Masu fafutukar kare lafiyar ɗalibai a Amurka suna kiran farkon zangon karatun faɗuwa a jami'o'i "yankin ja". Ƙungiyoyin 'yan'uwa maza, ƙungiyoyin 'yan'uwa mata da mashaya a wajen harabar jami'a suna yin liyafa don maraba da ɗalibai komawa makaranta. Ya kamata ya zama abin nishaɗi, amma kuma yana iya zama haɗari: fiye da kashi 50% na cin zarafin jima'i da ke faruwa a kwalejoji suna faruwa ne a cikin wannan tsawon makonni shida zuwa 10.
A tsakiyar Oktoba na 2024, a lokacin yankin ja kuma kafin ambaliyar bukukuwan Halloween, wata tsohuwar ɗaliba ta Jami'ar Cornell ta ce, wasu gungun 'yan'uwan ƙungiyar 'yan'uwa maza sun yi mata fyaɗe ta hanyar gungu. Kulawa ta kwanan nan kan waɗannan zarge-zargen ya haifar da fushi mai yawa a wannan makon, wanda ya sake tayar da muhawara ta ƙasa mai cike da cece-kuce game da yadda hukumomi ke mayar da martani ga zarge-zargen cin zarafin jima'i a harabar kwalejojin Amurka.
Matashiyar da ba a san sunanta ba a tsakiyar labarin – wadda aka sani da Jane Doe a cikin takardun kotu – ta shigar da ƙarar farar hula a watan da ya gabata, tana zargin maza bakwai da ba ta magunguna da barasa da kuma cin zarafinta cikin tsawon sa'o'i bakwai a gidan ƙungiyar 'yan'uwa maza. Matar da farko ta je gidan ne don ziyartar wata abokiya; ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta isa a cikin maye kuma da son rai ta sha maganin liyafa na ketamine tare da mutanen. Daga baya, in ji ta, maganin ya sa ta rasa ikon jiki, wanda shine maganin sa barci mai raba hankali, yayin da mutanen suka "umurce ta" da ta ci gaba da shan sa.
Jane Doe ta kuma yi zargin cewa binciken cikin gida na jami'ar Ivy League da ya biyo baya ya yi sassauci sosai ga mutanen. Babu wanda aka taɓa tuhuma da wani laifi. An kori biyu saboda rashin da'a, yayin da biyar aka ba su hukunci mafi sauƙi: rubuta maƙala, halartar taron bita ko yin ɗan lokaci na dakatarwa. Wasu har yanzu suna makarantar. Dukan mutanen bakwai sun musanta aikata laifi a lokacin binciken Cornell.
Fushin jama'a kan lamarin ya kai matsayin da ba za a iya jurewa ba ranar Alhamis, lokacin da gwamnan New York Kathy Hochul ta shiga tsakani don nada sabon mai gabatar da ƙara na musamman don bincika lamarin, wanda ainihin lauyan gundumar ya ƙi gabatar da ƙara. Yanzu, babban lauyan jihar Leticia James zai yanke shawara ko za ta kai lamarin gaban babban juri ko a'a, wanda zai yanke shawara ko akwai isassun shaida don tuhumar mutanen da wani laifi.
Duba hoto a cikakken alloKathy Hochul, gwamnan New York, yayin wani taron manema labarai tare da babban lauyan jihar Letitia James, ranar Juma'a a Birnin New York. Hoto: Yuki Iwamura/AP
A cikin wata sanarwa, Jami'ar Cornell ta kare bincikenta na lamarin. Ta rufe reshen ƙungiyar 'yan'uwa maza da abin ya shafa kuma ta hana ƙungiyar shiga harabar. "Za mu ci gaba da nazari da ƙarfafa manufofinmu don tabbatar da cewa muna yin duk abin da za mu iya don haɓaka al'adar da ba za a taɓa jure wa cin zarafin jima'i ba, waɗanda suka fito gaba ana tallafa musu, kuma waɗanda aka samu da laifi ta hanyoyinmu ana hukunta su," in ji sanarwar. (Cornell ta umurci Guardian da ta koma ga wannan sanarwa lokacin da aka nemi sharhi.) Bayan matsin lamba mai tsanani na jama'a, jami'ar ta amince da ɗaukar lauyoyi na waje masu zaman kansu don bincika ko yadda ta tafiyar da zarge-zargen ya dace.
