An fito da labari na gaskiya game da yaudara a cikin dara wanda ya shafi girgizar ƙwanƙwasa—wani abin mamaki da ya faru fiye da shekaru 30 da suka gabata wanda aka warware shi kwanakin baya.
Ka yi tunanin yanayin gasar Dara ta Duniya a Philadelphia a shekarar 1993: wani baƙon ɗan wasa da ba a taɓa saninsa ba ya bayyana sanye da ƙwaƙƙwaran gashin wucin gadi da na'urar sauraron kiɗa, da kuma wani ƙulli a cikin wandonsa da ke rawar jiki. Abin mamaki ya ƙara lokacin da wannan ɗan wasa da ba a san shi ba, wanda ya kira kansa John von Neumann bayan wanda ya kafa ka'idar wasa, ya yi canjaras a zagaye na biyu da babban ɗan wasa Helgi Ólafsson.
"Na tabbata ina wasa da wani ɗan wasa maras ƙwarewa," in ji Ólafsson daga baya. "Bai san komai game da wasan ba, har ma na yi tunanin yana shan ƙwayoyi. Ya ɗauki lokaci mai yawa don amsa motsi na zahiri, kuma yana da ban mamaki."
Abubuwa sun ƙara ban mamaki a zagaye na huɗu, lokacin da Von Neumann ya yi rashin nasara saboda ƙarewar lokaci bayan motsi tara kawai—duk da cewa yana da sa'o'i biyu don wasan. Ya ci gaba da samun nasara na ɗaruruwan daloli a cikin kuɗin kyauta, amma lokacin da masu shirya gasar da ke shakku suka nemi ya warware wani ɗan wasan dara mai sauƙi, ya gudu kuma ba a sake ganinsa ba.
To, menene ainihin abin da ya faru? A cewar sabon littafi mai suna Lucky Devils, Von Neumann a haƙiƙance tsohon sojan ruwa ne na Amurka mai suna John "The Duke" Wayne, yana aiki tare da abokinsa, masanin lissafi kuma ɗan caca Rob Reitzen. Reitzen ya bayyana wa marubuci Kit Chellel cewa burinsu shine samun babban nasara a cikin wasanni kamar backgammon ta amfani da fasahar gida, kuma dara ce gwajinsu.
Tsarin nasu ya yi aiki ta hanyar Duke yana aika motsin abokin hamayyarsa ta amfani da na'urar tura ƙafa a cikin takalmansa. Reitzen, daga ɗakin otal ɗinsa, zai aika da shawarar kwamfutar zuwa ga ƙararrawa a cikin wandon Duke. Matsalar ita ce karɓar siginar ba ta da ƙarfi, kuma kwamfutar tana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don ƙididdige ko da motsuna masu sauƙi.
Inside Chess ta buga labarin a murfin farko na 1993, ta kira shi Al'amarin Von Neumann kuma ta yi gargadin: "Idan kwamfutoci sun ƙarfafa sosai don samun taimako na gaske ga manyan ƴan wasa to ku kula!"
Wannan yana kaiwa kai tsaye zuwa ga sabon shirin gaskiya na Netflix, Untold: Chess Mates, wanda ya sake duba badakalar 2022 inda Hans Niemann aka zarge shi da yaudara bayan ya doke na ɗaya a duniya Magnus Carlsen.
Wataƙila ka tuna abin da ya faru: Carlsen ya yi ban mamaki ya janye daga gasar Sinquefield Cup mai daraja, yana buga GIF a kan X na José Mourinho yana cewa, "Idan na yi magana, ina cikin babbar matsala." Daga baya Niemann ya yarda cewa ya yi yaudara a wasannin kan layi lokacin yana ɗan shekara 12 da 16, amma ya musanta zargin cewa ya yi yaudara don doke Carlsen ta hanyar karɓar saƙonni ta hanyar kayan wasan lalata masu rawar jiki. "Ƙwallan dubura" sun zama abin dariya, kuma Niemann ya zama abin dukan tsiya.
