Shekaru arba'in da suka wuce, lokacin da rabbi mai tsattsauran ra'ayi Meir Kahane ya lashe kujera guda a Majalisar Dokokin Isra'ila (Knesset), sauran 'yan majalisa sun zartar da doka don hana shi sake tsayawa takara, sun fita lokacin da ya tashi don yin magana, kuma sun yi aiki tare don toshe tattaunawa kan shawarwarinsa na kabilanci. Waɗannan sun haɗa da korar Falasɗinawa da yawa zuwa matakan wariyar launin fata kamar rairayin bakin teku daban-daban da kuma mayar da jima'i tsakanin Yahudawa da waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba laifi. A wannan watan, magadan siyasar Kahane na iya lashe kujeru da yawa a Knesset a zaɓen ƙasa fiye da abin da ya rage na jam'iyyar Labour da ta taɓa zama mai ƙarfi—jam'iyyar Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres, da Golda Meir.
A wani taron yaƙin neman zaɓe a wannan makon, ministan tsaron cikin gida na Isra'ila, Itamar Ben-Gvir, ya haɗa kira ga tsarkakewar kabilanci da barkwanci game da yunwar fursunonin Falasɗinawa tare da labari mai alfahari game da hukuncin da aka yanke masa a 1998 kan lambobin mota da suka karanta "Rabbi Kahane ya yi gaskiya."
Wani binciken jin ra'ayin jama'a na jaridar Israel Hayom, wanda aka buga ranar Juma'a, ya yi hasashen cewa jam'iyyarsa ta Jewish Strength za ta lashe kujeru tara a zaɓen 27 ga Oktoba. An yi hasashen cewa Democrats, magajin jam'iyyar Labour da tsohon janar Yair Golan ke jagoranta, za su ɗauki kujeru takwas.
Haɗuwar Ben-Gvir yana ɗaya daga cikin alamun da suka fi tsanani na babban juyi zuwa dama tsakanin 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila Yahudawa. Yana bayyana musamman tsakanin matasa kuma zai tsara gwamnatin ƙasar ta gaba, ko wanene zai zama firaminista bayan zaɓen da ake fafatawa sosai.
Fiye da Isra'ilawa 500,000 sun kai shekarun jefa ƙuri'a tun zaɓen ƙarshe a 2022, kuma kashi uku cikin huɗu na masu jefa ƙuri'a na farko Yahudawa sun bayyana kansu a matsayin dama ko tsakiyar-dama, in ji wani bincike na kwanan nan na gidan talabijin na Channel 12 (bai bincika 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila Falasɗinawa ba).
Ƙarni da ke jefa ƙuri'a a karon farko sun girma bayan rugujewar tsarin Oslo, lokacin da begen yin shawarwari don warware rikicin Isra'ila da Falasɗina ya zama kamar yana dushewa. Sun kasance matasa a lokacin hare-haren Hamas na 7 ga Oktoba 2023, waɗanda suka kashe kusan mutane 1,200, yawancinsu fararen hula. Mayakan sun kai garkuwa 251 da suke raye da gawarwaki zuwa Gaza, wanda ya haifar da rikicin garkuwa na shekaru biyu.
"Akwai mutane da yawa, musamman matasa, waɗanda suke tunanin babu warware rikicin, cewa za mu kasance cikin yaƙi koyaushe. Akwai wariyar launin fata da yawa, ƙiyayya da yawa, amma mafi muni, akwai tsoro," in ji Erez Uzan, mataimakin shugaban Young Democrats.
Sabanin yanayin duniya, matasan Isra'ila sun fi tsofaffin tsararraki goyon bayan dama kuma ana sa ran za su zaɓi Knesset da ke da mambobi masu goyon bayan dama fiye da na yanzu, in ji Dahlia Scheindlin, wata mai nazarin siyasa kuma mai binciken ra'ayin jama'a.
