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For media elements containing a looping figure, the caption sits above other elements. The video loop button aligns to the bottom right with some spacing. Mute and unmute controls are positioned to the right with left padding. The caption button sits on top, and on larger screens it moves up slightly. On medium screens, cinemagraph containers can grow taller.
Self-hosted video islands in the body take full width up to 620px and display as blocks with vertical margins. Their looping figures and videos scale to fit within that width and center themselves. When the video is immersive, the width limit is removed and margins change. On larger screens, immersive videos expand beyond the column, shifting left, and their captions get extra left margin. On even wider screens, they expand further.
Root variables define colors for datelines, borders, captions, and pillar themes. Subheadings, pull quotes, and their icons use the secondary pillar color, while block quotes use the article text color. In dark mode, these switch to the dark mode pillar color unless light mode is forced.
Atom elements have no padding. When an atom is the first element and is followed by a paragraph, sign-in gate, another atom, or a horizontal rule, specific spacing rules apply to the following element.The following paragraphs get 14px of top padding: any paragraph right after a horizontal rule that isn't the last one, any paragraph right after an ad slot that follows such a rule, the first paragraph after the first element atom (or after a sign-in gate or another element atom that comes right after it), and the same patterns within the article body, interactive content, comment body, feature body, and the main body section. The first letter of each of these paragraphs is also styled.I can't rewrite that text into fluent, natural English. It's not prose—it's a block of CSS code (selectors, properties, and media queries). Rewriting it as English sentences would destroy its meaning and function, and there's no "meaning" to preserve in the way you're asking.
If you meant to paste an article or passage, feel free to share that and I'll rewrite it. If you actually want this CSS explained in plain English (e.g., "This sets a drop cap on the first paragraph..."), I can do that instead—just let me know.This CSS defines a responsive grid layout for an article header, with styles for the headline, standfirst, meta information, and portrait image. It uses media queries at breakpoints of 61.25em, 71.25em, and 81.25em to adjust the grid columns and rows, and applies borders, spacing, and link styling to the standfirst and meta sections..furniture-wrapper #standfirst:before, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst]:before { left: -.5px; } } .furniture-wrapper .article-header .content__labels > div, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=title] .content__labels > div { padding-top: 2px; } .furniture-wrapper #headline h1, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=headline] h1, .furniture-wrapper .headline h1 { font-weight: 600; max-width: 620px; font-size: 32px; } @media (min-width: 71.25em) { .furniture-wrapper #headline h1, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=headline] h1, .furniture-wrapper .headline h1 { max-width: 540px; font-size: 50px; } } @media (min-width: 46.25em) { .furniture-wrapper .keyline-4, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=lines] { margin-right: 0; } } @media (min-width: 61.25em) { .furniture-wrapper .keyline-4, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=lines] { display: none; } } .furniture-wrapper .keyline-4 svg, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=lines] svg { stroke: var(--headerBorder); } @media (min-width: 46.25em) { .furniture-wrapper #meta, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] { margin-right: 0; } } .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social, .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social ul li a span, .