Matthew Van Houten, lauyan gundumar Tompkins, ya ce bai bi lamarin ba shekaru biyu da suka wuce saboda bayanin farko da matar ta ba 'yan sanda bai ce an ba ta magani, an sa ta rasa ikon jiki ko an tilasta mata yin jima'i ba. Daga baya ya ce bai karanta cikakken hirar ta ba, kawai wata gajeriyar sanarwa da 'yan sandan harabar suka rubuta kuma Jane Doe ta sa hannu. Cikakken bayaninta ya haɗa da jumlar: "Zan iya cewa da tabbacin 100 cewa an yi mini fyaɗe," amma wannan bai shiga cikin sanarwar ƙarshe da aka aika wa Van Houten ba.
Nan da nan bayan faruwar lamarin, matar ta yi musayar saƙonni na abokantaka da wasu daga cikin mutanen, tana nuna damuwa game da jita-jita da ke yaɗuwa a harabar game da taron. Ta kuma ci gaba da cewa cin zarafin da ake zargi ya fara ne a matsayin saduwa ta yarda. Ya zama ruwan dare ga waɗanda suka tsira daga cin zarafin jima'i su rage girman abin da suka fuskanta a matsayin hanyar jurewa. Zarge-zargen fyaɗe na ƙarya suna da wuyar gaske.
Ɗaya daga cikin shaidu mafi munin da ke cikin ƙarar ya haɗa da hotunan allo na saƙonnin Snapchat da aka aika a cikin wata tattaunawa ta rukuni na ƙungiyar 'yan'uwa maza, wani ɗan takara mai suna Jonathan Newell da ake zargi ya kira Jane Doe "farji kyauta," yana tallata cin zarafin yayin da yake faruwa.
Abin da ya fi tayar wa mata da yawa hankali game da wannan lamari shi ne yadda irin wannan hali ya zama kamar al'ada. Kusan ɗaya cikin huɗu na mata masu karatun digiri na farko suna fuskantar cin zarafin jima'i a kwaleji, kuma 60% na fyaɗen da suka shafi ɗaliban jami'a wanda wanda abin ya shafa ya sani ne ke aikata su. A bara, wani bincike na mata masu karatun digiri na farko a Cornell ya gano cewa 35% sun fuskanci "saduwa ta jima'i ba tare da yarda ba wanda ya haɗa da ƙarfin jiki, barazanar ƙarfi ko rashin ikon jiki." Wannan ya haura daga 23% a 2023.
"Akwai mutane da yawa a Amurka waɗanda suka ga wannan a matsayin abin da suka saba da shi," in ji Lisa Wade, mataimakiyar farfesa a Tulane kuma marubucin American Hookup: The New Culture of Sex on Campus. "Ba wai kawai abin da ya faru ba, har ma da martanin Cornell."
Duba hoto a cikakken alloHarabar Jami'ar Cornell a Ithaca, New York, ranar Alhamis. Hoto: Lauren Petracca/Reuters
Yayin da lamarin ke ci gaba a kotuna, waɗanda ake kira "Cornell 7" sun zama fuskar jama'a ta yadda cin zarafin jima'i ya daɗe a harabar—da kuma gazawar cibiyoyi da ke barin shi ya ci gaba. Sunayensu da hotunansu suna bayyana a cikin saƙonnin kafofin watsa labarun da ke neman a hukunta su. Cornell Daily Sun, wata jaridar ɗalibai da ta yi ta ba da labarin ƙarar, ita ce ta jagoranci da wata maƙala mai taken "Cornell Ba Za Ta Yi Ba, Za Mu Yi." Ta fara da jera sunayen waɗanda ake zargin maharan. "Mun san ku kuma mun ƙi barin ku amfana daga ɓoyewar wannan Jami'a," in ji hukumar edita.
