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font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff2) format("woff2"),
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font-weight: 300;
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@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),
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font-weight: 300;
font-style: italic;
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font-weight: 400;
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font-weight: 400;
font-style: italic;
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@font-face {
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src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff2) format("woff2"),
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font-weight: 500;
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@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
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font-weight: 500;
font-style: italic;
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@font-face {
font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Semibold.woff2) format("woff2"),
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font-weight: 600;
font-style: normal;
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font-family: Guardian Headline Full;
src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-SemiboldItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),
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url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-SemiboldItalic.ttf) format("truetype");
font-weight: 600;
font-style: italic;
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@font-face {
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src: url(https:@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:900;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BlackItalic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BlackItalic.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BlackItalic.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:900;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Titlepiece;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-titlepiece/noalts-not-hinted/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-titlepiece/noalts-not-hinted/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.woff) format("woff"),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-titlepiece/noalts-not-hinted/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:normal}@media (min-width: 71.25em){.content__main-column--interactive{margin-left:160px}}@media (min-width: 81.25em){.content__main-column--interactive{margin-left:240px}}.content__main-column--interactive .element-atom{max-width:620px}@media (max-width: 46.24em){.content__main-column--interactive .element-atom{max-width:100%}}.content__main-column--interactive .element-showcase{margin-left:0}@media (min-width: 46.25em){.content__main-column--interactive .element-showcase{max-width:620px}}@media (min-width: 71.25em){.content__main-column--interactive .element-showcase{max-width:860px}}.content__main-column--interactive .element-immersive{max-width:1100px}@media (max-width: 46.24em){.content__main-column--interactive .element-immersive{width:calc(100vw - var(--scrollbar-width, 0px));position:relative;left:50%;right:50%;margin-left:calc(-50vw + var(--half-scrollbar-width, 0px))!important;margin-right:calc(-50vw + var(--half-scrollbar-width, 0px))!important}}@media (min-width: 46.25em){.content__main-column--interactive .element-immersive{transform:translate(-20px);width:calc(100% + 60px)}}@media (max-width: 71.24em){.content__main-column--interactive .element-immersive{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}}@media (min-width: 71.25em){.content__main-column--interactive .element-immersive{transform:translate(0);width:auto}}@media (min-width: 81.25em){.content__main-column--interactive .element-immersive{max-width:1260px}}.content__main-column--interactive p,.content__main-column--interactive ul{max-width:620px}.content__main-column--interactive:before{position:absolute;top:0;height:calc(100% + 15px);min-height:100px;content:""}@media (min-width: 71.25em){.A cikin babban ginshiƙin abun ciki mai mu'amala, ana ƙara gefen hagu da launin toka mai haske. A kan manyan allo, gefen yana motsawa kaɗan. Abubuwan atom a cikin wannan ginshiƙi ba su da tazarar sama ko ƙasa, amma suna da padding. Lokacin da atom ya bi sakin layi, ana cire padding ɗin kuma ana amfani da tazara maimakon. Abubuwan da ke cikin layi an iyakance su zuwa matsakaicin faɗin 620px, kuma a kan manyan allo, adadi na cikin layi ma suna samun wannan matsakaicin faɗin.
Ga abubuwan watsa labarai da ke ɗauke da adadi mai maimaitawa, bayanin yana zaune a kan sauran abubuwa. Maɓallin maimaita bidiyo yana daidaitawa zuwa ƙasan dama tare da ɗan tazara. Gudanarwar shiru da cire shiru ana sanya su zuwa dama tare da padding na hagu. Maɓallin bayanin yana zaune a saman, kuma a kan manyan allo yana motsawa sama kaɗan. A kan matsakaicin allo, kwantena na cinemagraph na iya girma tsayi.
Tsibiran bidiyo masu sarrafa kansu a cikin jiki suna ɗaukar cikakken faɗi har zuwa 620px kuma suna nunawa a matsayin tubalan tare da tazara ta tsaye. Adadi masu maimaitawa da bidiyonsu suna daidaitawa don dacewa cikin wannan faɗin kuma suna tsakiya kansu. Lokacin da bidiyon yake immersive, an cire iyakar faɗin kuma tazara tana canzawa. A kan manyan allo, bidiyon immersive suna faɗaɗa fiye da ginshiƙin, suna motsawa hagu, kuma bayanansu suna samun ƙarin tazara ta hagu. A kan manyan allo ma, suna faɗaɗa ƙari.
