Samira, mace mai shekara 35, uwa mara aure kuma tsohuwar mai kula da gini, ta ce ta ji damuwa sosai yayin da Faransa ta yi rikodin yanayin zafi mafi girma a wannan makon. Tana zaune a wani bene mai zafi a hawa na bakwai a wani gidan siminti a kudancin Paris, ta ce, "Jiya na zauna na yi kuka. Na yi tunanin zan mutu."
Gidanta a Ris-Orangis, Essonne, yana kama da miliyoyin wasu a Faransa—ba shi da kyau a rufe shi kuma ba shi da makullin taga daga waje. "Rana mai zafi tana buga tagogina duk rana. Ba zan iya numfashi ba, ina jin dimuwa, babu iska," in ji ta.
"Gidana tanda ce, ba za a iya jurewa ba. Zan iya amfani da fan kawai na ɗan gajeren lokaci saboda ina tsoron farashin wutar lantarki. Ina samun bacci na sa'o'i biyu kawai a dare. Na gaji. Kwanakin suna jin ba su da iyaka ina ƙoƙarin kare ɗana daga zafi. Kuma na san waɗannan yanayin zafi za su ƙara muni. Gwamnati tana aiki ne kawai a minti na ƙarshe. Ba a yin isasshen aiki na dogon lokaci don kare mutane."
Ɗan Samira mai shekara 10, Issam, yana zuwa ɗaya daga cikin makarantu 1,800 a Faransa da aka rufe saboda suna da zafi mai haɗari. "Ajin da nake a saman bene ya kai digiri 40 a ciki," in ji shi. "Yana da zafi sosai don yin darasi, don haka muna yin wasanni kawai." Yawanci yakan kwanta da ƙarfe 9 na dare, amma yana jira har tsakar dare saboda yana da sauƙi a waje da daddare ko da safe. Samira ta ƙara da cewa, "Ina jin an kulle ni, a jiki da tunani."
A wannan makon, fiye da mutane miliyan 44 a Faransa—daga cikin jimillar mutane miliyan 67—suna ƙarƙashin babban jan faɗakarwa mafi girma na zafi. Yanayin zafi a rana ya wuce 40°C a wurare da yawa kuma ya kasance mai zafi mai haɗari da dare.
Zafin da ya wuce kima ya haifar da ƙarin gurɓataccen iska, ƙarin shigar da mutane asibiti, rufe makarantu, da soke jiragen ƙasa. Ya haifar da katsewar wutar lantarki ga dubban gidaje daga Brittany zuwa kudu maso gabas, yana barin mutane ba za su iya amfani da fan na lantarki ko rufe makullin lantarki ba. Ƙarfin makamashin nukiliyar Faransa ya ragu saboda yanayin zafi mai yawa ya iyakance samun ruwan sanyaya. Dubban dubban kaji sun mutu a cikin zafin, suna mamaye sabis na tattara gawa.
Tasirin zafin ya yi muni sosai saboda gaskiyar cewa yawancin gine-gine da abubuwan more rayuwa na Faransa ba a tsara su don ɗaukar yanayin zafi mai yawa ba. Paris, ɗaya daga cikin biranen da suka fi yawan jama'a a Turai, wanda aka sani da gidajen da ba su da kyau a rufe su, an daɗe ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mafi haɗarin mutuwar zafin rana a kowane babban birni a nahiyar. An soki gwamnatin Faransa saboda rashin shiri da kuma yanke kuɗaɗen ayyukan da ke nufin daidaita abubuwan more rayuwa ga rikicin yanayi.
Wani rahoto a wannan watan daga ƙungiyar NGO Fondation pour le Logement (Gidauniyar Gidaje) ya gano cewa rabin duk gidajen Faransa ba sa ba da isasshen kariya daga yanayin zafi mai yawa, yana barin mazauna su yi zafi mai haɗari. Kusan kashi 66% na Faransawa suna fama da jure wa zafi a gidajensu.
