Hii ni kizuizi cha msimbo wa CSS unaofafanua fonti maalum za tovuti. Inaanzisha familia ya fonti ya "Guardian Headline Full" kwa mitindo na uzani tofauti, kama vile nyepesi, ya kawaida, ya wastani, na nusu-nzito, kila moja ikiwa na matoleo ya kawaida na ya italiki. Msimbo unabainisha mahali pa kupakia faili za fonti kutoka, kwa kutumia miundo tofauti kama WOFF2, WOFF, na TTF kwa upatanifu katika vivinjari mbalimbali.
Hii ni kizuizi cha msimbo wa CSS unaofafanua mitindo ya fonti na sheria za mpangilio wa ukurasa wa wavuti. Inaanzisha fonti za "Guardian Headline Full" na "Guardian Titlepiece" kwa uzani mbalimbali (nzito, nyeusi, italiki) na miundo (woff2, woff, ttf). Pia inajumuisha sheria za muundo unaojibadilisha kwa ukubwa tofauti wa skrini, kurekebisha pembe, upana, na nafasi za vipengele kama safu kuu, vipengele vya atomu, vipengele vya maonyesho, na vipengele vya kuzamisha. Msimbo unahakikisha upangaji sahihi na upanuzi katika vifaa vyote, na vivunjo maalum katika 71.25em na 81.25em kwa skrini kubwa, na 46.25em kwa ndogo.
.content__main-column--interactive:before {
border-left: 1px solid #dcdcdc;
z-index: -1;
left: -10px;
}
@media (min-width: 81.25em) {
.content__main-column--interactive:before {
border-left: 1px solid #dcdcdc;
left: -11px;
}
}
.content__main-column--interactive .element-atom {
margin-top: 0;
margin-bottom: 0;
padding-bottom: 12px;
padding-top: 12px;
}
.content__main-column--interactive p + .element-atom {
padding-top: 0;
padding-bottom: 0;
margin-top: 12px;
margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.content__main-column--interactive .element-inline {
max-width: 620px;
}
@media (min-width: 61.25em) {
figure[data-spacefinder-role="inline"].element {
max-width: 620px;
}
}
[data-gu-name="media"]:has(figure.loop) figure.loop figcaption:not(.hidden) {
z-index: 6;
}
[data-gu-name="media"]:has(figure.loop) figure.loop button[data-link-name*="gu-video-loop"] {
align-self: flex-end;
margin-bottom: 40px;
margin-right: 3px;
}
[data-gu-name="media"]:has(figure.loop) figure.loop .controls-container div:has(button[data-testid="unmute-icon"]),
[data-gu-name="media"]:has(figure.loop) figure.loop .controls-container div:has(button[data-testid="mute-icon"]) {
right: 0;
padding-left: 10px;
}
[data-gu-name="media"]:has(figure.loop) #caption-button {
z-index: 100;
}
@media (min-width: 61.25em) {
[data-gu-name="media"]:has(figure.loop) #caption-button {
bottom: 20px;
}
}
@media (min-width: 46.25em) {
[data-gu-name="media"]:has(figure.cinemagraph) .cinemagraph > div {
max-height: unset;
}
}
[data-gu-name="body"] gu-island[name="SelfHostedVideo"] {
width: 100%;
max-width: 620px;
display: block;
margin-top: 12px;
margin-bottom: 12px;
}
[data-gu-name="body"] gu-island[name="SelfHostedVideo"] figure.loop,
[data-gu-name="body"] gu-island[name="SelfHostedVideo"] figure.loop video {
width: 100%;
height: auto;
max-width: 620px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
[data-gu-name="body"] gu-island[name="SelfHostedVideo"]:has(figure.loop.element-video-immersive) {
