A cikin watan Fabrairu, Rasha ta kaddamar da hare-haren jirage marasa matuki na kamikaze a birnin Zaporizhzhia na Ukraine. Jiragen sun afkawa gine-gine tare da kashe mutane da dama. Wani wanda aka kashe wanda ba a ruwaito ba shi ne wani namijin mujiya mai dogon kunne, wanda ya rasa gani a ido daya kuma aka same shi da karyewar fiffike mai tsanani. Wani mai wucewa ya dauki tsuntsun da ya rude, ya sanya shi a cikin akwati, ya kai shi birnin Dnipro.
Mujiyar, wacce ake yi wa lakabi da Sunny, yanzu tana samun sauki a wani daki mai dadi a gidan Veronica Konkova. Ba ta iya tashi ko farauta kuma, Sunny tana tsalle-tsalle a maimakon haka.
Konkova ta ce, "Karyewar ta yi muni sosai har sai da aka yanke fiffikensa na hagu. Likitan dabbobi kuma ya sami raunin kwakwalwa. Sunny ba ta amsa haske yadda ya kamata."
Mujiyar za ta zauna a gidan mai aikin sa kai na makonni da yawa kafin a kai ta cibiyar gyaran jiki a Kyiv.
Konkova, masaniyar ilimin halittu, tana ceton tsuntsaye da suka ji rauni tun daga 2015, shekara guda bayan da Kremlin ta fara yakin sirri a lokacin a gabashin Donbas. Ceton ta ya hada da wani mikiya mai daraja, shaho, shaho, kestrels, black kites, da mujiyoyi iri-iri kamar kanana, masu gajeren kunne, da tawny owls.
Tare da Sunny akwai wata karamar mujiya mai idanu masu fadi mai suna Plushka, tana zaune a bayan wani keji bude.
Yakin sama na Rasha ya yi mummunar tasiri ga namun daji na Ukraine, ciki har da tsuntsayenta. Dubban sun kama a cikin raga da aka kafa don kare hanyoyi kusa da layin gaba daga jiragen marasa matuki na abokan gaba.
"Tsuntsaye suna mutuwa daga rashin ruwa ko bugun zuciya idan sun makale a juye na dogon lokaci," in ji Konkova. Wasu kuma an kashe su ta hanyar fashe-fashe, gobara, da gurbatawa.
Mujiyoyi sukan makale a cikin raga yayin farauta da dare. Hakanan suna kama cikin wayoyi na fiber-optic na siraran jiragen marasa matuki na Rasha; a wasu wuraren fagen fama, wadannan wayoyi na iya rufe filaye masu fadin mita dari.
Konkova ta ce, "Wani lokaci muna iya ceton wadannan tsuntsaye. Wani lokaci kuma, suna zuwa cikin mummunan yanayi wanda babu abin da za mu iya yi."
Yakin ya kuma shafi wuraren ajiyar dabi'a wadanda suke muhimman wuraren haifuwa ga nau'ikan tsuntsaye masu hijira.
Moscow ta kai hari kan tashoshin wutar lantarki guda shida da tafkunan ruwa a kogin Dnipro. A shekarar 2023, sojojin Rasha sun lalata madatsar ruwa ta Kakhovka a kasan wani tudu da Soviet ta gina, wanda ya haifar da ambaliya da lalacewa mai yawa. Tun daga lokacin, injiniyoyin Ukraine sun rage matakan ruwan tafki.
A cewar masanin tsuntsaye Oleksandr Ponomarenko, filayen ambaliya sun bushe a sakamakon haka. "Muna rasa wuraren ciyar da tsuntsaye. Yankin yana raguwa. A lokacin rani, yana da zafi sosai a nan, 30 ko 35 digiri Celsius. Don haka maimakon ruwa, akwai laka kawai. Yana zafi sosai. Mollusks a ciki suna mutuwa, algae suna mutuwa. Babban bangare na abincin tsuntsaye yana lalacewa. Nau'ikan da suka saba tashi ba sa zuwa kuma."