Masu canjin tushe suna bayyana launuka don kwanakin layi, iyakoki, bayanai, da jigogin ginshiƙi. Kanun kanun labarai, ambaton ja, da gumakansu suna amfani da launin ginshiƙi na biyu, yayin da ambaton toshe suna amfani da launin rubutun labarin. A yanayin duhu, waɗannan suna canzawa zuwa launin ginshiƙi na yanayin duhu sai dai idan an tilasta yanayin haske.
Abubuwan atom ba su da padding. Lokacin da atom shine farkon abu kuma sakin layi ya biyo baya, ƙofar shiga, wani atom, ko layin kwance, takamaiman ƙa'idodin tazara suna aiki ga abin da ya biyo baya.Sakin layi masu zuwa suna samun 14px na padding na sama: kowane sakin layi da ke kai tsaye bayan layin kwance wanda ba na ƙarshe ba, kowane sakin layi da ke kai tsaye bayan wurin talla da ke bin irin wannan layin, sakin layi na farko bayan atom na farko (ko bayan ƙofar shiga ko wani atom wanda ke zuwa kai tsaye bayan shi), da irin waɗannan tsarin a cikin jikin labarin, abun ciki mai mu'amala, jikin sharhi, jikin fasali, da babban sashen jiki. Harafin farko na kowane ɗayan waɗannan sakin layi kuma an yi masa salo.Ba zan iya sake rubuta wannan rubutun zuwa Turanci mai gudana ba. Ba rubutun adabi ba ne—tarin lambar CSS ne (masu zaɓe, kaddarori, da tambayoyin watsa labarai). Sake rubuta shi a matsayin jimlolin Turanci zai lalata ma'anarsa da aikinsa, kuma babu "ma'ana" da za a adana ta yadda kuke tambaya.
Idan kuna nufin ku liƙa labari ko sashe, jin daɗin raba wannan kuma zan sake rubuta shi. Idan da gaske kuna son wannan CSS a bayyana shi cikin Turanci mai sauƙi (misali, "Wannan yana saita babban harafi a sakin layi na farko..."), zan iya yin hakan maimakon—kawai gaya mini.Wannan CSS yana bayyana tsarin grid mai amsawa don kan labarin, tare da salo don kanun labarai, standfirst, bayanin meta, da hoton hoto. Yana amfani da tambayoyin watsa labarai a wuraren 61.25em, 71.25em, da 81.25em don daidaita ginshiƙan grid da layuka, kuma yana amfani da iyakoki, tazara, da salo na hanyar haɗi ga sassan standfirst da meta..furniture-wrapper #standfirst:before, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst]:before { left: -.5px; } } .furniture-wrapper .article-header .content__labels > div, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=title] .content__labels > div { padding-top: 2px; } .furniture-wrapper #headline h1, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=headline] h1, .furniture-wrapper .headline h1 { font-weight: 600; max-width: 620px; font-size: 32px; } @media (min-width: 71.25em) { .furniture-wrapper #headline h1, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=headline] h1, .furniture-wrapper .headline h1 { max-width: 540px; font-size: 50px; } } @media (min-width: 46.25em) { .furniture-wrapper .keyline-4, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=lines] { margin-right: 0; } } @media (min-width: 61.25em) { .furniture-wrapper .keyline-4, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=lines] { display: none; } } .furniture-wrapper .keyline-4 svg, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=lines] svg { stroke: var(--headerBorder); } @media (min-width: 46.25em) { .furniture-wrapper #meta, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] { margin-right: 0; } } .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social, .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social ul li a span, .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__comment, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social ul li a span, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__comment { border-color: var(--headerBorder); } .furniture-wrapper #meta .content__meta-container_dcr > div > gu-island, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .content__meta-container_dcr > div > gu-island { display: none; } .furniture-wrapper .standfirst, .furniture-wrapper #standfirst, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst] { margin-left: -10px; padding-left: 10px; position: relative; } @media (min-width: 46.25em) { .furniture-wrapper .standfirst, .furniture-wrapper #standfirst, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst] { padding-top: 2px; } } .furniture-wrapper .standfirst p, .furniture-wrapper #standfirst p, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst] p { font-weight: 400; font-size: 