max-width: unset;
margin: 12px 0;
}
[data-gu-name="body"] gu-island[name="SelfHostedVideo"]:has(figure.loop.element-video-immersive) figure.loop,
[data-gu-name="body"] gu-island[name="SelfHostedVideo"]:has(figure.loop.element-video-immersive) figure.loop video {
max-width: unset;
margin: 0;
}
@media (min-width: 71.25em) {
[data-gu-name="body"] gu-island[name="SelfHostedVideo"]:has(figure.loop.element-video-immersive) {
width: 1140px;
margin-left: -180px;
}
[data-gu-name="body"] gu-island[name="SelfHostedVideo"]:has(figure.loop.element-video-immersive) figure figcaption {
margin-left: 20px;
}
}
@media (min-width: 81.25em) {
[data-gu-name="body"] gu-island[name="SelfHostedVideo"]:has(figure.loop.element-video-immersive) {
width: 1300px;
margin-left: -260px;
}
}
:root {
--dateline: #606060;
--headerBorder: #dcdcdc;
--captionText: #999;
--captionBackground: hsla(0, 0%, 7%, .72);
--feature: #c70000;
--new-pillar-colour: var(--primary-pillar, var(--feature));
}
:root:root {
--subheading-text: var(--secondary-pillar);
--pullquote-text: var(--secondary-pillar);
--pullquote-icon: var(--secondary-pillar);
--block-quote-text: var(--article-text);
}
:root:root blockquote {
--block-quote-fill: var(--secondary-pillar);
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
:root:root:not([data-color-scheme="light"]) {
--subheading-text: var(--darkmode-pillar);
--pullquote-text: var(--darkmode-pillar);
--pullquote-icon: var(--darkmode-pillar);
}
:root:root:not([data-color-scheme="light"]) blockquote {
--block-quote-fill: var(--darkmode-pillar);
}
}
.content__main-column--interactive .element.element-atom,
.element.element-atom {
padding: 0;
}
.content__main-column--interactive .element-atom:first-of-type + p:first-of-type,
.content__main-column--interactive .element-atom:first-of-type + .sign-in-gate + p:first-of-type,
.content__main-column--interactive .element-atom:first-of-type + #sign-in-gate + p:first-of-type,
.content__main-column--interactive .element-atom:first-of-type + .element-atom + p:first-of-type,
.content__main-column--interactive hr:not(.last-horizontal-rule) + p,
.content__main-column--interactive hr:not(.last-horizontal-rule) + .ad-slot-container + p,
#article-body > div .element-atom:first-of-type + p:first-of-type,
#article-body > div .element-atom:first-of-type + .sign-in-gate + p:first-of-type,
#article-body > div .element-atom:first-of-type + #sign-in-gate + p:first-of-type,
#article-body > div .element-atom:first-of-type + .element-atom + p:first-of-type,
#article-body > div hr {
/* Hakuna mitindo maalum iliyofafanuliwa hapa; orodha ya kiteuzi ni kwa ajili ya kuweka kikundi tu. */
}
Aya ya kwanza baada ya mstari wa mlalo au atomu ya kipengele inapaswa kuwa na nafasi ya ziada juu. Hii inatumika kwa aya zinazokuja mara baada ya vipengele hivi, iwe ziko katika makala kuu, maoni, au sehemu nyingine za maudhui. Sheria hiyo hiyo pia inatumika kwa herufi ya kwanza ya aya kama hizo, ambayo inapaswa kupambwa kwa athari ya herufi kubwa ya mapambo.
