Duniya tana ƙara yin zafi yayin da gurɓataccen carbon da ake samu daga kona mai da ke ƙonewa ke tattara ƙarin zafi. Amma Turai tana yin zafi sau biyu fiye da sauran nahiyoyi. Wannan ya riga ya haifar da sakamako mai muni, inda dubban mutane suka mutu a cikin zafin rana a wannan bazara kaɗai.
Don haka me yasa Turai ke fuskantar matsalar dumamar yanayi sosai?
Ƙasa tana yin zafi da sauri fiye da manyan tekuna masu zurfi, don haka duk nahiyoyi suna yin zafi fiye da teku. Amma Turai tana da rauni musamman saboda dalilai huɗu: canjin yanayin iska, kusancinta da Arctic, raguwar rufin dusar ƙanƙara, da tsaftatacciyar iska.
Sakamakon haka, Turai yanzu tana da zafi kusan 2.5°C fiye da kafin a fara kona mai da yawa—kusan sau biyu na matsakaicin haɓakar duniya na 1.4°C. Tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1990, yanayin zafi a Turai ya hauhawa da 0.56°C a kowace shekara goma, idan aka kwatanta da 0.42°C a Arewacin Amurka, 0.36°C a Afirka, da 0.27°C a Kudancin Amurka.
Ta yaya yanayin Turai ya canza?
Canje-canje a yadda yanayin iska ke tafiya a kan Turai ya haifar da ƙarin zafin rana mai yawa da ƙarfi a lokacin rani. Wannan ya haɗa da mafi muni da aka taɓa gani, a watan Yuni 2026, lokacin da babban yanki na iska mai zafi ya makale a ƙarƙashin wani “humban zafi” da ba ya motsi.
Masana kimiyya har yanzu suna nazarin nawa dumamar yanayi ke haifar da waɗannan canje-canjen a cikin zagayowar iska, amma alaƙa tana ƙara zama mai yiwuwa.
Dokta Samantha Burgess, daga Sabis ɗin Canjin Yanayi na Copernicus na EU, ta ce: “Muna ganin canje-canje masu mahimmanci a cikin yanayin matsin ƙasa da sauran ma'aunin zagayowar iska idan muka kalli yanayin shekaru 40 ko fiye da suka wuce. A wannan lokacin, suna da alaƙa da canjin yanayi fiye da canjin yanayi na halitta.”
Wannan na iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin jet stream—iska mai sauri, mai tsayi sosai wadda ke tasiri sosai ga yanayin Turai kuma ita kanta tana shafar haɓakar zafi.
Me yasa Arctic ke da muhimmanci?
Arctic tana yin zafi da sauri fiye da kowane yanki a duniya, ko da yake ba ta da ƙasa. Wannan saboda farin ƙanƙarar da ke kan iyakar arewa, wadda yawanci tana mayar da mafi yawan hasken rana zuwa sararin samaniya, tana narkewa da sauri. Yayin da take narkewa, duhun teku da ke ƙarƙashinta yana ɗaukar ƙarin zafi, wanda hakan ke narkar da ƙarin ƙanƙara—wanda ke haifar da zagayowar mugunta. Tunda yawancin Turai suna kusa da Arctic, yanayin zafi a can ma yana hauhawa da sauri.
Me game da rufin dusar ƙanƙara?
A da, yawancin Turai suna samun dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin hunturu. Kamar ƙanƙarar tekun Arctic, wannan dusar ƙanƙara tana mayar da hasken rana kuma tana sanyaya nahiyar. Amma canjin yanayi yana rage wuraren da dusar ƙanƙara ke rufewa.
A cikin Maris 2025, rufin dusar ƙanƙara na Turai ya kasance kusan kilomita murabba'i miliyan 1.3 ƙasa da matsakaicin 1991–2020—raguwar 31%. Wannan yanki da ya ɓace ya kai girman Faransa, Italiya, Jamus, Switzerland, da Ostiriya a haɗe. Shi ne na uku mafi ƙanƙanta a rufin dusar ƙanƙara tun lokacin da aka fara rikodin a 1983.
Me yasa tsaftatacciyar iska ke shafar yanayin zafi?
Gurɓataccen iska yana kashe miliyoyin mutane a duniya kowace shekara, don haka nasarar Turai wajen rage fitar da gubar iska a shekarun da suka gabata abu ne mai kyau a fili. Duk da haka, tsaftatacciyar iska tana kuma fallasa cikakken tasirin haɓakar carbon dioxide.
Ƙwayoyin gurɓatawa na iya mayar da hasken rana, ko dai kai tsaye ko kuma ta hanyar taimakawa wajen samar da gizagizai, wanda ke hana wasu zafi isa ƙasa. Da ƙarancin ƙwayoyin, akwai ƙarancin mayar da haske, don haka ana jin ƙarin zafi daga iskar gas. Ƙarancin gurɓatawa na iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da ƙarin yanayin toshewar iska.
Wane muhimmanci ne kowane ɗayan waɗannan dalilai huɗu ke da shi?
Amsar gajeru ita ce masana kimiyya ba su sani ba tukuna, amma suna fatan samun ƙididdiga a shekara mai zuwa.
Burgess ta ce: “Abin da za mu iya faɗa shi ne cewa muhimmancin kowane ɗayan dole ne ya bambanta da yanayi. Kusancin Arctic yana da muhimmanci a kaka da hunturu, yayin da canje-canjen zagayowar iska tun daga ƙarshen 1970s suka fi muhimmanci a lokacin rani.”