Wani tsohon marubucin South Park mai suna Toby Morton ya ƙaddamar da wani shafi da ke bayyana abin da Jane Doe ke zargin kowane mutum ya yi mata. Morton ya rubuta a Instagram cewa yana shirin ɗaukar nauyin allunan talla game da lamarin. Jarumar Florence Pugh ta shiga tsakani, tana kira ga maza a kafofin watsa labarun da su kasance "cikin firgita da rashin jin daɗi kamar mu [mata]." Ta ƙara da cewa "kwalejoji/makarantu/jami'o'i suna ci gaba da gazawa mata a duniya [suna gina] maza [waɗanda] ake koya musu ta hanyar lokaci da lokaci cewa za su iya yin mummunar cutarwa kuma ba za a cutar da su ba."
Lokacin da mai ƙirƙirar abun ciki kuma mai sharhi Michael Tracey ya yi barazanar bayyana sunan Jane Doe da bayanan sirrinta—wanda ya karya ka'idojin aikin jarida na shekaru da yawa na ba da rahoto kan waɗanda ake zargin sun zama waɗanda aka yi wa fyaɗe—mata sun cika TikTok don kare ta. Kira na taro irin na Spartacus "Ni Jane Doe ce" ya cika shafukan, inda masu amfani suka raba abubuwan da suka faru da su kan cin zarafin jima'i. "Dukanmu mata Jane Doe ce, kuma dukanmu za mu ci gaba da haɗa kai don ita," in ji rubutun wani faifan bidiyo da aka so fiye da sau 267,000.
Masu ba da shawara kan shiga kwaleji sun gaya wa New York Post cewa wasu daga cikin abokan cinikinsu na makarantar sakandare sun janye aikace-aikacen shawarar farko ga Cornell saboda ba za su ji lafiya a wannan al'umma ba.
Wannan kwararar ta tuna da farkon #MeToo, wani kamfen na hashtag na duniya kan cin zarafin jima'i wanda zarge-zargen farko kan wanda aka yanke wa hukunci mai fyaɗe kuma tsohon mai shirya fina-finai Harvey Weinstein ya kunna. Amma Wade, farfesar Tulane, ta ce tana ganin wannan lamari a matsayin "narkar da gazawar #MeToo," wanda ya yi alkawarin yin lissafi a 2017. Shekaru goma bayan haka, masu tasiri a fannin manosphere suna koya wa mabiyansu ganin mata a matsayin kayan jima'i, kuma Amurkawa sun sake zaɓar mutumin da ya yi taƙama da kama mata "a farji."
Waɗanda suka tsira daga cin zarafin jima'i sun daɗe suna fuskantar wulakanci. Labarin Jane Doe yana da rikitarwa, kuma New York Times ta ruwaito cewa wanda ake zargin ba ta gane an yi mata fyaɗe ba har sai da ta karanta wani yana kwatanta taron haka a wani dandalin sada zumunta; ta aika wa ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda ake tuhuma da saƙo: "A ƙarshen rana babu wani abu daga cikin jima'i da ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma gaskiya na ji daɗin kasancewa tare da kai da matt." Wannan ba martanin rauni ba ne da ba a saba gani ba: ya zama ruwan dare ga waɗanda abin ya shafa su ci gaba da dangantaka da masu cin zarafinsu saboda yana ba su ma'anar iko kan yanayin. Amma jerin lokutan da ke da ruɗani yana ba da makamai ga miyagu da masu sharhi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da ke tura ajandar adawa da mata. Ba a yanke wa waɗannan samarin hukuncin wani laifi ba, kuma masu gabatar da ƙara za su sha wahala wajen yanke musu hukuncin fyaɗe saboda wata matsala ta doka ta jihar New York: ba a ɗaukan wanda abin ya shafa a matsayin wanda ya rasa ikon jiki idan da son rai ta ba da gudummawa ga mayewarta. (Jane Doe ta ce ta isa gidan ƙungiyar 'yan'uwa maza a cikin maye kuma da son rai ta sha abubuwa tare da mutanen, ko da yake ta kuma ce sun tilasta mata shan ketamine.)
The Free Press, wata jarida mai alfahari da "adawa da woke" wadda Bari Weiss ke jagoranta, ta soki "kotun ra'ayin jama'a" saboda "riga ta hukunta" Cornell 7. Dasha Nekrasova, ɗaya daga cikin masu gabatar da shirin Red Scare podcast, ta shafe yawancin makon tana ƙoƙarin wulakanta Jane Doe da kiran matan da suka fusata game da rashin hukuntawa a wannan lamari "marasa hankali."