[data-gu-name=body] .element-atom:first-of-type+.element-atom+p:first-of-type:first-letter,
[data-gu-name=body] hr:not(.last-horizontal-rule)+p:first-letter,
[data-gu-name=body] hr:not(.last-horizontal-rule)+.ad-slot-container+p:first-letter,
#feature-body .element-atom:first-of-type+p:first-of-type:first-letter,
#feature-body .element-atom:first-of-type+.sign-in-gate+p:first-of-type:first-letter,
#feature-body .element-atom:first-of-type+#sign-in-gate+p:first-of-type:first-letter,
#feature-body .element-atom:first-of-type+.element-atom+p:first-of-type:first-letter,
#feature-body hr:not(.last-horizontal-rule)+p:first-letter,
#feature-body hr:not(.last-horizontal-rule)+.ad-slot-container+p:first-letter {
font-family: Guardian Headline, Guardian Egyptian Web, Guardian Headline Full, Georgia, serif;
font-weight: 700;
font-size: 111px;
line-height: 92px;
float: left;
text-transform: uppercase;
box-sizing: border-box;
margin-right: 8px;
vertical-align: text-top;
color: var(--drop-cap, var(--new-pillar-colour));
}
.content__main-column--interactive hr+p,
.content__main-column--interactive hr+.ad-slot-container+p,
#article-body>div hr+p,
#article-body>div hr+.ad-slot-container+p,
.content--interactive>div hr+p,
.content--interactive>div hr+.ad-slot-container+p,
#comment-body hr+p,
#comment-body hr+.ad-slot-container+p,
[data-gu-name=body] hr+p,
[data-gu-name=body] hr+.ad-slot-container+p,
#feature-body hr+p,
#feature-body hr+.ad-slot-container+p {
padding-top: 0;
}
.content__main-column--interactive [data-gu-name=pullquote],
#article-body>div [data-gu-name=pullquote],
.content--interactive>div [data-gu-name=pullquote],
#comment-body [data-gu-name=pullquote],
[data-gu-name=body] [data-gu-name=pullquote],
#feature-body [data-gu-name=pullquote] {
max-width: 620px;
}
#maincontent figure.element.element--showcase.element-showcase figcaption,
#feature-article-container figure.element.element--showcase.element-showcase figcaption,
#standard-article-container figure.element.element--showcase.element-showcase figcaption,
#comment-article-container figure.element.element--showcase.element-showcase figcaption {
position: static !important;
width: 100%;
max-width: 620px;
}
@media (min-width: 71.25em) {
#maincontent figure.element.element--showcase.element-showcase figcaption,
#feature-article-container figure.element.element--showcase.element-showcase figcaption,
#standard-article-container figure.element.element--showcase.element-showcase figcaption,
#comment-article-container figure.element.element--showcase.element-showcase figcaption {
position: absolute !important;
max-width: 140px;
}
}
@media (min-width: 81.25em) {
#maincontent figure.element.element--showcase.element-showcase figcaption,
#feature-article-container figure.element.element--showcase.element-showcase figcaption,
#standard-article-container figure.element.element--showcase.element-showcase figcaption,
#comment-article-container figure.element.element--showcase.element-showcase figcaption {
max-width: 220px;
}
}
.element.element--immersive.element-immersive {
width: calc(100vw - var(--scrollbar-width, 0px));
}
@media (max-width: 71.24em) {
.element.element--immersive.element-immersive {
max-width: 978px;
}
.element.element--immersive.element-immersive figcaption {
padding-inline: 10px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 71.24em) and (min-width: 30em) {
.element.element--immersive.element-immersive figcaption {
padding-inline: 20px;
}
}
@media (min-width: 46.25em) and (max-width: 61.24em) {
.element.element--immersive.element-immersive {
max-width: 738px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 46.24em) {
.element.element--immersive.element-immersive {
margin-left: -10px !important;
margin-right: 0 !important;
left: 0;
}
}
@media (max-width: 46.24em) and (min-width: 30em) {
.element.element--immersive.element-immersive {
margin-left: -20px !important;
}
.element.element--immersive.element-immersive figcaption {
padding-inline: 20px;
}
}
@media (min-width: 71.25em) {
[data-gu-name=body] figure.element.element--showcase.element-showcase,
[data-gu-name=body] .content__main-column--interactive figure.element.element--showcase.element-showcase {
margin-left: -160px !important;
}
}
@media (min-width: 81.25em) {
[data-gu-name=body] figure.element.element--showcase.element-showcase,
[data-gu-name=body] .content__main-column--interactive figure.element.element--showcase.element-showcase {
margin-left: -240px !important;
}
.furniture-wrapper {
position: relative;
}
@media (min-width: 61.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper {
display: grid;
grid-column-gap: 20px;
grid-row-gap: 0px;
grid-template-columns: [title-start headline-start meta-start standfirst-start] repeat(5, 1fr) [title-end headline-end meta-end standfirst-end portrait-start] repeat(5, 1fr) [portrait-end];
grid-template-rows: [title-start portrait-start] 0.25fr [title-end headline-start] 1fr [headline-end standfirst-start] 0.75fr [standfirst-end meta-start] auto [meta-end portrait-end];
}
.furniture-wrapper #headline > div:first-child,
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name="headline"] > div:first-child,
.furniture-wrapper .headline > div:first-child {
