Yayin da lokacin zafi mai zafi a Turai ke ci gaba, ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata suna matsawa don sababbin dokoki don yaƙi da matsanancin zafi mai haɗari, wanda ke da alaƙa da kiyasin mutuwar ma'aikata 230 a kowace shekara. Adadin wannan shekara zai iya zama ma fi girma, inda Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta riga ta danganta mutuwar 1,300 da suka wuce kima a Turai da zafin watan Yuni, da kuma wasu kiyasin da suka kai 20,000.
Ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata suna son iyakokin zafin wurin aiki da za a iya aiwatarwa bisa ga ma'aunin zafi na wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT), wanda ke auna ikon jiki na sanyaya kansa, tare da tilasta kimanta haɗarin zafi a wuraren aiki. Suna kuma kira ga haƙƙin hutu na zafi, inuwa a waje, ruwa, sanyaya, da daidaita lokutan aiki da za a haɗa cikin wata doka mai zuwa game da ingantaccen aiki, bisa ga daftarin umarni da Guardian ta gani.
Enrico Somaglia, babban sakataren Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta Abinci, Noma da Yawon Buɗe Ido (Effat), ya ce: "Canjin yanayi ba ƙalubalen muhalli ne mai nisa ba. Haɗarin lafiya da aminci ne na yau da kullun a wurin aiki da kuma barazana ga zaman lafiyar aiki. Tsarin doka na Turai na yanzu bai isa ya kare mu daga gare shi ba."
Duk da cewa rubutun daftarin ba takardar doka ba ne, amma 'yan majalisa da jami'ai masu goyon baya suna ɗauka yayin da lokacin zafi mai zafi na 2026 ke tura batun zuwa matsayi mafi girma a ajandar siyasa. Shirin yana ba da shawarar iyakokin WBGT mafi girma a wurin aiki daga 30°C zuwa 32.5°C, dangane da ko aiki yana da ƙarfi sosai ko kuma mara ƙarfi. Sama da waɗannan yanayin zafi, za a dakatar da aiki. Ma'aikata da suka karya dokoki za su fuskanci hukunci "mai tasiri, daidaitacce, da kuma hana sake faruwa."
Effat na ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata uku da ke wakiltar ma'aikata miliyan 15 waɗanda ke goyon bayan dokar lafiyar zafi da aka tsara, tare da Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta Ma'aikatan Jama'a da Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta Ma'aikatan Gine-gine da Katako, a cikin ƙaruwar goyon bayan ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata.
A Burtaniya, inda aka ba da gargaɗin zafi mai ruwan hoda don kudu maso yammacin Ingila a ranar Laraba kuma ana sa ran yanayin zafi zai ƙaru a cikin sabon zafi mai zafi, Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata (TUC) tana kira ga ministoci su gabatar da iyakar zafin aiki. Wannan buƙata kwanan nan ta sami goyon bayan masu ba da shawara na gwamnati a Kwamitin Canjin Yanayi.
TUC na son dokoki don tabbatar da cewa ma'aikata sun ɗauki matakai don rage yanayin zafi a wurin aiki idan ya wuce 24°C, da kuma haƙƙin ma'aikata na dakatar da aiki idan yanayin zafi ya kai 30°C, ko 27°C ga waɗanda ke yin ayyuka masu wahala. Paul Nowak, babban sakataren TUC, ya ce canjin yanayi mai sauri yana kawo haɗari masu mahimmanci a wurin aiki waɗanda ke buƙatar magance su. "Ya kamata a kiyaye wuraren aiki na cikin gida a yanayin zafi mai dadi, tare da sassauta tsarin tufafi da aiki mai sassauƙa don amfani da mafi kyawun lokutan rana. Kuma dole ne ma'aikata su tabbatar da cewa ma'aikatan waje suna da kariya ta hanyar hutu na yau da kullun, ruwa mai yawa, maganin rana, da tufafin kariya masu dacewa," in ji shi.
Ƙungiyar Yajin Zafi da aka kafa bayan mafi zafin rana a Burtaniya a 2022 ta ƙara ƙarfafa ayyukanta, tana kira ga matakin ƙasa wanda mutane 1,500 suka shiga a cikin zafin ƙarshen watan Yuni. Masu fafutuka, waɗanda ƙungiyoyi kamar Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Gasa, Abinci da Haɗin Kai, Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Kashe gobara, Greenpeace, War on Want, da Extinction Rebellion ke tallafawa, sun kafa wuraren sanyaya don rarraba ruwa da shawarwarin lafiya a cikin garuruwa daga Exeter zuwa York. Wasu magoya baya sun gudanar da ficewa daga aiki na alama a lokacin abincin rana don nuna goyon baya ga waɗanda ke fama da matsanancin zafi.