Duniya ta ci gaba da tafiya lokacin da aka wanke Niemann daga zargin yaudara a wasansa na gaba da Carlsen. Amma, shekaru huɗu bayan haka, ƙiyayya har yanzu tana ci gaba. Duk da yake Netflix bai gano wani sabon abu ba, shirin ya zama labari mai koyarwa game da abin da zai iya faruwa lokacin da kuɗi ya shiga cikin hoto, dokoki sun raunana, kuma amana ta ɓace.
"Muna da ƙaruwar Covid ɗinmu, ƙaruwar Queen's Gambit," in ji wanda ya kafa Chess.com kuma Shugaba, Erik Allebest, a wani lokaci. "Ƙwallan dubura sun kasance masu kyau sosai a gare mu ... kada ku yi amfani da hakan!" Sa'an nan ya fara dariya.
Ba shine kawai lokacin da ba shi da daɗi ba. Chess.com ta san Niemann ya yi yaudara a kan layi tun yana matashi amma an ɓoye hakan—wani abu da zai haifar da jan gargadi a wasu wasanni. Matsayinsu ya canza ba zato ba tsammani lokacin da mahaifin Carlsen, Henrik, ya tuntube shi bayan an ci ɗansa, wanda kuma ya zama sabon abu.
Abin mamaki, ko da yawan ƴan wasan Chess.com na yau da kullun ya ƙaru daga ɗaya zuwa miliyan shida kuma kimanta kamfanin ya kusan dala biliyan ɗaya, tunaninsa har yanzu yana ɗauke da yanayin farawa na ɗan'uwan fasaha.
Kuma game da Niemann? Labarinsa ya fi rikitarwa, musamman ga waɗanda ke ganin duniya a cikin baki da fari. Yana zagin abokan hamayya, yana lalata dakunan otal, kuma fiye da haka... Wani mutum da ya sadu da shi ya gaya mani yana fatan ya zama kamar Bobby Fischer—ɗan wasa mai hazaka amma mai cece-kuce kuma maras kwanciyar hankali tsohon zakaran duniya. Kuma kamar yadda Niemann da kansa ya yarda: "Ni ba mutumin kirki bane."
Tabbas ɗan wasa ne mai hazaka, amma kuma tsohon mai yaudara. Amma har yaushe ne kurakuran matasa za su ci gaba da bayyana shi? Wasu a cikin duniyar dara har yanzu ba su amince da shi kwata-kwata, yayin da wasu kuma suna sha'awar juriyarsa. Kamar yadda wani mutum ya gaya mani: ka yi tunanin yana ɗan shekara 19, kana kallon duniyar dara tana amfani da kai don abun ciki da wasan kwaikwayo, kuma sunanka ya haɗa da kayan wasan lalata a duniya. Ka yi la'akari da ƙarfin iyawar da ake buƙata don jurewa hakan.
Carlsen, a halin yanzu, ya fito daga cikin lamarin yana da kyau, kuma ya soki Chess.com da gaske don yaudarar shi ya gaskata cewa yana da tabbataccen shaida na yaudarar Niemann a kan allo—wanda ba haka ba ne.
To, menene wannan juyin halitta daga zamanin Von Neumann zuwa badakalar Niemann ya bayyana? Na farko, cewa yanayin dara ya canza sosai. A cikin 1993, kamar yadda wani babban ɗan wasa ya bayyana mani, ra'ayin ɗan wasa mai son yaudara yana da ban mamaki. Wancan lokacin har yanzu lokacin da Garry Kasparov ake ganinsa a matsayin hazikan mai hikima wanda zai iya kayar da kowane kwamfuta. A yau, ko da Carlsen zai yi rashin nasara ga wanda ba kowa ba tare da waya.
Amma wannan ba kawai game da na'urori masu rawar jiki ko taimako na ɓoye ba—yana game da zato da kansa. Duk da yake dandamali na kan layi kamar Lichess da Chess.com suna amfani da software na gano yaudara, ba shi da cikakkiyar inganci. Wannan yana haifar da tambaya mai dorewa: shin ina fuskantar wanda ya samo wani motsi mai kyau ta hanyar tunaninsa, ko tare da taimakon kwamfuta?