border-top: 1px solid var(--headerBorder);
}
.furniture-wrapper #meta,
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name="meta"] {
position: relative;
padding-top: 2px;
margin-right: 0;
}
.furniture-wrapper .standfirst .content__standfirst,
.furniture-wrapper #standfirst .content__standfirst,
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name="standfirst"] .content__standfirst {
margin-bottom: 4px;
}
.furniture-wrapper .standfirst ul li,
.furniture-wrapper #standfirst ul li,
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name="standfirst"] ul li {
font-size: 20px;
}
.furniture-wrapper .standfirst li a,
.furniture-wrapper .standfirst a,
.furniture-wrapper #standfirst li a,
.furniture-wrapper #standfirst a,
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name="standfirst"] li a,
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name="standfirst"] a {
border-bottom: none;
background-image: none !important;
text-decoration: underline;
text-underline-offset: 6px;
text-decoration-color: var(--headerBorder, #dcdcdc);
text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
}
.furniture-wrapper .standfirst li a:hover,
.furniture-wrapper .standfirst a:hover,
.furniture-wrapper #standfirst li a:hover,
.furniture-wrapper #standfirst a:hover,
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name="standfirst"] li a:hover,
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name="standfirst"] a:hover {
text-decoration-color: var(--new-pillar-colour);
}
.furniture-wrapper .standfirst p:first-of-type,
.furniture-wrapper #standfirst p:first-of-type,
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name="standfirst"] p:first-of-type {
border-top: 1px solid var(--headerBorder);
padding-bottom: 0;
}
}
@media (min-width: 61.25em) and (min-width: 71.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper .standfirst p:first-of-type,
.furniture-wrapper #standfirst p:first-of-type,
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name="standfirst"] p:first-of-type {
border-top: unset;
}
}
@media (min-width: 61.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper figure {
margin: 0 0 0 -10px;
}
.furniture-wrapper figure[data-spacefinder-role="inline"].element {
max-width: 630px;
}
}
@media (min-width: 71.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper {
grid-template-columns: [title-start headline-start meta-start] repeat(2, 1fr) [meta-end standfirst-start] repeat(5, 1fr) [title-end headline-end standfirst-end portrait-start] repeat(7, 1fr) [portrait-end];
grid-template-rows: [title-start portrait-start] 80px [title-end headline-start] auto [headline-end standfirst-start meta-start] auto [standfirst-end meta-end portrait-end];
}
.furniture-wrapper #meta:before,
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name="meta"]:before {
content: "";
width: 540px;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
background-color: var(--headerBorder);
height: 1px;
}
.furniture-wrapper .standfirst p,
.furniture-wrapper #standfirst p,
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name="standfirst"] p {
border-top: unset;
}
.furniture-wrapper .standfirst:before,
.furniture-wrapper #standfirst:before,
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name="standfirst"]:before {
content: "";
width: 1px;
background-color: var(--headerBorder);
height: 100%;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0.5px;
}
}
@media (min-width: 81.25em) {
.furniture-wrapper {
grid-template-columns: [title-start headline-start meta-start] repeat(3, 1fr) [meta-end standfirst-start] repeat(5, 1fr) [title-end headline-end standfirst-end portrait-start] repeat(8, 1fr) [portrait-end];
grid-template-rows: [title-start portrait-start] 0.25fr [title-end headline-start] 1fr [headline-end standfirst-start meta-start] 0.75fr [standfirst-end meta-end portrait-end];
}
.furniture-wrapper #meta:before,
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name="meta"]:before {
width: 620px;
}
.furniture-wrapper .standfirst:before,
.furniture-wrapper #standfirst:before,
.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name="standfirst"]:before {
/* Hakuna mitindo ya ziada iliyobainishwa */
}
}
Hapa kuna maandishi yaliyoandikwa upya kwa Kiingereza cha asili, cha kawaida:
Mitindo ya kanga ya samani hurekebisha mpangilio na mwonekano wa vichwa vya makala, vianzio, na vipengele vya media. Kianzio kina kipunguzi kidogo cha kushoto na pedi, na mstari mwembamba upande wa kushoto. Kwenye skrini kubwa, kichwa ni kikubwa zaidi na kina upana wa juu. Mistari ya mapambo imefichwa kwenye skrini pana. Sehemu ya meta, inayojumuisha kushiriki kwa kijamii na maoni, hutumia rangi ya mpaka inayolingana na kichwa. Baadhi ya vipengele vya mwingiliano katika meta hufichwa. Eneo kuu la media limewekwa kwa uangalifu, likiwa na upana kamili kwenye skrini ndogo na pembe hasi kidogo. Maelezo ya picha yapo chini ya media, na rangi ya mandharinyuma na maandishi inayojibadilisha kulingana na mandhari. Kitufe cha maelezo kimewekwa chini kulia, na kinaweza kufichwa ikihitajika. Katika hali ya giza, rangi fulani za maandishi na viungo hurekebishwa kwa utofauti bora. Safu kuu ya maudhui ya mwingiliano ina mpaka wa juu mrefu kidogo kwenye skrini kubwa, na vichwa vina upana mdogo.