Al'ummomin ultra-Orthodox da masu kishin ƙasa na addini waɗanda suka tsaya tsayin daka ga dama suna cikin ƙaruwar kaso na al'ummar Yahudawa na Isra'ila amma har yanzu suna wakiltar kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na masu jefa ƙuri'a, don haka yanayin al'umma kaɗai bai bayyana ƙaruwar gibin shekaru kan al'amuran siyasa ba.
"Dukan Isra'ilawa, musamman matasa, suna rayuwa cikin yanayin siyasa inda ba wai gwamnati ce kawai mai goyon bayan dama ba amma gabaɗayan sharuɗɗan muhawara na populist ne da kishin ƙasa sosai. Wannan ne kawai abin da suka sani. An horar da su cikin hakan," in ji Scheindlin. "An yi watsi da duk wani abu da ya shafi dimokuradiyya, ƙima ta duniya ko haƙƙin ɗan adam." Ana kallon waɗannan a matsayin rauni, idan an tattauna su kwata-kwata, wataƙila ma a matsayin mummuna kamar cin amana. Kuma 'yan siyasa kaɗan ne ke magana game da zaman lafiya, sassauci, shawarwari, yancin Falasɗinawa, ko ma jin daɗin Falasɗinawa.
Yawancin binciken jin ra'ayin jama'a na Isra'ila akai-akai suna nuna cewa ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar Firaminista Benjamin Netanyahu na yanzu tare da ultra-Orthodox da dama mai tsanani za su faɗi ƙasa da ƙofar kujeru 61 da ake buƙata don kafa gwamnati.
Mutane suna zanga-zanga a wajen babbar kotun Isra'ila don nuna goyon baya ga ba da damar jam'iyyun Larabawa su tsaya takara a babban zaɓen da ke tafe. Hoto: Debbie Hill/UPI/Shutterstock
'Yan adawa suna da hanyar da ta bayyana zuwa mulki ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa da jam'iyyun da ke wakiltar 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila Falasɗinawa, waɗanda aka sani da jam'iyyun Larabawa a cikin ƙasar. Amma juyin siyasa zuwa dama yana nufin yawancin jam'iyyun da Yahudawa ke jagoranta sun kore irin wannan haɗin gwiwar, ko da yake an karya irin waɗannan alkawuran bayan zaɓen da suka gabata.
Musamman game da Falasɗina, yawancinsu ba su da ƙalubale ga ikirarin Netanyahu cewa ana iya samun tsaro ne kawai ta hanyar mamayar soja da haɗa yanki daga Gaza zuwa Siriya da Lebanon.
Yarjejeniyoyin zaman lafiya da suka tabbatar da iyakokin Isra'ila da Jordan da Masar, waɗanda a da ake kallo a matsayin barazana mai wanzuwa kamar Iran a yau, ba su cikin muhawarar siyasa a matsayin wata hanya ta dabam.
Yaƙin neman zaɓensu yana mai da hankali kan wasu batutuwa, daga alkawuran magance cin hanci da rashawa da kawo lissafi kan hare-haren 7 ga Oktoba zuwa inganta makarantu da dakatar da gujewa aikin soja na ultra-Orthodox.
Gadi Eisenkot, tsohon shugaban hafsoshin sojojin Isra'ila kuma shugaban jam'iyyar Yashar, yana bayar da sanarwa yayin taron manema labarai a wurin tunawa da Black Arrow kusa da kibbutz Mefalsim, kusa da Zirin Gaza, ranar 15 ga Oktoba. Hoto: Ilia Yefimovich/AFP/Getty Images
Ba mai gogewa ba, mai adawa da Bibi, amma mai gujewa kan zaman lafiya: wanene ɗan takarar adawar Isra'ila Gadi Eisenkot?
Ƙara karatu
Mutumin da ke jagorantar filin don maye gurbin Netanyahu, Gadi Eisenkot, tsohon shugaban sojojin Isra'ila ne wanda ya ƙirƙiri sanannen koyaswar Dahiya ta yin amfani da "ƙarfi mara daidaito" don haifar da lalacewa da halaka.
