, standfirst link text, standfirst link border, and byline use the pillar colour; article meta lines use the header border colour; and byline uses the dark mode pillar colour.
In the apps rendering target, byline spans should use the pillar colour. A byline span containing a div next to a FollowWrapper element should have a background image made of the header border colour.Fiye da mata 1,000 sun saka jari a cinikin bayi, suna ƙalubalantar imanin da aka saba cewa mata masu karɓar amfani ne kawai waɗanda galibi suka yi gwagwarmaya don kawar da shi. Masu bincike sun gano cewa mata sun saya, sun sayar, kuma sun yi dillanci hannun jari a Kamfanin Royal African, Kamfanin South Sea, da sauran ayyukan daban-daban, suna amfani da ribar da aka samu daga cinikin bayi na Afirka don samun 'yancin kai na kuɗi da tallafa wa iyalansu. A lokacin da aka rushe RAC, wanda ya yi cinikin kusan bayi 150,000, a shekara ta 1752, mata sun kasance kusan kashi 10% na masu hannun jari. Rajista na Masu Cinikin Bayi na Biritaniya, wanda aka bayyana shi kaɗai a cikin Guardian, ya nuna cewa mata daga kowane matakin al'umma sun taka rawar gani wajen ba da kuɗi da ci gaba da cinikin bayi na Afirka ta Atlantika.
A ƙarni na 17 da 18, ana yawan zana attajiran Turai tare da yara baƙi bayi a matsayin bayi. Wannan hoton yana nuna Countess na Dysart, wata matashiya da ake tsammani ita ce Lady Frances Tollemache, da wani matashi baƙo bawa, kusan shekara ta 1740.
Masu saka jari sun kasance daga sarauniya da gimbiya zuwa manyan mutane masu daraja, 'yan kasuwa, masu shago, da makiyayan shanu. Taskokin sun haɗa da wasiƙu da mata ke tattauna ribar "hannun jarin Afirka," yayin da bayanan kamfani suka nuna wata mai saka jari, Helen Gladman, tana neman RAC ta yi jigilar wata yarinya 'yar Afirka daga Tsibirin Sherbro, kusa da Saliyo, zuwa Ingila don yin hidima a gidanta. Masu bincike sun gano mata suna da hannu "a kusan kowane mataki" na ayyukan kamfanin. Sun kasance dillalai, suna ba da kayayyaki da suka haɗa da ganga da takuba da ake ciniki a gabar tekun Afirka ta Atlantika, suna kula da dukiyar kamfanin, kuma suna amfani da hanyoyin sadarwar iyali da zamantakewa don ƙarfafa kuɗin kamfanin da tasirin siyasa.
Lila O'Leary Chambers, malami a Jami'ar Cambridge wanda ya yi bincike kan shigar mata a aikin rajista, ya ce: "Wannan binciken yana nuna da gaske cewa wannan ba wai kawai abin da ya faru sau ɗaya ba ne. A duk faɗin Kamfanin Royal African da nau'ikansa daban-daban, akwai mata da ke ba da gudummawa ta kuɗi kuma suna tsammanin riba ta kuɗi daga cinikin bayi."
Mata sun saka jari tun farkon shekarun bauta, daga goyon bayan Sarauniya Elizabeth I a shekarun 1560 zuwa lamunin £1,000 na Lady Elizabeth Craven wanda ya ba da kuɗin tafiya zuwa Gambia ta Kamfanin Guinea. Wasu masu saka jari, waɗanda ba su iya rubuta sunayensu ba, sun sanya hannu a bayanan kamfanin da "X" mai kama da gizo-gizo. Binciken ya gano mata masu saka jari 1,100 a cikin tarihin RAC, Kamfanin South Sea, da sauran ayyukan daban-daban, ko da yake ainihin adadin zai iya kasancewa mafi girma. Daga cikin mata 457 da aka iya gano matsayin aurensu, kusan rabinsu mata ne da mazansu suka mutu kuma fiye da 42% ba su yi aure ba. Daga cikin 7% da suka yi aure, yawancinsu manyan mutane ne. Ga da yawa, waɗannan jarin sun kasance mahimmanci don samun 'yancin tattalin arziki. "Suna yanke shawarar saka jari, ko kuma sun gaji hannun jari kuma ba zato ba tsammani sun sami wannan wata dukiya da ba su da ita a baya," in ji Chambers.
Sarah Longrich ta karɓi canja wurin £100 daga George Mordaunt a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1720. An nuna sashen da ke ambaton hannun jarinta a Kamfanin Royal African. Da ba ta iya rubuta sunanta ba, Longrich ta sanya alama a shafin maimakon.
Wasu sun zama ƴan kasuwa masu aiki kuma suna cinikin hannun jari ga abokai da iyali, in ji ta. "Ba aikin da za su gan shi ba ne, amma muna iya tunani: wannan ya zama aikinka." Chambers ta ce binciken yana ƙalubalantar labarin da aka saba da shi kai tsaye cewa "mata farar fata suna shigowa a lokacin kawar da bauta, suna ganin wahalar bayi, suna danganta da wannan zalunci, sannan suna aiki ko don gyara ko a ƙarshe kawar da cinikin bayi da bauta kanta." Aikin da za a juya wannan kuskuren yana dogara ne akan shekaru da yawa na ilimi daga masana tarihi daga Caribbean da yammacin Afirka, ciki har da Eric Williams, Elsa Goveia da Walter Rodney. Ƙarin ayyukan jama'a na kwanan nan, kamar tarihin Legacies of British Slavery wanda masana tarihi a Kwalejin Jami'ar London suka haɗa, sun taimaka wajen kawo wannan tarihin ga mutane da yawa. Tarihin ya nuna cewa mata suna cikin waɗanda suka mallaki bayi kuma suka karɓi diyya bayan an kawar da bauta a yawancin daular a 1833, in ji ta. Bayin ba su karɓi komai ba.
"Amma wannan yana ba da labari mai tsawo da yawa, kuma hakan yana taimaka mana mu wuce labari mai sauƙi wanda ke sanya mata a tarihi a matsayin waɗanda ba su da rikitarwa fiye da yadda suka kasance."
Ga Chambers, tattara fiye da sunaye 1,000 shi kansa "bugun ciki ne," saboda akwai ƙarancin irin wannan bayani game da matan Afirka bayi.
"Masana tarihi da masu fafutuka sun yi gwagwarmaya sosai don nemo sunayen bayi, dawo da labarun rayuwarsu, da ba da fahimtar duniyarsu," in ji Chambers.
"Damar yin irin wannan bincike ga mutanen da suka saka jari abu ne mai ban mamaki sosai."
Olivette Otele, fitaccen farfesa na gado da tunawa da bauta a Jami'ar Soas ta London, ta ce ko da yake rashin cikakken bayani game da matan Afirka bayi har yanzu abin mamaki ne, "yawan da muka sani game da masu b