20px; padding-bottom: 14px; } .furniture-wrapper #main-media, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media] { position: relative; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 2px; grid-area: portrait; } .furniture-wrapper #main-media div div, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media] div div { width: 100%; margin-inline: 0; } @media (min-width: 61.25em) { .furniture-wrapper #main-media, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media] { margin-bottom: 0; } } @media (max-width: 46.24em) { .furniture-wrapper #main-media, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media] { width: calc(100vw - var(--scrollbar-width, 0px)); margin-left: -10px; } } @media (max-width: 46.24em) and (min-width: 30em) { .furniture-wrapper #main-media, .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=media] { margin-left: -20px; } } .furniture-wrapper figcaption { position: absolute; bottom: 0; padding: 4px 10px 12px; background-color: var(--captionBackground); color: var(--captionText); max-width: unset; margin-bottom: 0; min-height: 46px; } .furniture-wrapper figcaption span { color: var(--headerBorder); } .furniture-wrapper figcaption span svg { fill: var(--headerBorder); } .furniture-wrapper figcaption span:nth-of-type(1) { display: none; } .furniture-wrapper figcaption span:nth-of-type(2) { display: inline; max-width: 90%; } @media (min-width: 30em) { .furniture-wrapper figcaption { padding: 4px 20px 12px; } } .furniture-wrapper figcaption.hidden { opacity: 0; } .furniture-wrapper #caption-button { display: block; position: absolute; bottom: 10px; right: 8px; z-index: 30; background-color: var(--captionBackground); border: none; border-radius: 50%; padding: 6px 5px 5px; } .furniture-wrapper #caption-button svg { transform: scale(.85); } @media (min-width: 30em) { .furniture-wrapper #caption-button { right: 10px; } } @media (min-width: 71.25em) { .content__main-column--interactive:before { top: -12px !important; height: calc(100% + 24px) !important; } } .content__main-column--interactive h2 { max-width: 620px; } @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { :root:root:not([data-color-scheme=light]) { --follow-text: #dcdcdc; --follow-icon-fill: var(--darkmode-pillar); --standfirst-text: #dcdcdc; --standfirst-link-text: var(--darkmode-pillar); --standfirst-link-border: var(--darkmode-pillar); --byline: var(--darkmode-pillar); } } .article .article__body h2, article.content--interactiAn yiwa Afirkan da aka bautar da su alama da ƙarfe mai zafi da ke ɗauke da kambin sarauta, a cewar masana tarihi waɗanda suka rubuta rawar da masarautar ta taka tsawon ƙarni a cinikin bayi na Biritaniya. Rajistar Masu Cinikin Bayi na Biritaniya ta ambaci dubbai da suka saka jari a cinikin da Biritaniya ke yi na Afirkan da aka bautar da su, ciki har da sarakuna da sarauniya. Dangane da rahoton Guardian kan wannan sabon bincike game da masarautar, mai magana da yawun Sarki Charles ya ce yana "godiya ga duk waɗanda ke gudanar da aikin ilimi a wannan fanni kuma don haka ke ba da gudummawa ga muhawara kan yadda za a fi magance irin waɗannan batutuwa."
Dokta Nicholas Radburn, masani a Jami'ar Lancaster, ya sami shaidar alamar a cikin tarihin Kamfanin South Sea, wani kamfani na Biritaniya da masarauta ke goyon baya wanda ya yi cinikin dubbai na Afirkan da aka bautar da su zuwa gonaki a shekarun 1700. Radburn ya gano wata wasiƙa daga hukumar kamfanin zuwa ga wakilanta a Buenos Aires, tana umarce su da su yiwa mutanen da aka bautar da su alama da ƙarfe mai zafi. Alamar tana ɗauke da kambi, alamar rawar da masarautar Biritaniya ta taka a cinikin. Wani likita ya yi gargaɗi kan alamar, amma hukumar—wadda mambobinta suka haɗa da manyan mutane kamar 'yan majalisa da daraktocin Bankin Ingila—sun gaya wa wakilan su ci gaba.
Takardun Kamfanin South Sea daga 1714. An yi amfani da wannan tambarin don yiwa mutanen da Kamfanin South Sea ya yi ciniki da su alama. Rubutun da ke samansa yana cewa: "Alama ga Negroes a Barbados." Haɗe: Kamfanin South Sea
"Yanzu ya bayyana, cewa ba ku taɓa yiwa Negroes alama ba," in ji wasiƙar, "kuna ba da dalilin cewa Faransawa ba su taɓa yin hakan ba, kuma Dokta Dover ya ce alamar ku tana da girma sosai, tana iya jefa Negroes cikin haɗari." Da 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