Naftali Bennett tsohon firaminista ne kuma tsohon shugaban majalisar mazauna, wanda ke goyon bayan haɗa yawancin Yammacin Kogin Jordan. Avigdor Lieberman yana so ya wargaza Hukumar Falasɗina kuma ya maye gurbinta da tarayyar Isra'ila da Jordan (ko da yake a bayyane yake bai tuntuɓi 'yan Jordan ba game da wannan shirin).
Tsohon firaministan Isra'ila Naftali Bennett, shugaban ƙungiyar Together (Beyachad), yana halartar taron 'bikin dimokuradiyya' a Ramat Hasharon ranar 13 ga Oktoba. Hoto: Amir Cohen/Reuters
Babu wata jam'iyya da Yahudawa ke jagoranta da ta goyi bayan ƙasar Falasɗina ta gaba kuma Democrats kaɗai ne suka yi adawa da faɗaɗa matsuguni, in ji jaridar Yedioth Ahronoth, bayan neman matsayin dukkan jam'iyyun kan makomar Yammacin Kogin Jordan da aka mamaye.
Jam'iyyar Yashar ta Eisenkot ta yi alkawarin ƙarfafawa da faɗaɗa matsuguni, waɗanda suka halatta a ƙarƙashin dokar Isra'ila. Duk matsugunan ba su halatta ba a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa da ƙasa.
Democrats, gidan siyasa kaɗai da ya rage ga hagu na Sahayoniya na Isra'ila, Golan ne ke jagoranta, tsohon janar kuma mataimakin shugaban sojojin Isra'ila wanda da kansa ya garzaya zuwa al'ummomin kan iyaka a ƙarƙashin harin Hamas a safiyar 7 ga Oktoba don ceto fararen hula.
Matasan Isra'ila sun taru don sauraron shugaban jam'iyyar Democrats kuma tsohon memba na Knesset, Yair Golan, a wani taron yaƙin neman zaɓe a Tel Aviv. Hoto: Ilia Yefimovich/AFP/Getty Images
Golan ya ƙi maganin ƙasashe biyu kuma yana yaƙin neman zaɓe kan tsarin manufofi wanda zai kasance tsakiyar tsakiya sosai a yawancin Turai. Duk da haka, juyin siyasar Isra'ila zuwa dama ya bayyana sosai har masu yaƙin neman zaɓen jam'iyyar an kai musu hari akai-akai – a jiki da baki – a matsayin ƴan tsattsauran ra'ayi.
A makon da ya gabata, 'yan daba na dama sun far wa masu sa kai na Democrats da ke kula da rumfa a kasuwar Mahane Yehuda mai tarihi ta Jerusalem, suna harbawa, dukawa da tofawa ƙungiyar da sace waya yayin da 'yan sanda suka tsaya suna kallo. Duba hoto a cikakken allo Democrats suna zanga-zangar adawa da ziyarar ministan kuɗi na Isra'ila kuma shugaban jam'iyyar Religious Zionist Bezalel Smotrich zuwa kasuwar Mahane Yehuda ranar 9 ga Oktoba. Hoto: Abir Sultan/EPA Girman cin zarafi ya sa jam'iyyar ta horar da masu yaƙin neman zaɓe kan aikin kai tsaye mara tashin hankali, "don su san yadda za su riƙe kansu a cikin yanayi inda za su iya kasancewa cikin aminci da rage tashin hankali," in ji Uzan na Young Democrats. Dama mai tsanani tana ƙaruwa a duniya, amma siyasar Isra'ila da "ke tafiya kan rikici na dindindin" tana ƙara sha'awar saƙonnin kabilanci, in ji Uzan. "Muna girma cikin tsoro, muna ganin yaƙi a kewayenmu – kuma hakan yana haifar da wata hangen nesa. A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, jagorancinmu a sansanin tsakiya-hagu ya guje wa magana kan al'amuran tsaro," in ji Uzan, yana ƙara cewa sun ba da wannan fili ga dama. Yanzu shi da abokan aikin sa suna ƙoƙarin magance wannan gazawar a matakin tushe, ciki har da yin magana da matasa game da yarjejeniyoyin zaman lafiya