Ragewar gurɓataccen iska ya fi fitowa fili a lokacin hunturu, saboda ƙarancin dumama da gawayi a gidaje, kuma rufin dusar ƙanƙara ma batun hunturu ne. A shekarun da suka gabata, dumamar hunturu a Turai ta fi ƙarfi a arewa, yayin da dumamar rani ta fi ƙarfi a kudu maso gabas. Menene sakamakon? Zafin da ke ƙaruwa da sauri yana haifar da ƙarin mutuwa, ƙarin gobarar daji mai ƙarfi, da ƙarin fari. Guguwa, ruwan sama mai ƙarfi, da ambaliya ma suna ƙara ƙarfi saboda ƙarin zafi a cikin tsarin yanayi. Waɗannan tasirin suna shafar rayuwa da rayuwar mutane a duk faɗin nahiyar, kuma za su ci gaba da ƙara muni har sai an rage fitar da iskar gas zuwa sifili. Muna buƙatar gaggawar rage gurɓataccen CO2 da sauri kuma mu aiwatar da matakan kare mutane.
Shugaban hukumar yanayi ta UN, Simon Stiell, ya ce a ƙarshen Yuli: “Mummunan farashin wannan rikicin yanayi—na ɗan adam da na tattalin arziki—yanzu ya kai matakin gaggawa na ƙasa. Abin da ya kamata a yi a bayyane yake: barin gawayi, mai, da iskar gas da sauri, haɓaka sabbin makamashi, da kare mutane.”
Dandalin yanayi na Guardian 2026: A Talata 20 ga Oktoba, shiga Damian Carrington da ƙungiyar masana mu, ciki har da Farfesa Andy Haines, Katie White MP, Asad Rehman, Shruti Suresh, Gareth Thomas, da Amy Fairman, don maraice mai bege da mai da hankali kan mafita. Siyi tikiti anan ko a guardian.live.
Ƙetare tallan wasiƙar labarai. Wasiƙar labarai kyauta | Mako-mako. Yi rajista zuwa Down to Earth. Mafi muhimman labaran duniya. Sami duk labaran muhalli na mako—mai kyau, mara kyau, da muhimmi. Shigar da imel ɗinka. Yi rajista. Bayan tallan wasiƙar labarai.
An gyara wannan labarin a ranar 12 ga Agusta 2026. Wani sigar farko ta ce rufin dusar ƙanƙara da ke rufe Turai a Maris 2025 ya kasance kilomita murabba'i miliyan 1.3; wannan ya kamata ya ce kilomita murabba'i miliyan 1.3 ƙasa da matsakaicin 1991-2020.
Tambayoyin da Aka Yi Yawa
Anan akwai jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawa game da dalilin da yasa Turai ke yin zafi fiye da sauran nahiyoyi, an rubuta su cikin yanayi na halitta kuma mai sauƙin fahimta
Tambayoyi na Gabaɗaya na Farko
1 Shin gaskiya ne cewa Turai tana yin zafi fiye da sauran duniya
E Turai ita ce nahiya mafi saurin yin zafi a duniya A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, yanayin zafi a Turai ya tashi kusan sau biyu na matsakaicin duniya
2 Me yasa Turai ke yin zafi da sauri fiye da, alal misali, Arewacin Amurka ko Asiya
Yana da haɗin yanayin ƙasa da kimiyyar lissafi Turai tana kusa da Tekun Atlantika da Arctic kuma tana kan hanyar manyan tsarin yanayi Yayin da duniya ke yin zafi, waɗannan tsarin na musamman suna canzawa ta hanyar da ke tura ƙarin zafi kai tsaye zuwa Turai
3 Shin wannan yana nufin Turai tana samun ƴan lokutan rani masu zafi ne kawai ko kuma wannan yanayi ne na dogon lokaci
Wannan tabbas yanayi ne na dogon lokaci Shekaru biyar da suka gabata sune mafi zafi a tarihin Turai kuma nahiyar tana ganin haɓakar matsakaicin yanayin zafi a kowace shekara goma, ba kawai lokutan zafi na bazata ba
4 Shin Gulf Stream yana tsayawa ne Shin hakan ya sa yana yin zafi
Ba ya tsayawa amma yana raguwa Gulf Stream yana kawo ruwan dumi daga wurare masu zafi zuwa Turai Yayin da yake raguwa, yana haifar da tasiri mai rikitarwa—yana iya sanyaya arewa mai nisa amma yana lalata yanayin iska ta hanyar da ke tura busasshiyar iska mai zafi daga Afirka zuwa sauran Turai akai-akai
5 Shin dumamar Turai wani ɓangare ne na zagayowar halitta kamar Lokacin Dumi na Tsakiyar Zamani
A'a Dumamar yanzu tana faruwa da sauri sosai kuma tana da yawa fiye da zagayowar halitta Masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa haɓakar da ke faruwa da sauri yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da ayyukan ɗan adam kamar kona mai, maimakon zagayowar rana ko dutsen mai aman wuta
Abubuwan Da Ke Haifarwa Kimiyya
6 Menene ainihin Ƙarfafawar Arctic kuma ta yaya yake shafar Turai
Ƙarfafawar Arctic yana nufin Arctic tana yin zafi kusan sau huɗu fiye da sauran duniya Yayin da farin ƙanƙarar teku ke narkewa, yana fallasa duhun ruwan teku wanda ke ɗaukar ƙarin hasken rana maimakon mayar da shi Wannan yana raunana jet stream—kogin iska wanda yawanci ke kulle iska mai sanyi a arewa Lokacin da jet stream ya zama marar ƙarfi, yana barin iska mai zafi ta shiga arewa zuwa Turai kuma iska mai sanyi ta gangara