Mwezi uliopita, nilisimama katika kiwanda kikubwa zaidi cha ice-cream nchini Uingereza na kutazama keki ya ice-cream ya Viennetta yenye ladha ya mint yenye urefu wa mita 5 ikitengenezwa. Kiwanda hicho, kinachomilikiwa na Kampuni ya Magnum Ice Cream, kinazalisha chapa tisa tofauti za ice-cream na kiko katika jengo kubwa huko Gloucester, ambapo hewa imejaa harufu ya custard. Nilipoingia, nilipita karibu na sehemu za Twister na Solero, nikipitia mawingu ya harufu ya matunda, kabla ya kufika kwenye mstari wa kusanyiko wa Viennetta, ambapo kila kitu kilikuwa na harufu safi ya mint. Viennetta hujengwa kwenye mkanda wa kusafirisha na mfumo wa kiotomatiki kabisa, na kuutazama ukijitengeneza kulikuwa na mvuto wa ajabu. Kila inchi chache, bomba lililounganishwa kwenye mkanda lilimwaga safu ya ice-cream ya mint yenye mapambo, kisha bomba lingine likalainisha safu ya vanilla juu, ikifuatiwa na mchuzi wa chokoleti, na kisha kurudi kwenye mint yenye mapambo tena. Ikaendelea na kuendelea, safu juu ya safu, huku Viennetta zilizokamilika zikitoka mwishoni mwa mstari kwa kiwango cha keki 200 kila sekunde 60.
Ndoo ya uchafu iliyojaa Viennetta iliyozidi ilikuwa pembeni ya mkanda wa kusafirisha, na nikapambana na hamu kubwa ya kuingiza vidole vyangu ndani yake. Baadaye, meneja wa uendeshaji wa kiwanda aliniruhusu kuingiza mkono wangu wote ndani ya ndoo hadi kwenye kifundo cha mkono, kisha kulamba mkono wangu kwenye sinki kabla ya kuuosha na kuendelea na ziara.
