Da farko, baƙi sun daina zuwa. Yayin da jirage marasa matuƙa na Ukraine da makamai masu linzami suka kai hari a Crimea a duk lokacin bazara har zuwa lokacin rani, 'yan Rasha masu yawon buɗe ido sun fara soke ajiyar su a ƙaramin masaukin da Marina ke gudanarwa a Yevpatoria, wani gari na shakatawa a gabar tekun Black Sea na yankin.
Sa'an nan kuma man fetur ya yi wuya, wanda ya sa ya zama da wahala a cika kasuwancin da abinci da sauran abubuwan buƙatu. Yanzu, wutar lantarki da ruwan famfo an yanke su na mafi yawan rana, daidai lokacin da zafin rani ya fara.
"Shekaru 12 suna gaya mana cewa Crimea an kare ta 100%," in ji Marina, tana nufin alkawuran da jami'an Rasha suka yi tun lokacin da suka kwace ta daga Ukraine a shekarar 2014. "Kuma a cikin wata guda, an mayar da mu zamanin dutse – babu wutar lantarki, babu ruwa, babu man fetur."
Tun farkon wannan shekara, Kyiv ta ƙaddamar da yaƙin neman zaɓe mafi girma da ta taɓa yi a kan Crimea, tana kai hari ga yankin da kuma hanyoyin sufuri na ƙasa da teku da ke haɗa shi da Rasha. Mazauna suna fuskantar mafi munin rushewar rayuwar yau da kullum tun bayan mamaye shi a shekarar 2014.
Shi ne yanki na farko da Rasha ke iko da shi da ya fuskanci matsanancin ƙarancin man motoci, wanda tun daga lokacin ya bazu zuwa Rasha. Hukumomin da Kremlin ta girka a watan da ya gabata sun ayyana dokar ta-baci kuma sun hana sayarwa ga masu motoci masu zaman kansu na ɗan lokaci don kiyaye kayayyaki ga sojoji da sabis na gaggawa.
Amma yayin da jirage marasa matuƙa na Ukraine suka ƙara kai hari ga ababen more rayuwa na makamashi na yankin, rikicin ya wuce man fetur da sauri. Fiye da kashi 70% na kusan mazauna Crimea miliyan 2.5 sun fuskanci wani nau'i na katsewar wutar lantarki, bisa ga binciken Guardian, yayin da da yawa yanzu sun yi kwanaki da yawa a jere ba su da wutar lantarki ko ruwan famfo.
Tattaunawa da fiye da mazauna goma sha biyu a duk faɗin Crimea sun nuna jin ƙaruwar watsi da takaici game da hukumomin da Rasha ta girka da kuma Moscow, yayin da Kyiv ke ƙoƙarin mayar da yankin "tsibiri."
Bukukuwa, sansanonin bazara, da abubuwan rairayin bakin teku da suka taɓa cika lokacin Crimea an soke su. A maimakon su, dogayen layi na man fetur da neman wurin wanka da cajin waya a kullum. "Muna rayuwa, ba mu rayuwa ba," in ji wani mazaunin.
Aleksei, ɗan asalin Crimea wanda ya goyi bayan mamaye yankin da Rasha ta yi a shekarar 2014, ya ce gidan abincinsa ya kasance babu kowa a wannan bazara yayin da masu yawon buɗe ido suka nisa, yayin da ƙarancin kayayyaki da rushewar hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki suka sa ya zama da wahala a samu sabbin kayan amfanin gona daga wajen yankin.
"Hukumomi sun ci gaba da nace cewa Crimea a shirye take don komai. A zahiri komai. Sai ya zama hukumomi sun kasa shirya don mafi muni," in ji shi. "Mutane suna farautar man fetur kamar The Hunger Games."
Kamar sauran waɗanda Guardian ta yi hira da su, Aleksei ya nemi a ɓoye sunan mahaifinsa saboda dalilai na tsaro. Crimea gida ce ga ɗayan mafi yaduwa da danniya na na'urorin tsaro na Rasha, wanda ya bar mutane da yawa suna tsoron yin magana a fili. Bayyana rashin amincewa a fili ba safai ba ne.
Sharhi a ƙarƙashin sakonnin kafofin sada zumunta na jami'ai, duk da haka, sun cika da roƙon taimako daga mutanen da ke cewa ba za su iya tuntuɓar dangi, siyan abinci, ko jure wa dogon katsewar ba.
"Belogorsk ba ta da wutar lantarki fiye da sa'o'i 70, kuma duk abin da muke samu shine alkawura," in ji ɗayan dozin na sharhi da aka yi wa shugaban Crimea da Rasha ta girka, Sergei Aksyonov.
Tattaunawar Telegram na gida sun zama jagororin rayuwa na wucin gadi, inda mazauna ke musayar shawarwari kan inda man fetur ya zo, suna saita ƙararrawa don takardun izini na dare. Sakin nata ya haɗa da raba taswirorin mafi gajerun layi da sanar da juna wane unguwanni har yanzu suna da wutar lantarki ko ruwan famfo.
