Mai shirya fina-finai ’yar Jamaica mai lambar yabo, Sosiessia Nixon, ta fitar da wani sabon fim da ke bincika al’adar obeah ta Jamaica mai dorewa—wata hanya ta warkarwa ta ruhaniya da ta samo asali daga sihirin Afirka ta Yamma.
Fim ɗinta mai tsauri mai cike da shakku mai suna Stew Peas yana bin diddigin jami’ar bincike ’yar Jamaica Tessa, wadda ta shaku da wani tsohon shari’ar kisa. Rayuwar Tessa ta fara rugujewa lokacin da ta gane cewa mijinta, Neil, ya faɗa ƙarƙashin rinjayar sabuwar kuyangarta, Marcia. Labarin ya ɗauki wani juyi mai duhu tare da gano abin mamaki cewa Marcia tana ƙara wani sirrin abu a cikin abincin Neil: jininta na haila.
“Wannan fim yana mai da hankali kan imanin Jamaica na dindindin game da obeah—cewa mace na iya ‘daure’ namiji a cikin dangantaka ta hanyar yi masa miyar wake da nama, wadda ta zama maganin soyayya mai ƙarfi idan aka haɗa shi da jininta na haila,” in ji Nixon.
Nixon na fatan fim ɗin zai tada tattaunawa game da tashin hankali tsakanin Kiristanci da obeah, wata al’ada da ta samo asali daga gadon Afirka na Jamaica. Duk da cewa ’yan mulkin mallaka sun haramta shi a ƙarni na 1700 kuma har yanzu ba bisa doka ba, ana ci gaba da yin obeah.
“Tunanin daure namiji da stew peas har yanzu abu ne mai tsananin haramci a Jamaica, kuma ina so in buɗe tattaunawa. Ina so in bincika wannan tsarin imani sosai. Jama’a sukan ce imani yana kashewa kuma imani yana warkarwa—ma’ana duk abin da ka yi imani zai faru, yana faruwa. To, shin wannan abu yana aiki da gaske?” in ji Nixon.
Ta girma a St. Thomas, wani yanki mai zaman lafiya a bakin teku a kudu maso gabashin Jamaica wanda wani lokaci ake kira “obeah parish,” Nixon ta ce ta sami wahayi daga abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwa. “Na shaida obeah da yawa yayin girma a St. Thomas,” in ji ta.
Mai shiryawa kuma jaruma Ava Eagle Brown, wacce ta kafa bikin fina-finai na Black River na Jamaica, ta yi imanin cewa fim ɗin zai yi tasiri ga mutanen Caribbean a ko’ina. “Akwai mu da yawa a cikin wannan fim—abubuwan da suka sa mu zama ’yan Jamaica, musamman idan kana cikin ’yan gudun hijira… yana dawo da kai gida,” in ji ta.
Brown, wacce kuma ta fito a fim ɗin, ta ƙara da dariya: “Wataƙila zai sa wasu maza su kalli abokan zamansu da shakku su tambaya, ‘Me ka sa a cikin stew peas na?’ Amma da gaske, na gaya wa ɗana ya tabbata bai ci stew peas daga kowace mace ba!”
Sonjah Stanley Niaah, masaniyar nazarin al’adu ’yar Jamaica kuma darektan Cibiyar Binciken Ramuwa ta Jami’ar West Indies, ta ce imanin stew peas yana da alaƙa da ra’ayin Afirka cewa abubuwan halitta—ciki har da jininta na haila—suna da iko na asali. Ta bayyana cewa ana amfani da wake ja don rufe jinin don kada namijin da ake yi wa sihiri ya lura da shi.
Stanley Niaah ta yi maraba da damar bincika ayyukan ruhaniya na Afirka, wanda ta ce galibi ana fahimtar su ba daidai ba. Waɗannan al’adun ’yan mulkin mallaka na Turai sun zarge su kuma suka haramta su, suna danganta su da juriya da tawaye tsakanin ’yan Afirka da aka bautar.
“Mutane a wannan yanki na duniya ’yan asalin Afirka ne, kuma muna ɗauke da al’adar ruhaniya ta Afirka mai wadata a cikin jinimmu—abu ne da muka gada. Amma a yau, ruhaniyar Afirka ba ta samun kulawa ko karɓuwa. Ba a koyar da ita a makarantu. Muna tsoron kanmu sosai har muna watsi da ita,” in ji ta.
Ta ƙara: “Akwai tashin hankali mai zurfi, mai ci gaba tsakanin ayyukan Kirista da ruhaniyar Afirka. Ikilisiya ta ba da izinin bautar, don haka yawancin tsarin doka a Caribbean an tsara shi don hana mutanen da aka bautar taruwa—ko don su bauta wa allolinsu ko su shirya tawaye. Wannan tsarin doka yana nan har yau, kamar yadda ake gani a Dokar Obeah ta Jamaica, wadda har yanzu tana kan littattafai.”