Ponomarenko ya lissafa tsuntsayen da suka bace daga wurin ajiyar dabi'a na Dnipro-Oril, inda yake babban mai bincike. Wadannan sun hada da nau'ikan teal guda biyu, ducks ferruginous, goldeneye, da geese masu farin goshi.
Ya ce, "Goose tsuntsu ne mai hankali da taka tsantsan. Suna jin harbi, suna fahimtar abin da ke faruwa, kuma kawai suna yin kewaya mai nisa a kusa da layin gaba. Yanzu kusan babu hijira na bazara."
White storks, alamar kasa a Ukraine, suma sun sha wahala. Kashi uku na gidajensu babu komai. "Stork yana ganin wurin ciyarwarsa ya bushe, babu kwadi, babu maciji, babu komai. Don haka ba ya zama," in ji Ponomarenko.
Tsuntsun ya daidaita ta hanyar haifuwa a wuraren sharar gida, yana ciyar da beraye da beraye. Ana iya ganin dozin na storks a cikin tarkacen shara a wajen birni na biyu mafi girma na Ukraine, Kharkiv, da kuma kusa da garin Samar da ke bakin kogi. Ring ouzels da black storks sun koma Cho.
Akwai kuma labari mai dadi. A wata rana mai sanyi da iska a makon da ya gabata, ana iya ganin grebes uku ko hudu a wurin ajiyar Dnipro-Oril, kuma adadinsu yana karuwa. Yellow-legged gulls, wood sandpiper, da wani hadiye da ya dawo kwanan nan yana shawagi a kan ruwa an kuma gansu. "Kwanan nan na ga swans kusan 60. Ba ka ganin geese da yawa kuma, amma akwai ducks da yawa a kaka," in ji mai kula Mykhailo Petronko.
Bayan mamayar da Vladimir Putin ya yi a shekarar 2022, gwamnatin Ukraine ta haramta farauta, kuma masu kula da daji sun saki dubban pheasants. Yanzu, ana iya ganinsu da jin su ba kawai a karkara ba, suna kira daga ciyawar feather rawaya, har ma a lambunan birni. Quail da partridge suma sun amfana daga haramcin farauta, tare da roe deer da badgers.
Dmytro Medovnyk, soja kuma mai kallon tsuntsaye, ya gudanar da binciken kimiyya yayin da yake fada a wani kauye a gabashin Luhansk oblast a shekarar 2024. Ya gano cewa goldfinches da greenfinches sun sami abinci daga rumbunan hatsi da aka lalata, yayin da yawan ravens da robins ya ragu saboda karancin abinci da gurbatar hayaniya. Herons da mallards sun tashi.
Ponomarenko ya bayyana halin da tsuntsaye ke ciki a yankunan fada a matsayin "mai rikitarwa." "Nau'ikan daban-daban suna amsawa daban," in ji shi. Gobarar da harsasai ke haifarwa ta shafe wuraren zama na woodpeckers da yawa. Swifts da swallows, a gefe guda, suna ci gaba da haifuwa a wasu yankunan layin gaba, har ma suna yin gida a gidajen da aka lalata rabin. Nau'ikan masu wayo kamar jays sun fara amfani da wayoyi na fiber-optic da aka jefar a matsayin rufin gida, a cewar Ponomarenko.
Ma'aikatar muhalli ta Ukraine an soke ta a bara kuma aka hade ta da ma'aikatar masana'antu da noma. Masu kare muhalli sun ce kare dabi'a ana daukarsa a matsayin abu mara muhimmanci. "Gwamnati ba ta taimaka. Amma ba ta haifar mana da matsaloli ba," in ji Konkova. Ta lura cewa kallon tsuntsaye ya shahara a Ukraine, tana nuna wani raye-raye na wani farin stork dake zaune a gida a yankin Poltava.
A gidanta a Dnipro, Konkova ta nuna abincin dare na Sunny: wani mataccen bera na dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka ajiye a cikin firiza a kasa. Berayen suna da dala 2 kowanne. Plushka, dayar mujiya, ta fi son kyankyasai, tana cin 18 zuwa 20 masu rai a rana. Kwari ana ajiye su a cikin akwatin filastik a kicin. Babu wata mujiya da za a iya mayar da ita daji, amma Konkova ta ce duka biyu za su rayu bayan magani. Wannan ya hada da maganin tsutsotsi na yau da kullun, ana ba da shi ta hanyar sirinji a cikin bakin Sunny.