Tazama picha kwa ukubwa kamili
Mkanda wa kusafirisha wa Viennetta …
Tazama picha kwa ukubwa kamili
… na Magnum katika kiwanda cha ice-cream cha kampuni
Nilikuwa nimesafiri kwenda kiwandani wakati mgumu kwa ice-cream. Magnum, inayomiliki Viennetta, Ben & Jerry's, Solero, na Twister, pamoja na lolli nyingine nyingi unazoweza kununua kutoka kwenye gari la ice-cream, iliripoti mauzo yakianguka katika robo ya mwisho ya 2025. Sekta ya ice-cream duniani ina thamani ya £85bn, na Magnum inadhibiti 20% yake, kwa hivyo hatari ni kubwa. Mnamo Juni, Magnum ilikuwa hisa kubwa iliyofupishwa zaidi barani Ulaya, huku wawekezaji wakibashiri dhidi ya kampuni hiyo kwa sababu ya mashaka kuhusu jinsi ice-cream itakavyonusurika katika enzi ya Ozempic. Mauzo ya Magnum yaliongezeka katika robo ya hivi karibuni, yakichochewa na joto la rekodi, lakini bei ya hisa bado inabadilikabadilika kwa sababu wawekezaji wanaogopa watu hawatakula ice-cream nyingi siku zijazo, anasema mchambuzi wa masoko David Hayes kutoka benki ya uwekezaji ya Jefferies. Nchini Marekani, ambapo mtu mmoja kati ya wanane sasa anatumia GLP-1, mauzo ya ice-cream yamepungua katika mwaka uliopita, kulingana na kampuni ya utafiti wa watumiaji NielsenIQ. Sekta ya ice-cream ya Uingereza inaonekana kukabiliwa na hatma hiyo hiyo: watu wazima milioni 1.6 nchini Uingereza walitumia dawa za kupunguza uzito kati ya 2024 na 2025, na idadi hiyo inatabiriwa kuruka baada ya kutolewa kwa kidonge cha pili cha kupunguza uzito cha Uingereza, ambacho ni cha bei nafuu zaidi, mwezi huu.
Dawa kama hizo sio shida pekee ambayo watengenezaji wa ice-cream wanapaswa kukabiliana nayo. Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, kadiri utamaduni wa siha unavyozidi kupata kasi, ugunduzi unaokua wa protini na nyuzi umebadilisha jinsi tunavyokula. Protini inatangazwa kama tiba ya kichawi kwa shida za kila aina: perimenopause, wasiwasi, hamu ya kulala usingizi saa 3 asubuhi. Bei ya whey, unga wa manjano, wenye vumbi, uliojaa protini unaotengenezwa kutoka maziwa yaliyoganda, uko kwenye kiwango cha juu cha kimataifa, na Marekani iko kwenye uhaba wa jibini la cottage, ambalo lina protini nyingi na mafuta kidogo kuliko jibini la kawaida. Mahitaji yamekuwa makali sana hivi kwamba watu wanauziana nadharia za njama kuhusu uhaba wake mtandaoni.
Watumiaji wa GLP-1 hula kidogo, lakini wanashauriwa kula protini zaidi ili wasipoteze misuli, jambo linaloleta tatizo kwa sekta ya ice-cream. (Twister ina nusu gramu tu ya protini.) Wazimu wa protini umeenea sana hivi kwamba unaathiri hata wale ambao hawangechukua dawa ya kupunguza uzito. Nchini Uingereza, mtu mmoja kati ya 40 sasa ana gout, huku baadhi ya wataalamu wa lishe wakilaumu ongezeko hilo kwa wanaume wanaotumia protini kupita kiasi kujaribu kujenga misuli. Kwenye TikTok, watu wenye ushawishi wa mazoezi hunywa viini vya mayai na hata kucheza na wazo la kula chakula cha mbwa kwa sababu ya uwiano wake wa kuvutia wa protini kwa kalori. Kwa kujibu, Magnum imeunda mstari mpya wa ice-cream na ndoo zilizoimarishwa kwa protini na vitamini, ambazo wanapanga kuzindua nchini Uingereza hivi karibuni. Kadiri ladha za watumiaji zinavyobadilika, je, sekta ya ice-cream inaweza kupata njia mpya za kutushawishi kununua vitandamra vyao?
Siku chache kabla ya kutembelea kiwanda, nilienda kwenye kitovu cha uvumbuzi cha Magnum huko Colworth, Bedfordshire, kujaribu ice-cream zao mpya zilizojaa virutubisho. Kitovu hicho ni mfululizo wa maabara zenye kuta za glasi, ambapo wanasayansi na wapishi hujaribu mapishi mapya. Niliongozwa kwenye jiko la maonyesho safi na kuketi kwenye meza ya mkutano kinyume na mfano wa ubongo wa binadamu wenye rangi (ice-cream "huwasha" sehemu zake tofauti). Mpishi alitokea akiwa na trei iliyokuwa na kitu kilichoonekana kama lipstick lakini kwa kweli kilikuwa lolly ndogo nyekundu ya barafu iliyofichwa ndani ya kasha la lipstick.