da Masar da Jordan waɗanda ba su da farin jini lokacin da aka sanya hannu amma sun kawo kwanciyar hankali mai dorewa. Tsarin yana jinkiri amma yana da tasiri, in ji shi, yana nuni ga membobin matasa masu aiki dubban da yawa, fiye da jam'iyyun da ke jawo masu jefa ƙuri'a matasa da yawa. Duba hoto a cikakken allo Wani mutum da tuta a kafaɗunsa da ke ɗauke da hoton firaministan Isra'ila, Benjamin Netanyahu, yana tafiya cikin kasuwar Mahane Yehuda a Jerusalem ranar 16 ga Oktoba. Hoto: John Wessels/AFP/Getty Images ɗan wasan barkwanci da ya zama mai fafutuka Lior Schleien yana ƙoƙarin yin irin waɗannan tattaunawa da ƙungiyoyin matasan Isra'ila game da rashin amfanin da ke tattare da neman "cikakkiyar nasara" a yaƙe-yaƙe marasa ƙarshe. Yana buga faifan wasu daga cikin tattaunawar da suka fi ban mamaki, inda matasa masu murmushi ke ba da shawara a gaban kyamara don kisan jama'a ko korar Falasɗinawa. "Larabawa da yawa suna zaune a nan. An haife su a nan, 'yan ƙasa ne kamar ni da kai. Me za ka yi da su?" Schleien ya tambayi wata ƙungiya. "Kashe su … ba ni wuƙa in kashe su," in ji wani saurayi. Ben-Gvir ya ƙware musamman a kafofin sada zumunta, inda posts kamar wani bidiyo na AI na kwanan nan da ke bayyana shirye-shiryen tsarkakewar kabilanci suka taimaka wajen samun haɗin kai da masu jefa ƙuri'a matasa fiye da kowane ɗan siyasar Isra'ila in ban da Netanyahu. Amma shi ba shi kaɗai ba ne ga tsattsauran ra'ayi tsakanin abokan Firaminista. Ministan kuɗi Bezalel Smotrich ɗan matsuguni ne mai akidar Almasihu wanda kwanan nan ya yi kira da a "shafe Gaza", kuma ya sha alwashin "binne" ƙasar Falasɗina ta gaba. Duba hoto a cikakken allo Mutane suna wucewa da bas ɗin da ke ɗauke da tutar yaƙin neman zaɓe na Moshe Feiglin na jam'iyyar Zehut a Jerusalem. Hoto: John Wessels/AFP/Getty Images Ga wannan zaɓe, Smotrich ya haɗa ƙarfi da Moshe Feiglin, ɗan tsattsauran ra'ayi wanda ya daɗe yana kira ga korar Falasɗinawa da yawa da gina haikalin Yahudawa na Littafi Mai Tsarki a inda harabar masallacin al-Aqsa take yanzu. Haɗuwar dama mai tsanani da tsattsauran ra'ayin addini, tare da harin Netanyahu kan cibiyoyin da ke kare dimokuradiyyar Isra'ila ta wani ɓangare (Falasɗinawan da ke rayuwa ƙarƙashin mulkin sojan Isra'ila a Yammacin Kogin Jordan da aka mamaye ba su da haƙƙin 'yan ƙasa), yana nufin yawancin Isra'ilawa a tsakiya da hagu suna kallon wannan zaɓe a matsayin na wanzuwa. David Harel, shugaban Kwalejin Kimiyya da Ɗan Adam na Isra'ila, ya ce hanyar da ƙasar ke bi a yanzu tana kaiwa ga makoma mai duhu a matsayin ƙasa mai cin hanci da rashawa, matalauta kuma wadda aka ware, wadda masu tsattsauran ra'ayin Almasihu ke mamaye ta suna riƙe da "mummunan mamaya, mai zalunci". "Mun riga mun shiga 'lokacin ƙarewa'. Idan muka rasa wannan lokacin, ba za a sake samun wata dama ba. Ƙasar da muke ƙauna sosai za ta yi numfashin ƙarshe. A sarari kuma a sauƙaƙe!" ya gaya wa wani taro a birnin Haifa na arewa. "Shi ya sa na zo nan yau, don tambaya da roƙo. Kuma idan ya zama dole, zan durƙusa a gwiwoyina in roƙa. Don Allah, don Allah, don Allah! Ku fita ku jefa ƙuri'a kawai!"