Dole ne Jamaica ta ci gaba da yin fina-finai da ke wakiltar yankunanta, al’ummominta, da al’adunta da ƙarfin hali, ko da yake tana fuskantar ƙalubale masu tsanani kamar sake ginawa bayan guguwar Melis. Stanley Niaah ta yi magana. Brown, wacce ta soke bikin fina-finai na wannan shekara bayan guguwar Melissa ta lalata sassan Black River—inda ake yawan gudanar da taron—ta yarda da Stanley Niaah. Ta kira Stew Peas “haske na bege” yayin da masana’antar ƙirƙira ta Jamaica ta dala biliyan ke ƙoƙarin farfadowa.
“A wannan shekara dole ne in jinkirta bikin fina-finai na Black River, wanda ya kasance koma baya na gaske saboda yana taimaka wa masu ƙirƙira na Jamaica su haɗu da duniya, gami da lambobin sadarwa daga manyan cibiyoyin sadarwa kamar Canal+ da Netflix,” in ji ta.
Ta ƙara: “Guguwar ta lalata abubuwa da yawa! Ta lalata kayan aiki, kayan aiki, kuma ga wasu mutane, ta murkushe begensu. Shi ya sa muke buƙatar ayyuka irin wannan—suna nuna juriyar ’yan Jamaica kuma suna aika sako ga duniya cewa har yanzu muna yin kiɗa da fina-finai, muna ƙara wannan taɓawar Jamaican kore, zinari, da baƙi ga nishaɗi.”
Kwamishiniyar fina-finai ta Jamaica, Jackie Jacqueline Jackson, ta ce fina-finai kamar Stew Peas “shaida ce mai ƙarfi ga juriya, ƙirƙira, da ƙudurin masana’antar ƙirƙira ta Jamaica.”
“Yana da mahimmanci mu ci gaba kuma mu nuna cewa Jamaica har yanzu tana buɗe don kasuwanci. Ta hanyar aika wannan sako, muna ƙarfafa samar da fina-finai na duniya su dawo Jamaica, wanda ke tasiri ga ayyukan yi da kashe kuɗi kan samar da fina-finai,” in ji ta.
Tambayoyi da Aka Yi Yawa
Ga jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawa game da fim ɗin Bound by Blood da tsarin imanin Obeah da aka haramta a Jamaica, an rubuta su cikin yanayin tattaunawa na halitta.
Tambayoyi na Matakin Farko
1. Menene ainihin Obeah?
Obeah al’ada ce ta ruhaniya ta gargajiya daga Jamaica wadda ta ƙunshi sihirin jama’a, warkarwa, da amfani da ganyaye. Ana amfani da ita don kariya, soyayya, ramuwa, ko kawo sa’a. Ka yi tunaninta a matsayin haɗin imanin kakanni, ilimin ganyaye, da al’ada.
2. Shin Obeah ba bisa doka ba ne a Jamaica?
E, Obeah laifi ne a ƙarƙashin dokar Jamaica, tare da tushen dokokin zamanin mulkin mallaka da aka tsara don murkushe al’adun ruhaniya na Afirka. Har yanzu ana iya ci tarar mutane ko daure su don yin ta.
3. Menene fim ɗin Bound by Blood game da shi?
Wani sabon shirin gaskiya ne ko fim wanda ke bincika duniyar Obeah ta ɓoye a Jamaica. Yana nuna yadda al’adar ke rayuwa duk da an haramta ta, kuma yana ba da labarun mutane na gaske waɗanda ke amfani da ita ko kuma abin ya shafa.
4. Me yasa aka haramta Obeah idan al’adar Jamaica ce?
Haramcin ya fito ne daga mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya. Burtaniya ta ga Obeah a matsayin barazana saboda ta haɗa ’yan Afirka da aka bautar kuma an yi amfani da ita a tawaye. Dokar ta ci gaba da kasancewa bayan ’yancin kai, wani bangare saboda kyama da tsoro.
5. Shin Obeah daidai yake da voodoo?
A’a, amma ’yan uwa ne. Dukansu sun fito daga al’adun ruhaniya na Afirka ta Yamma, amma Obeah ta keɓanta ga Jamaica da Caribbean masu magana da Ingilishi. Voodoo daga Haiti ce kuma tana da tsarin addini mai tsari.
Tambayoyi na Matsakaici
6. Ta yaya fim ɗin ke ƙalubalantar ra’ayoyin da aka saba game da Obeah?
Fim ɗin yana nuna Obeah ba a matsayin sihiri baƙi ko mugunta ba, amma a matsayin tsarin imani mai rikitarwa da ake amfani da shi don matsalolin yau da kullum—kamar warkar da cuta, nemo abubuwan da suka ɓace, ko warware rikice-rikice. Yana ba da mutuntaka ga masu yin ta.
7. Wanene har yanzu yake yin Obeah a yau?
Galibi ’yan Jamaica na karkara ne, amma kuma wasu mazauna birane da ma ’yan gudun hijira. Masu yin ta galibi ana kiransu mazan Obeah ko matan Obeah. Suna ɓoye shi saboda doka da kyamar jama’a.
8. Menene wasu al’adu ko kayan aikin da ake amfani da su a Obeah?
Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da kyandirori, ganyaye, mai, ƙasusuwan dabbobi, gashin tsuntsaye, da zabura ko addu’o’i da aka rubuta.