Baada ya kumaliza lolly—ambalo nilikula kwa hamu hivi kwamba sikuonja vizuri—Zbigniew Lewicki, afisa mkuu wa utafiti, muundo, na uvumbuzi wa Magnum, alizungumza nami kuhusu baadhi ya ice-cream za kwanza zilizotengenezwa kiwandani nchini Uingereza. Wall's, mojawapo ya chapa za zamani zaidi chini ya mwavuli wa Magnum, ilianza kuuza ice-cream kutoka kiwanda huko Acton, London, mnamo 1922. Wall's awali ilikuwa duka la nyama, lakini kampuni ilibadilisha hadi ice-cream kama njia mbadala ya kukabiliana na majira ya joto badala ya soseji, kwa kuwa nyama haikuuzwa vizuri kwenye joto. Wauzaji wa ice-cream wa mitaani wamekuwepo nchini Uingereza tangu miaka ya 1850, wakitumia mikokoteni ya farasi. Lakini kwa kuwasili kwa friji ya mitambo mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20, uzalishaji mkubwa wa ice-cream ukawawezekana. Kadiri kaya za Uingereza zilivyoanza kununua friji mwishoni mwa miaka ya 70, ice-cream ilihamia kwenye maduka makubwa. Miaka ya 80—ambayo mwandishi wa chakula Ruby Tandoh ameiita "enzi ya dhahabu" ya ice-cream ya Uingereza—iliona uvumbuzi wa Twister, Viennetta, Calippo, na Feast.
"Mahali hapa ningelinganisha na James Bond anaporudi na kumwambia mwanasayansi wake, 'Nahitaji kalamu hii ya kupiga risasi.'"
Kazi ya kitovu cha uvumbuzi ni kuunda ice-cream mpya ambazo zinaweza kuwa za kikabila kama zile za kawaida za miaka ya 80. Lewicki alisema mojawapo ya mabadiliko makubwa anayoyaona ni mwelekeo mpya wa "mabadiliko ya afya na lishe yaliyochangiwa na uwazi." Sasa wanashughulika na aina mpya ya mlaji ambaye anajali sana kujua nini hasa kiko kwenye ice-cream yao. "Watu wengi, hasa kizazi kipya, husoma lebo siku hizi," alisema. Lewicki ni mtu mchangamfu, mwenye haiba, na alisisitiza kuwa sekta imebadilika "kwa njia nzuri zaidi"—lakini kulikuwa na dalili kidogo ya wasiwasi katika sauti yake alipozungumzia kizazi hiki kipya cha wasomaji wa lebo.
Trei nyingine ilifika kwenye kiwiko changu, na nikapewa ice-cream mpya ambayo Magnum inaiita Hydro:Ice. Wasomaji wa lebo wanaoangalia nyuma ya kifurushi hiki cha ice-cream watapata orodha ndefu ya vitamini na madini: vitamini C, magnesiamu, na B2 nyingi sana hivi kwamba inang'aa gizani. Mpishi alinialika kuweka mkono wangu ulioshikilia ice-cream ndani ya sanduku lenye mwanga wa UV, na nikaona lolly yangu ikiwaka na kung'aa kijani kibichi cha neon. Michelle Neville, mwanasayansi wa tabia aliyeajiriwa na Magnum kuelewa walao ice-cream, aliniongoza kupitia wasifu wa mteja wa Hydro:Ice. "Wanazingatia sana mwonekano wao," alisema. "Nywele ziko sawa, kucha ziko sawa, nyusi ziko sawa." Hydro:Ice ilizinduliwa huko Ibiza msimu wa joto uliopita kwa kampeni iliyoitwa "Ravers Are Athletes Too." Nilipokuwa nikila yangu, Neville alinionyesha video ya utangazaji ya mwanamke mwembamba kwenye kinu cha kukanyaga, akilamba lolly ya barafu.
Matoleo mapya yanajumuisha lolly inayong'aa gizani … na matoleo madogo ya classics.
Ifuatayo, niliombwa kujaribu ice-cream ndogo zinazoitwa Bonbons—matoleo madogo ya Soleros na Magnums ambayo yanaonekana k