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Ga jerin tambayoyin da ake yawan yi dangane da batun samun nasarar da ake hasashen dama mai tsanani za ta samu a zaɓen Isra'ila da kuma maganar da ke tafe game da wariyar launin fata da ƙiyayya
Tambayoyin Farko
T Menene wannan labarin ya kunsa
A Yana magana ne kan wani zaɓe mai zuwa a Isra'ila inda masana ke hasashen cewa jam'iyyun siyasa na dama mai tsanani za su lashe kujeru da yawa a majalisa Labarin kuma ya nuna wata magana daga wani ɗan siyasa da ke gargaɗi cewa wannan haɓaka yana samun ƙarfinsa daga wariyar launin fata da ƙiyayya
T Menene ma'anar dama mai tsanani
A Dama mai tsanani tana bayyana ƙungiyoyin siyasa masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ko kishin ƙasa sosai Sau da yawa suna mai da hankali kan tsayayyen asalin ƙasa suna da shakku ga baƙi ko tsiraru kuma suna iya goyon bayan manufofin kama-karya
T Wanene ya ce Akwai wariyar launin fata da ƙiyayya da yawa
A Maganar ta fito ne daga wani ɗan siyasa a Isra'ila wanda ke gargaɗi cewa haɓakar jam'iyyun dama mai tsanani tana ƙarfafa halaye na wariyar launin fata da ƙiyayya a cikin al'umma
T Me ya sa mutane ke damuwa game da waɗannan zaɓe
A Mutane suna damuwa saboda idan jam'iyyun dama mai tsanani suka sami mulki za su iya zartar da dokoki da ke nuna wariya ga tsiraru ko canza tsarin dimokuradiyyar ƙasar
Tambayoyin Ci Gaba
T Waɗanne takamaiman abubuwa ne ke haifar da hasashen samun nasarar dama mai tsanani
A Samun nasarar yawanci ana haifar da shi ne ta haɗakar abubuwa kamar tashin hankalin tsaro da ke gudana canjin yanayin siyasa da kuma iyawar shugabannin dama mai tsanani su jawo hankalin masu jefa ƙuri'a game da tsoro kan tsaro da sauye-sauyen al'umma
T Ta yaya tsarin zaɓen Isra'ila ke ba da damar ƙananan jam'iyyun dama mai tsanani su sami tasiri
A Isra'ila tana amfani da tsarin wakilci na daidaito Wannan yana nufin jam'iyyun suna lashe kujeru bisa ga kaso na jimillar ƙuri'un da suka samu Domin yawanci babu wata jam'iyya da ke lashe rinjaye ƙananan jam'iyyu ciki har da na dama mai tsanani na iya zama masu yanke shawara a cikin gwamnatin haɗin gwiwa wanda ke ba su iko fiye da kaso na ƙuri'un da suka samu a zahiri
T Menene sakamakon a aikace na shigar jam'iyyun dama mai tsanani cikin gwamnati
A A aikace wannan na iya haifar da
Canje-canjen manufofi Dokoki masu tsauri kan ƙaura 'yan ƙasa ko dokokin addini
Rarraba al'umma Ƙaruwar tashin hankali tsakanin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban a cikin al'umma
Canje-canjen doka Ƙoƙarin raunana ikon kotuna ko canza ka'idojin gwamnati
