Kusa da ɗaya daga cikin manyan kantunan sayayya na Scandinavia, Kashif Virk ya tsaya a gefen titi, yana rarraba takardu kuma yana murmushi ga masu wucewa. A wata rana ta Talata da yamma mai gizagizai, malamin addinin Musulunci haifaffen Sweden ya fito kan titi don gayyatar mutane su tambaye shi duk abin da suke so su sani game da Musulunci.
Shekaru da yawa, masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Sweden sun yada nasu ra'ayi na Musulunci da ya gurɓata, suna kwatanta shi a matsayin wanda bai dace da dabi'un Sweden ba. Kamfen ɗin Tambayi-Musulmi, ko Fråga en Muslim, wanda Virk ya ƙirƙira a shekarar 2017, hanya ce ta sa don mayar da martani.
Da taimakon dubbai na masu sa kai a cikin al'ummar Ahmadi Muslim, kamfen ɗin ya ziyarci fiye da kasuwannin manoma 150, dandali, da cibiyoyin birane, yana gayyatar baƙi don fara tattaunawa da fatan kawar da tatsuniyoyi da kuma ba da haske kan Musulunci.
"Muna da wasu jam'iyyu masu tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma mutane suna da tsoro sosai game da Musulunci," in ji Virk. "Wani lokaci mutane suna yin rashin kunya sosai. Amma yawancin mutane a Sweden suna da ƙauna, abokantaka, da sha'awa - suna son ƙarin koyo."
Duba hoto a cikakken alloƙungiyar a masallacin Mahmood a Malmö. Hoto: Emma Larsson/The Guardian
Gabanin babban zaɓen Sweden ranar Lahadi, bincike ya nuna cewa 'yan adawa na tsakiya-hagu suna da ɗan gaba, wanda ke nuna cewa haɗin gwiwar da 'yan tsattsauran ra'ayi ke tallafawa na Sweden Democrats na iya fitar da su.
Irin wannan sakamakon ba zai zama mai muhimmanci ga ƙasar Scandinavia kaɗai ba; zai iya kuma ƙarfafa wa masu jefa ƙuri'a na yau da kullum a duk Turai cewa ƙungiyoyin tsattsauran ra'ayi irin su Sweden Democrats ko Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) na Jamus - waɗanda suka yi nasara bayan mafi kyawun sakamakonsu a zaɓen jiha a ƙarshen makon da ya gabata - ba lallai ba ne su riƙa ƙaruwa.
Amma duk da haka, binciken Sweden ya ɗan ragu a cikin 'yan makonnin nan, wanda ya sa mutane da yawa cikin damuwa, musamman da haɗin gwiwar da ke mulki mai karkata zuwa dama ya ce a karon farko zai ba da mukaman ministoci ga masu tsattsauran ra'ayi idan ya ci nasara. Waɗanda suka ɗauki nauyin lokacin da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi suka tallafa wa gwamnati suna damuwa cewa Sweden, wadda aka daɗe ana ɗaukarta a matsayin jagora a fannin daidaito da 'yanci, na iya canzawa har abada, ko da menene zai faru ranar Lahadi.
"Wani irin akwatin Pandora ne da aka buɗe," in ji Munir Niazi, wanda ya daɗe yana aiki tare da Virk kan kamfen ɗin Tambayi-Musulmi.
A lokacin gwamnatin Firayim Minista na tsakiya-dama Ulf Kristersson, Sweden Democrats masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sun yi amfani da damarsu wajen jagorantar manufofi kan ƙaura da laifuka, suna amfani da haske don yada maganganu da ke haɗa su biyun da kuma ɗora laifin bakin haure, Musulmai, da sauran tsiraru kan duk abin da ke damun ƙasar.