"Akwai baƙin ciki, rashin imani da babban rashin jin daɗi wanda kuma ke haifar da martani ga wannan," in ji Wade. "#MeToo ya faru, kuma babu wanda ya damu. Ga shi kuma."
Wani fosta a Jami'ar Cornell ranar Alhamis. Hoto: Lauren Petracca/Reuters
Elizabeth Armstrong, farfesa a Jami'ar Michigan da ke nazarin rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi a jami'o'i, ta ce an sami "manyan raƙuman fushi" kan cin zarafin jima'i a harabar tun shekarun 1980, lokacin da Mary Koss ta fara ƙirƙirar kalmar "fyaɗen saduwa." Tattaunawar ƙasa ta ƙarshe ta faru ne a kusan 2015, lokacin da wata ɗaliba ta Jami'ar Columbia ta ɗauki katifa ta zagaya harabar a matsayin wani aikin fasaha game da cin zarafin jima'i da aka yi mata.
Fiye da shekaru goma bayan haka, matsalar ta ƙara tsananta. Gwamnatin Trump ta lalata kariyar Title IX, wadda ta hana nuna bambanci bisa jinsi a jami'o'in da ke karɓar kuɗin tarayya, kuma ta taƙaita ma'anar cin zarafin jima'i a ƙarƙashinta. A wannan makon ne kawai, Trump ya sanar cewa jami'o'i ba su da bukatar bincika cin zarafin da ake yi wa ɗalibai a wajen harabar. (Lamarin Cornell ya faru ne a gidan ƙungiyar 'yan'uwa maza.) "Muna da gwamnati da ke aiki da son rai wajen mayar da kariyar da ake yi wa ɗalibai da suka tsira," in ji Amanda Walsh, mataimakiyar darakta na harkokin waje a Cibiyar Shari'ar Haƙƙin Waɗanda Abin Ya Shafa.
Amma Walsh, wadda ke aiki kusa da waɗanda suka tsira, ta ce matan Gen Z ba su da kunya sosai game da cin zarafin da aka yi musu fiye da tsararrakin da suka gabata, waɗanda galibi ana koya musu cewa mata suna jawowa cin zarafin jima'i ta ayyukansu. "Yana jin kamar an karkata hankali daga magana kan abin da matar ta yi, zuwa ga bincika halin mutanen da abin ya shafa, wanda ya fi dacewa," in ji ta. "Kullum ina sha'awar yadda suke mai da hankali sosai kan halin wanda ya cutar da su, maimakon tambaya: 'Me zan iya yi daban? Me ya sa wannan ya faru da ni?' Ina ganin ɗaliban kwaleji suna adawa da hakan sosai."
Lamarin Cornell ya sake tayar da tattaunawa kan soke rayuwar Girka, tsarin ƙungiyoyin zamantakewar ɗalibai da ke bayan ƙungiyoyin 'yan'uwa maza da mata a Amurka. A wannan makon, wata maƙala ta Vogue ta yi kira ga jami'o'i da su "haramta ƙungiyoyin 'yan'uwa maza har abada." Ba abin da ba a taɓa gani ba: Swarthmore, wata kwalejin fasaha mai sassaucin ra'ayi a Pennsylvania, ta yi haka a 2019 bayan wallafe-wallafen harabar sun fallasa takardu na wariyar launin fata, nuna wariyar jinsi da ƙin luwaɗi da ƙungiyoyin 'yan'uwa maza suka rubuta. "Wannan zai zama canji na gaske, amma ina shakka hakan zai faru," in ji Armstrong.
Elizabeth Allan, wadda ke jagorantar Cibiyar Bincike kan Rigakafin Hazing a Jami'ar Maine, ta ƙara da cewa: "Yana da muhimmanci ga kowa [a rayuwar Girka] ya yi tunani kan yadda waɗannan ƙungiyoyi za su iya nuna manyan ka'idoji da tsammanin al'umma da kuma hanyoyin da ake ƙarfafa [mummunan] hali."