Maïder Olivier, shugabar shawarwarin yanayi a ƙungiyar NGO, ta ce Faransa tana da "babbar matsala mai ta'azzara ta gidajen da ke kama zafi." Ta lura cewa rashin daidaiton yanayi a Faransa yana ƙaruwa, tare da gidajen ƙananan kuɗi a unguwannin bayan gari suna shan wahala mafi yawa daga zafin rana.
"Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke ƙara muni shine rashin hanyar tserewa," in ji ta. Yawancin mazauna a gidajen siminti masu yawa ba su da koren sarari a kusa da gidajensu, galibi suna aiki a yanayin zafi mai yawa ba tare da na'urar sanyaya iska ba, dole ne su yi tafiya a cikin motocin bas masu cunkoso da zafi, kuma ba za su iya biyan kuɗin hutu a lokacin rani ba.
A Grigny, ɗaya daga cikin garuruwan da suka fi talauci a yankin Paris, Aboubakar mai shekara 60, wanda ya taɓa yin aiki a ɗakin girki na otal, ya yi kuka yayin da yake tsaye a ƙarƙashin gidansa na hawa na huɗu, wanda... Zai iya kaiwa digiri 40 a ciki. "Ina shaƙa," in ji shi. "Ba zan iya siyan fan ba. Gidana ba shi da makulli. Da dare, ba zan iya barci ba—kamar tanda ne." Ya ce zafin ya yi tasiri a lafiyar tunaninsa: wasu matsaloli, kamar rashin lafiyarsa da rashin kwanciyar hankali na gida, sun fi muni a cikin zafin. "Ba zai yiwu in zauna a cikin gidana da rana ba, don haka na sauko na zauna a ƙarƙashin bishiya," in ji shi.
Roland, ɗalibi mai shekara 20 da ke yin koyon aikin matasa, ya farka da ƙarfe 7 na safe don yin karin kumallo tare da budurwarsa a kan benci a ƙarƙashin wasu bishiyoyi, kafin ya yi zafi sosai don zama a waje. "Muna ƙoƙarin rufe makullin mu zauna a cikin duhu a gidanmu, amma babu iska," in ji shi. "Yana iya zama abin damuwa. Muna ƙarfin hali ne kawai don buɗe taga a tsakiyar dare. Ba ma amfani da fan na lantarki saboda suna da tsada sosai."
Inès Seddiki, wacce ta kafa ƙungiyar Ghett'up a Seine-Saint-Denis, arewacin Paris, ta ce matasa daga gidajen bayan gari suna shan wahala musamman a cikin zafin da ya wuce kima. "Ba su haifar da rikicin yanayi ba, amma su ne mafi ƙarancin kariya daga tasirinsa," in ji ta. "Babu isassun wuraren kiwon lafiya a yankunansu don tallafin lafiya, gidajensu suna kama zafi, kuma zafin ya fallasa wariyar launin fata a cikin al'ummarmu a kansu."
Ta ce lokacin da matasa daga banlieue suka bar yankunansu don neman sauƙi, misali a bakin teku, "wasu masu sharhi na Faransa suna magana game da 'mamaya' saboda rukuni ne na matasa 15 zuwa 20 waɗanda baƙi ne ko Arewacin Afirka." Ta ƙara da cewa zafin ya bayyana "rashin daidaito da rarrabuwa a cikin al'ummar Faransa."
Garuruwa da yawa a yanki mafi arziki a yammacin Paris, ciki har da Neuilly-sur-Seine, sun hana mutane daga wasu garuruwa amfani da wuraren waha na birni a wannan makon.
Noah, mai shekara 22, a kan hanyarta ta zuwa koyon sadarwa kusa da Grigny, tana zaune kamar yawancin ɗalibai a wani ƙaramin gida mai hawa na sama a Paris, a ƙarƙashin rufin zinc da ba shi da kyau ba tare da makulli a tagogi ba. Ta ce: "Babu iska, ba za mu taɓa yin barci fiye da sa'o'i huɗu ba. Muna da ƙaramin baranda, don haka muna sanya tafkin yara a kai mu zauna a ciki. Me kuma za mu iya yi?"