Dumamar yanayi na ƙaruwa da sauri, kuma Turai tana yin zafi sau biyu fiye da matsakaicin duniya. Har zuwa ma'aikata miliyan 130 yanzu suna fuskantar matsanancin zafi a wurin aiki, inda 277,000 ke raunata kowace shekara, bisa ga bincike na Cibiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ma'aikata ta Turai. Maria Ohisalo, 'yar majalisar Green ta Finland kuma mai ba da rahoto ga rahoton majalisa, ta yi tsokaci game da halin da ake ciki. Rahoton majalisa game da matsanancin yanayin zafi a wurin aiki yana goyon bayan yunƙurin ƙungiyar. Ta ce: "A yanzu, babu dokokin Turai gaba ɗaya don kare ma'aikata daga zafi (ko sanyi) a wurin aiki—sai dai cakuda shawarwari marasa ƙarfi. Amma ma'aikata a ko'ina suna buƙatar irin kariyar da dokoki masu ɗaurewa da daidaito kawai za su iya bayarwa."
Ana iya ƙara sababbin dokokin zafi a cikin Dokar Ingantaccen Aiki, wadda Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta yi alkawarin gabatarwa a wannan shekara. Duk da haka, za su fara buƙatar shawo kan adawa daga wasu ministocin kwadago a ƙasashen EU masu karkata zuwa dama, waɗanda suka fi son shawarwari marasa ƙarfi.
Hukumar ba ta amsa buƙatar yin tsokaci ba.
Tambayoyi da Aka Yi Yawa
Ga jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawa game da yunƙurin sababbin kariyar zafi ga ma'aikata a duk faɗin Turai
Tambayoyi na Matakin Farko
1. Menene ainihin matsanancin zafi a wurin aiki?
Matsanancin zafi yana faruwa lokacin da jikinka ya kasa yin sanyi sosai. Ba kawai jin zafi ba ne, yana iya haifar da gajiyar zafi, ciwon tsoka, ko ma bugun zafi. Haɗarin lafiya ne mai tsanani ga mutanen da ke aiki a wuraren dafa abinci masu zafi, ɗakunan ajiya, wuraren gini, ko waje a rana.
2. Me yasa ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata ke matsawa don sababbin dokoki yanzu?
Domin lokutan zafi suna ƙara zafi da tsayi saboda canjin yanayi. Tsofaffin dokoki ba su isa ba. Ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata suna son iyakoki na doka masu bayyana don kare ma'aikata daga zafi mai haɗari.
3. Wane irin kariya ne ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata ke nema?
Suna son abubuwa kamar:
- Iyakar zafin doka don aiki a ciki da waje
- Hutun dole a wurare masu sanyi
- Samun ruwan sha mai sanyi kyauta
- Dokoki don rage saurin aiki yayin lokutan zafi
- Ingantacciyar iska da na'urorin sanyaya
4. Waɗannan sababbin kariyar za su taimaki wa?
Kusan duk wanda ke aiki a wuri mai zafi. Wannan ya haɗa da ma'aikatan gini, ma'aikatan ɗakunan ajiya, direbobin bayarwa, ma'aikatan dafa abinci, manoma, lambu, da ma'aikatan masana'anta.
5. Wannan matsala ce kawai ga ma'aikatan waje?
A'a. Ma'aikatan cikin gida ma suna iya shan wahala, musamman a wuraren yin burodi, wuraren wanki, masana'antu ba tare da kwandishan ba, da wuraren dafa abinci na kasuwanci. Zafi na iya taruwa a ciki ko da a ranaku masu sanyi.
Tambayoyi na Matsakaicin Mataki
6. Shin ma'aikata ba su da aikin kulawa?
Ee suna da. Amma ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata suna jayayya cewa aikin kulawa na yanzu bai bayyana sosai ba. Bai saita iyakar zafin takamaiman ba, don haka yana da wuya ma'aikata su aiwatar da shi. Sababbin dokoki za su mai da shi buƙatun doka bayyananne, ba kawai shawara ba.
7. Wane iyakar zafin takamaiman ne ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata ke ba da shawara?
Babu lamba ɗaya ga duk Turai tukuna, amma ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata da yawa suna matsawa don iyakar zafin aiki na kusan 30°C don aikin cikin gida da 25°C don aikin jiki mai nauyi. Idan ya yi zafi fiye da haka, dole ne a dakatar da aiki ko a rage shi sosai.
8. Shin waɗannan dokokin za su shafi ma'aikatan nesa ko mutanen da ke cikin motoci?
Wannan babbar tambaya ce. Ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata suna matsawa don haɗa direbobin bayarwa, direbobin manyan motoci, da mutanen da ke aiki daga gida.