Fiye da komai, Walsh ta damu da yadda duk wannan kulawa kan lamarin za ta shafi Jane Doe, da kuma ɗimbin waɗanda ba a san su ba waɗanda tabbas za su zo bayanta. "Na daɗe a wannan fanni don sanin cewa duk yawan tallafin da za ta samu, za ta sami ƙin yarda daidai da haka a ɗaya gefen," in ji Walsh. "A wannan mataki, tare da yanayin siyasa da martanin kan layi, yana kusan jin kamar tallafa wa wanda ya tsira daga cin zarafin jima'i ana ganinsa a matsayin siyasa ko bangaranci, wanda abin hauka ne."
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
FAQs Baƙin Ciki Rashin Imani da Babban Rashin Jin Daɗi Lamarin Fyaɗen Gungu na Cornell da Gazawar MeToo
1 Menene lamarin fyaɗen gungu na Cornell
A 2015 wata ɗaliba ta Jami'ar Cornell ta ba da rahoton cewa wasu ɗalibai maza da yawa sun yi mata cin zarafin jima'i a wani gidan ƙungiyar 'yan'uwa maza a wajen harabar Lamarin ya ja hankalin ƙasa yayin da yake tafiya ta hanyar ladabtarwa ta harabar Cornell da tsarin shari'ar laifuka Sakamakon ya haɗa da dakatarwa da daga baya yarjejeniyar amincewa ga wanda ake tuhuma ɗaya yayin da wasu ba su fuskanci wani sakamako na laifi ba wanda ya bar wanda ya tsira da masu lura da yawa cikin rashin bege mai zurfi
2 Menene MeToo
MeToo ƙungiya ce ta zamantakewa da ke adawa da cin zarafin jima'i da cin zarafi wadda mai fafutuka Tarana Burke ta kafa a 2006 kuma ta yaɗu a 2017 bayan zarge-zarge kan Harvey Weinstein Ta ƙarfafa waɗanda suka tsira su yi magana kuma ta buƙaci a hukunta manyan masu cin zarafi
3 Me ya sa mutane suke danganta lamarin Cornell da MeToo
Saboda ya zama alama ta iyakokin ƙungiyar Duk da ƙarin wayar da kai lamarin ya ƙare da abin da mutane da yawa suka gani a matsayin ƙaramin hukuntawa wanda ke nuna cewa yin magana ba ya tabbatar da adalci musamman a harabar kwaleji
4 Menene ma'anar gazawar MeToo
Taƙaitaccen bayani ne na tazarar da ke tsakanin alkawuran ƙungiyar da sakamako yawancin manyan lamuran sun ƙare ba tare da hukuncin laifi ba hanyoyin cibiyoyi galibi suna kare wanda ake tuhuma ko cibiyar kuma waɗanda suka tsira da yawa sun ji an sake cutar da su maimakon a taimaka musu
5 Me ya sa mutane suke jin baƙin ciki da rashin jin daɗi game da wannan
Saboda ƙungiyar ta ƙarfafa bege cewa bayar da rahoto zai haifar da sakamako na gaske Lokacin da lamura kamar na Cornell suka ƙare da ƙaramin hukuntawa waɗanda suka tsira da magoya bayansu suna jin an ci amanar su da ainihin tsarin kotuna jami'o'i ƙungiyoyin 'yan'uwa maza waɗanda ya kamata su taimaka
6 Menene rashin imani a wannan mahallin
Rashin imani shine imani cewa tsarin yaudara ne kuma yin magana ba shi da amfani Bayan kallon manyan lamuran da suka ɓace mutane da yawa suna kammala cewa manyan cibiyoyi koyaushe za su kare kansu wanda ke hana bayar da rahoto nan gaba
7 Shin da gaske MeToo gazawa ce
Ba gaba ɗaya ba Ta canza manufofin wurin aiki ta kifar da manyan maza da dama kuma ta sa tattaunawar jama'a kan cin zarafin jima'i ta zama al'ada Amma ainihin alkawarinta adalci mai daidaito ga waɗanda suka tsira ya kasance ba a cika shi ba wanda shine dalilin da ya sa gazawa ya zama ruwan dare a fassara
8 Menene manyan matsalolin yadda harabar ke tafiyar da waɗannan lamura
Matsalolin gama gari sun haɗa da