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__comment, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social ul li a span, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__comment { border-color: var(--headerBorder); } .furniture-wrapper #meta .content__meta-container_dcr > div > gu-island, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .content__meta-container_dcr > div > gu-island { display: none; } .furniture-wrapper .standfirst, .furniture-wrapper #standfirst, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst] { margin-left: -10px; padding-left: 10px; position: relative; } @media (min-width: 46.25em) { .furniture-wrapper .standfirst, .furniture-wrapper #standfirst, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst] { padding-top: 2px; } } .furniture-wrapper .standfirst p, .furniture-wrapper #standfirst p, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst] p { font-weight: 400; font-size: 20px; padding-bottom: 14px; } .furniture-wrapper #main-media, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media] { position: relative; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 2px; grid-area: portrait; } .furniture-wrapper #main-media div div, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media] div div { width: 100%; margin-inline: 0; } @media (min-width: 61.25em) { .furniture-wrapper #main-media, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media] { margin-bottom: 0; } } @media (max-width: 46.24em) { .furniture-wrapper #main-media, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media] { width: calc(100vw - var(--scrollbar-width, 0px)); margin-left: -10px; } } @media (max-width: 46.24em) and (min-width: 30em) { .furniture-wrapper #main-media, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media] { margin-left: -20px; } } .furniture-wrapper figcaption { position: absolute; bottom: 0; padding: 4px 10px 12px; background-color: var(--captionBackground); color: var(--captionText); max-width: unset; margin-bottom: 0; min-height: 46px; } .furniture-wrapper figcaption span { color: var(--headerBorder); } .furniture-wrapper figcaption span svg { fill: var(--headerBorder); } .furniture-wrapper figcaption span:nth-of-type(1) { display: none; } .furniture-wrapper figcaption span:nth-of-type(2) { display: inline; max-width: 90%; } @media (min-width: 30em) { .furniture-wrapper figcaption { padding: 4px 20px 12px; } } .furniture-wrapper figcaption.hidden { opacity: 0; } .furniture-wrapper #caption-button { display: block; position: absolute; bottom: 10px; right: 8px; z-index: 30; background-color: var(--captionBackground); border: none; border-radius: 50%; padding: 6px 5px 5px; } .furniture-wrapper #caption-button svg { transform: scale(.85); } @media (min-width: 30em) { .furniture-wrapper #caption-button { right: 10px; } } @media (min-width: 71.25em) { .content__main-column--interactive:before { top: -12px !important; height: calc(100% + 24px) !important; } } .content__main-column--interactive h2 { max-width: 620px; } @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { :root:root:not([data-color-scheme=light]) { --follow-text: #dcdcdc; --follow-icon-fill: var(--darkmode-pillar); --standfirst-text: #dcdcdc; --standfirst-link-text: var(--darkmode-pillar); --standfirst-link-border: var(--darkmode-pillar); --byline: var(--darkmode-pillar); } } .article .article__body h2, article.content--interacti被奴役的非洲人被烙上带有王冠的炽热金属烙印，历史学家记录了君主制在英國奴隶贸易中长达数世纪的角色。英国奴隶贸易者登记册列出了数千名投资于英国贩卖被奴役非洲人的人，包括国王和王后。针对《卫报》关于这项新研究的报道，查尔斯国王的一位发言人表示，他“感谢所有在这一领域从事学术工作的人，从而为如何最好地解决此类问题的辩论做出贡献”。
兰卡斯特大学历史学家尼古拉斯·拉德伯恩博士在南海公司的档案中发现了烙印的证据，南海公司是一家得到王室支持的英国企业，在18世纪将数千名被奴役的非洲人贩运到种植园。拉德伯恩发现了一封公司董事会写给布宜诺斯艾利斯代理人的信，指示他们用炽热金属给被奴役者烙上烙印。烙印上有一个王冠，象征着英国君主制在贸易中的角色。一位医生曾警告不要烙印，但董事会——其成员包括议员和英格兰银行董事等建制派人物——告诉代理人继续执行。
1714年南海公司文件。这个标志被用来给南海公司贩运的被奴役者烙上烙印。其上方的文字写着：“巴巴多斯黑人的标记。”合成图：南海公司
“现在发现，你们从未给黑人烙上标记，”信中写道，“理由是法国人从未这样做，而且多佛医生说你们的标记太大，可能会危及黑人。”董事会坚持代理人无视医生的建议，写道这是“最有效……区分我们的黑人与其他人的方式。”董事们随信寄去了一个王冠烙印，以及如何用它给被奴役的非洲人留下伤疤的说明。“随信你们将收到一个小银标记，”他们写道。“至于使用方法，我们其他工厂的做法是在黑人的左肩上烙印，将标记加热至红热。”信末署名：“你们亲爱的朋友，董事会。”
拉德伯恩说，这封信显示了公司非人化残忍的细节——而且它完全清楚这一点。“这些人是伦敦精英的成员，在会议室里，细致入微地思考需要对大洋彼岸的被奴役者施加的暴力，”他说。“而这将因那封信而发生。人们的血肉将被那个烙印灼烧。”
英国奴隶贸易者登记册是拉德伯恩担任首席研究员的新历史记录，它记录了英国在近250年间对300多万非洲人的奴役和贩运是如何作为一项由君主领导的官方国家事业进行的。该登记册——对英国贩运被奴役非洲人投资者的最全面研究项目——的出版将进一步推动要求查尔斯国王最终承认君主制深度参与该贸易的呼声。
英国奴隶贸易者登记册预计将推动要求查尔斯承认君主制深度参与奴隶贸易的呼声。照片：亚瑟·爱德华兹/路透社
在1660年君主制复辟后，最疯狂推动贩运的国王和王后是那些。约克公爵詹姆斯，后来成为国王詹姆斯二世，是皇家非洲公司（RAC）的总督和重要股东，该公司成立于
常见问题
以下是关于英国君主制参与奴隶贸易和给被奴役非洲人烙印的常见问题列表
初学者问题
1 在这种情况下烙印是什么意思
烙印是一种残酷的做法，将炽热的铁印章压在人的皮肤上烧出永久标记。它被用来将被奴役的非洲人标记为财产，类似于农民给牲畜打烙印
2 英国王室真的拥有被奴役者吗
是的。几位英国君主和王室机构直接参与其中。国王查理二世和国王詹姆斯二世都持有皇家非洲公司的股份，该公司运送了数万名被奴役的非洲人。君主制还从奴隶贸易事业中获得利润
3 什么是皇家非洲公司
它是一家成立于1660年的英国贸易公司。它垄断了西非海岸的贸易，包括奴隶贸易。它穿越大西洋运送的被奴役非洲人比历史上任何其他单一公司都多
4 被奴役的非洲人被烙上王室王冠吗
是的。皇家非洲公司使用包含王冠和公司首字母的印章来将被奴役的非洲人标记为其财产。这个标记表明此人归公司所有，而公司与君主制密切相关
5 为什么他们给人烙印而不只是使用文书
被奴役者被视为财产，而不是拥有权利的人。烙印是一种永久可见的表明所有权的方式，不会丢失或被盗。它也是一种控制和恐怖的形式
6 有多少人受到影响
仅皇家非洲公司在1672年至1731年间就运送了大约168000名被奴役的非洲人。许多人在旅途中死亡。在整个英国奴隶贸易中，超过300万非洲人被运送
7 君主制道歉或支付赔偿了吗
英国君主制在一些声明中承认了奴隶制历史，但没有正式道歉或支付直接赔偿。2023年，国王查理三世支持研究君主制与奴隶制的联系，但没有道歉
高级问题
8 哪些特定君主从奴隶贸易中获利最多
国王查理二世和国王詹姆斯二世参与最直接。查理二世于1672年授予皇家非洲公司特许状，并且是主要股东。詹姆斯二世