Ya zuwa yanzu, manyan ƴan wasan da aka kama suna yin yaudara a kan allo galibi sun yi amfani da hanyoyin fasaha masu ƙarancin fasaha, kamar ɓoye waya a cikin bandaki da duba ta tsakanin motsi. Tun bayan lamarin Niemann, yanzu ana bincika ƴan wasa da sanduna don na'urorin lantarki. Duk da haka, babu wanda ya gamsu cewa waɗannan matakan ba su da kuskure.
Ƙarshe: wani ya kamata ya mayar da Lucky Devils zuwa fim. Reitzen har yanzu yana raye, ya yi nasara da asara da yawa, amma abin takaici John "The Duke" Wayne ya mutu sakamakon ciwon daji a shekarar 2018. Ko da haka, sunansa ya cancanci ya ci gaba da rayuwa cikin rashin mutunci—duk da cewa sunansa ya fi shahara. Bayan haka, shi ne mai yaudara na farko na dara a zamanin kwamfuta na zamani.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Tabbas Ga jerin tambayoyin da ake yawan yi game da labarin Girgizar ƙwanƙwasa, ƙwallan dubura da zato: Tarihin ban mamaki na yaudarar dara na Sean Ingle
Tambayoyi na Gaba ɗaya Na Masu Farawa
Q Menene wannan labarin?
A Labarin jarida ne wanda ke bincika tarihin ban mamaki da dogon tarihin yaudara a cikin wasan dara, daga tsoffin hanyoyi zuwa badakadar fasaha ta zamani.
Q Me yasa take yake da ban mamaki? Menene girgizar ƙwanƙwasa da ƙwallan dubura ke da alaƙa da dara?
A Take yana nuni ne ga hanyoyin yaudara na zahiri da ake zargi. Girgizar ƙwanƙwasa yana nufin na'urorin lantarki da ake zargin, kuma ƙwallan dubura yana nufin wani badakala mai ban sha'awa inda aka zargi ɗan wasa da amfani da ƙwallan mara waya don karɓar siginoyin da aka ɓoye.
Q Wannan labari wasa ne ko ba'a?
A A'a, labari ne na jarida mai mahimmanci. Duk da yake hanyoyin da aka kwatanta ba su da tushe, labarin yana amfani da su don tattauna matsala ta gaske ta yaudara a cikin dara na ƙwararru.
Q Wanene Sean Ingle?
A Sean Ingle babban ɗan jarida ne na wasanni na jaridar The Guardian, wanda aka sani da bincikensa mai zurfi na aikin jarida na wasanni.
Game da Tarihi Misalai
Q Menene wasu tsoffin hanyoyin da mutane suka yi yaudara a dara?
A A tarihi, masu yaudara sun yi amfani da siginoni kamar tari, danna yatsu, ko ƙa'idodin da aka shirya tare da wani abokin tarayya a cikin masu sauraro. Wasu ma sun yi ƙoƙarin yin ruɗi ga abokan hamayyarsu.
Q Menene badakalar ƙwallan dubura?
A A shekarar 2022, Babban ɗan wasa Hans Niemann ya doke Zakaran Duniya Magnus Carlsen. Carlsen ya nuna cewa Niemann ya yi yaudara, wanda ya haifar da hasashe mara kyau a kan layi. Wata ka'idar da ba ta tabbatar ba ta nuna cewa Niemann ya yi amfani da ƙwallan dubura mara waya don karɓar siginar girgiza daga kwamfuta.
Q Shin an kama wani yana amfani da na'urar girgiza?
A An tabbatar da lokuta a wasu wasanni da dara ta kan layi, amma babu wani babban ɗan wasa da aka kama a tsakiyar wasa tare da irin wannan na'urar a fili. Tsoro da zaton su, duk da haka, na gaske ne.
Q Menene mafi yawan hanyar da masu yaudara ke kamawa a yau?
A Ta hanyar nazarin ƙididdiga na motsin su. Software na hana yaudara yana kwatanta motsin ɗan wasa da injin dara mai cikakkiyar inganci. Matsakaicin motsi na sama da ɗan adam akai-akai.