Asalinta daga Crimea da aka mamaye, Konkova ta ce ta tsani abin da Rasha ta yi wa kasarta. "Suna lalata muhallinsu da muhallinmu," in ji ta, amma ta kara da cewa: "Gaba daya, ni mai kyakkyawan fata ne domin dabi'a za ta yi nasara ko ta yaya. Tsuntsaye sun rayu shekaru miliyoyi kafin mutane. Za su rayu, ina tsammani, shekaru miliyoyi bayan mutane."
**Tambayoyi da Aka Yi Yawa**
Ga jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawa game da Sunny mujiyar wacce ta kasance wanda aka azabtar da yakin Rasha a Ukraine, wanda aka tsara don zama bayyananne kuma mai taimako.
**Tambayoyi na Matakin Farko**
1. **Wane ne Sunny mujiyar?**
Sunny karamar mujiya ce da aka samu da rauni kuma ta makance kusa da layin gaba a gabashin Ukraine. Masu ceto sun yi imanin cewa ta ji rauni ne sakamakon harsasai ko fashe-fashe na kusa daga yakin.
2. **Yaya Sunny ta ji rauni?**
Wataƙila ta sami bugu daga raƙuman fashewa, shrapnel, ko tarkace daga manyan bindigogi ko makamai masu linzami na Rasha. Raunin ya sa ta rasa ganinta.
3. **Shin Sunny har yanzu tana raye?**
E, Sunny ta tsira daga raunukanta kuma yanzu masu ceton namun daji da likitocin dabbobi a Ukraine suna kula da ita.
4. **Me yasa labarin Sunny yake da muhimmanci?**
Yana nuna cewa yaki ba ya cutar da mutane kawai—yana kuma cutar da dabbobi. Sunny ta zama alama ta wadanda ba su da laifi a rikicin.
**Tambayoyi na Matsakaicin Mataki**
5. **Wane irin mujiya ce Sunny?**
Sunny mujiya ce mai dogon kunne, nau'in da aka sani da kyakkyawan jin sa da hangen nesa na dare—duka biyun ba su da amfani a gare ta yanzu.
6. **Shin mujiya makance za ta iya rayuwa a daji?**
A'a. Mujiyoyi sun dogara kusan gaba daya akan ganinsu da jinsu don farauta. Mujiya makance gaba daya ba za ta iya farauta ko guje wa mafarauta ba, don haka Sunny za ta bukaci kulawa ta rayuwa a wurin tsari.
7. **Ina ake jinyar Sunny yanzu?**
Tana cibiyar gyaran namun daji a Ukraine. Sau da yawa ana ɓoye ainihin wurin don dalilai na tsaro.
8. **Yaya rayuwar Sunny take yanzu?**
Masu ceto suna ciyar da ita da hannu kuma tana zaune a wani wuri mai aminci da ke kewaye. Ba za ta iya tashi da yardar rai ba amma tana natsuwa tare da masu kula da ita.
**Tambayoyi na Matsayi na Gaba**
9. **Yaya yawanci namun daji ke samun rauni daga yakin zamani?**
Yana da yawa sosai. Fashe-fashe, gobara, da gurbatar sinadarai daga yaki suna kashe ko raunata dubban dabbobi. A Ukraine, tsuntsaye da yawa, dabbobi masu shayarwa, har ma da dabbobin gidan zoo sun shafa.
10. **Wadanne raunuka ne Sunny ta samu banda makanta?**
Rahotanni sun ce tana da raunin kai, mai yiwuwa ciwon kai, da yiwuwar lalacewar idanunta ko jijiyoyin gani daga matsin fashewa. Hakanan tana da lalacewar gashin fiffike kadan kuma tana da raunin nauyi.
11. **Shin akwai wata dama da Sunny za ta sake ganin?**
Likitocin dabbobi sun ce ba zai yiwu ba.