Tun lokacin da Rasha ta kwace Crimea a shekarar 2014, a lokacin rikicin juyin juya halin Maidan na Ukraine wanda ya kori shugaban ƙasar mai goyon bayan Rasha, yankin ya zama ɗayan mafi mahimmancin yankuna na dabarun Kremlin.
A shekarar 2022, Crimea ta zama babban tashar ƙaddamar da mamayar kudancin Ukraine, inda sojojin Rasha suka ci gaba da sauri fiye da harin da suka kasa a kan Kyiv. Tun lokacin da aka fara mamayar gaba ɗaya, an yi amfani da ababen more rayuwa na soja don hare-haren iska da tallafin fagen fama. Moscow ta kuma ƙarfafa ɗaruruwan dubban 'yan Rasha su ƙaura zuwa yankin.
Mamayar 2014 – wanda 'yan Rasha da yawa ke kallo a matsayin yanki mai kyau tare da yanayi mai dumi da rairayin bakin teku – ya ƙara yawan amincewar Vladimir Putin. Shekaru da yawa, bukukuwan shekara-shekara na "komawar" Crimea sun kasance nunin ƙarfin sojan Rasha da farfaɗowar ƙasa da aka shirya a hankali.
Dubi hoton cikakken allo: Bakin teku a Yevpatoria. Hoton: Alexey Pavlishak/Reuters
Ta hanyar kai hari ga Crimea – wanda Kremlin ta daɗe tana tallata shi a matsayin kambin mulkin Putin – Ukraine na fatan ƙarfafa matsayinta a duk wata tattaunawar zaman lafiya ta gaba, in ji Rob Lee, manazarci soja kuma babban jami'in Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Harkokin Waje.
"Ukraine tana da ƙarfi a tattaunawar gaba fiye da yadda take a da saboda yanzu tana iya kai hari ga kusan kowane abu a Crimea."
Ukraine ta mayar da hare-haren ta kan manyan hanyoyin sufuri da ke wadata Crimea, musamman babbar hanyar Novorossiya, wata hanya mai mahimmanci da ke haɗa yankin zuwa yankin Rostov na Rasha ta cikin garuruwan Melitopol da Mariupol da aka mamaye.
Sojojin Ukraine sun bugi fiye da manyan motocin sojan Rasha 240 a cikin makon farko na Yuli kaɗai, bisa ga binciken faifan bidiyo na hare-haren da aka tabbatar da su daga manazarci bayanan sirri na Faransa Clément Molin.
Kwanan nan, Ukraine ta ƙara yaƙin neman zaɓe a kan jiragen ruwa na Rasha a Tekun Azov. A cikin makon da ya gabata, sojojin Kyiv sun ce sun bugi jiragen ruwa 90 da Rasha ke amfani da su don wadata yankin da aka mamaye.
A cikin wata hira da ɗan jaridar Rasha mai zaman kansa Dmitry Kolezev, wani janar na Rasha da ba a bayyana sunansa ba ya ce nasarorin da Ukraine ta samu na baya-bayan nan sun kasance saboda Moscow ta karkatar da albarkatu daga kare Crimea zuwa harin ta a Donbas.
Dubi hoton cikakken allo: Tankunan ajiyar man fetur suna ƙonewa bayan wani hari a Kerch, Crimea, watan da ya gabata. Hoton: Vantor/Reuters
Tare da jagorancin soja da ke mai da hankali kan kama sauran sassan Donbas, janar din ya ce Crimea ta zama "na uku ko na huɗu" a jerin abubuwan fifiko na Rasha.
Lee ya ce Ukraine ta yi nasara wajen samar da adadi mai yawa na jirage marasa matuƙa na matsakaici da dogon zango, wanda ya sa ya zama da wahala ga Rasha ta kare su duka. "Farashin waɗannan jirage marasa matuƙa yana da ƙasa sosai don kada ya zama mai tsadar gaske ga Ukraine ta ci gaba da kai waɗannan hare-haren," in ji shi.
Taswirar matatun man fetur na Rasha da Ukraine ta buga
Manazarta soja na bangarorin biyu sun yi imanin cewa Ukraine na iya ƙara yaƙin neman zaɓe a makonni masu zuwa a kan gadar Kerch, wadda aka buɗe a shekarar 2018 don haɗa Crimea da Rasha, a ƙoƙarin zurfafa ƙarancin yankin.
Nasarorin da aka samu na ware Crimea sun ba Ukraine ƙarfafa da take buƙata sosai a lokacin da sojojin Rasha ke ci gaba da samun ci gaba a hankali amma a kai a kai a fagen fama, kwanan nan sun ci gaba har zuwa bakin kofa na kama birnin Kostiantynivka mai mahimmancin dabarun a gabashin Ukraine.
Ga Moscow, rikicin a yankin abin kunya ne da ba za ta iya ɓoyewa ko gyara shi cikin sauƙi ba. A maimakon haka, Kremlin ta yi ƙoƙarin rage girman rikicin.
A yayin wani taro da manyan jami'ai a makon da ya gabata, Putin ya umarci gwamnati da ta ba da tallafi na gaggawa ga Crimea da Sevastopol don tallafawa siyan man fetur da rage farashin man fetur a yankin. "Waɗannan matsaloli ne na ɗan lokaci," in ji shi.
Amma a Crimea, mazauna da yawa sun ce tabbacin Kremlin ya ƙara musu takaici. "Suna ci gaba da gaya mana cewa waɗannan matsaloli ne na ɗan lokaci," in ji Dmitry, ɗalibin jami'a. "Mun yi makonni muna rayuwa haka. Wannan ba rayuwa ce ta al'ada ba, kuma ba za ta iya ci gaba da yawa ba."
Tambayoyin da Aka Yi Yawa
Anan akwai jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawa game da hare-haren jirage marasa matuƙa na Ukraine da suka haifar da katsewar wutar lantarki, ruwa, da man fetur a Crimea a lokacin bazara
Tambayoyi na Asali
1 Menene ainihin abin da ya faru a Crimea a wannan bazara
Hare-haren jirage marasa matuƙa na Ukraine sun kai hari ga mahimman ababen more rayuwa a Crimea, suna lalata tashoshin wutar lantarki, tashoshin famfo na ruwa, da ma'ajiyar man fetur. Wannan ya haifar da katsewar wutar lantarki, ƙarancin ruwa, da ƙarancin man fetur a duk faɗin yankin.
2 Me yasa Ukraine ta kai hari ga wutar lantarki, ruwa, da man fetur
Waɗannan su ne ginshiƙai uku na rayuwar yau da kullum. Ta hanyar yanke su, Ukraine na nufin rushe dabaru na sojan Rasha da kuma sa ya zama da wahala ga sojojin Rasha da farar hula su yi aiki yadda ya kamata.
3 Shin wannan yana nufin Crimea ba ta da wutar lantarki kwata-kwata
Ba ko'ina ba koyaushe. Hare-haren sun haifar da katsewar wutar lantarki da kuma rufewar gaggawa. Wasu yankuna sun rasa wutar lantarki na sa'o'i ko kwanaki yayin da wasu suka fuskanci matsanancin rabon kayayyaki. Ya kasance faɗuwa cikin duhu ta yadda grid ɗin ya zama marar dogaro sosai.
4 Har yaushe katsewar ta kasance
Ya bambanta. Wasu katsewar sun kasance na sa'o'i kaɗan, wasu sun shafe kwanaki. An gyara lalacewar amma an maimaita hare-haren, don haka matsalar ta ci gaba a duk lokacin bazara.
Tambayoyi na Matsakaici
5 Ta yaya jirage marasa matuƙa za su iya lalata tashar wutar lantarki
Jirage marasa matuƙa na iya ɗaukar ƙananan bama-bamai masu fashewa. Suna tashi kai tsaye zuwa sassa masu rauni na tashar wutar lantarki – kamar masu canza wuta ko tsarin sanyaya – suna haifar da gobara da lalacewar jiki wanda ke ɗaukar makonni don gyarawa.
6 Ta yaya rasa wutar lantarki ke haifar da ƙarancin ruwa
Yawancin famfunan ruwa da tashoshin sarrafa ruwa suna aiki da wutar lantarki. Idan babu wutar lantarki, famfunan ba za su iya tura ruwa ta bututu zuwa gidaje da kasuwanci ba. Don haka ko da tushen ruwa ya cika, ba zai iya isa ga mutane ba.
7 Menene ya faru da man fetur idan wutar lantarki ta ƙare
Tashoshin man fetur suna buƙatar wutar lantarki don tafiyar da famfunan da tsarin biyan kuɗi. Hakanan ana kai hari ga matatun man fetur da ma'ajiyar kayayyaki. Ko da man fetur yana nan a tankuna, ba za ka iya fitar da shi ba tare da wutar lantarki don famfunan ba.
8 Shin Rasha ta yi ƙoƙarin gyara lalacewar
E, Rasha ta aika da ƙungiyoyin gyara kuma ta kawo janareto na madadin da tashoshin wutar lantarki na tafi-da-gidanka. Duk da haka, an maimaita hare-haren, wanda ya sa ya zama da wahala a ci gaba da tafiyar da komai.
Tambayoyi na Ci gaba da Tasiri
9 Ta yaya farar hula a Crimea suka jimre ba tare da ruwa da wutar lantarki ba
Mutane sun dogara da ruwan kwalba, kayayyakin da aka adana, da janareto. Asibitoci sun yi amfani da janareto na madadin. Akwai dogayen layi.