Duba hoto a cikakken alloMunir Niazi, wanda kuma ke aiki kan kamfen ɗin Tambayi-Musulmi, tare da Virk (dama) a masallaci. Hoto: Emma Larsson/The Guardian
Sakamakon ya juya tattaunawar ƙasar Sweden zuwa dama, in ji Niazi. "A cikin shekaru huɗu da suka gabata, babbar jam'iyyar adawa, Social Democrats, sannu a hankali sun karɓi kuma har ma sun zaɓi tare da dama kan ƙaura, kan laifuka. A nan gaba kusa, aƙalla, ba mu ganin ƙasar za ta koma manufofin 80s da 90s."
Virk ya gyada kai cikin yarda. "Muna gani, abin takaici, kowa yana buga katin adawa da Musulunci idan ya buƙace shi."
Sakamakon ya kasance an ji shi sosai. A bara, wani ɗan bindiga ya kashe mutane 10 a birnin Örebro na Sweden, yawancinsu suna da asalin baƙi. A duk faɗin Sweden, ana yawan lalata masallatai kuma a cikin 2023 ƙasar ta yi fama da jerin zanga-zangar inda aka ƙone kwafin Alkur'ani ko kuma aka lalata su.
Da yake magana da matafiya a Malmö da ke wucewa ta tashar Hyllie, da yawa sun ce siyasar ta fara zama ta sirri sosai, kamar dai kasancewarsu a Sweden filin yaƙi ne na siyasa.
"Lokacin da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi suke magana game da addinina da hijabi na, yana jin kamar suna magana ne game da dabba," in ji wata ma'aikaciyar jinya, mai shekaru 46, wadda ta nemi kada a ambaci sunanta.
Duba hoto a cikakken alloA cikin 2023 ƙasar ta yi fama da zanga-zangar inda aka ƙone kwafin Alkur'ani ko kuma aka lalata su. Hoto: Jonas Gratzer/Getty Images
Asalinta daga Lebanon, ta zauna a Sweden a 1999. "Tsofaffi a asibiti suna cewa ni da sauran baƙi mun taimaka wajen gina Sweden - me ya sa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ba sa ganin haka?"
Zaune a wani wurin shakatawa da ke kusa, Onyango, mai shekaru 42, ya ce yanayin Sweden ya zama "mummunan" ga baƙi yayin da tasirin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ke ƙaruwa a hankali. "Ina jin kamar suna guba al'umma," in ji shi. "Sun ƙirƙiri yanayi inda idan ba ɗan Sweden ba ne, kana jin tsoro."
Maganganun ƙiyayya, tare da ƙoƙarin gwamnati na tsaurara dokokin ƙaura, sun sa ɗan ƙasar Kenya ya ƙirƙiri shirin ajiya, duk da shekaru tara a ƙasar da kyakkyawan aiki a sarkar samar da kayayyaki. "Za ka fara tunanin watakila ina buƙatar samun gida a Kenya in ajiye wasu kuɗi, kawai idan akwai buƙata," in ji shi.
Zaune kusa da shi, abokinsa Waithira, mai shekaru 30, ya gyada kai cikin yarda. "Da farko, kana so ka saka jari a nan, ka sayi gida a nan, ka fara kasuwanci. Amma yanzu ka fara tunani sau biyu," in ji ta. "Ba mu san abin da nan gaba ke ɗauke da shi ba, amma ya ɗan fi na da kyau."
A yankin kudancin gundumar Södermalm ta Stockholm, Jonna Mannberg da Isaac Kuehnle-Nelson sun tuna yadda a cikin 2015, kusan mutane 1,700 daga ko'ina cikin ƙasar suka fito ba zato ba tsammani a tashar tsakiyar birnin, suna sha'awar maraba da taimakawa wajen tsugunar da masu neman mafaka daga Siriya da Afghanistan yayin da suka isa.
A cikin shekaru 11 tun daga lokacin, shirin, wanda aka tsara shi a matsayin Refugees Welcome Stockholm, ya zama alama ta canje-canjen da ke mamaye Sweden ba da gangan ba. "Mun tashi daga kasancewa ƙungiya a kan gaba a tattaunawar siyasar jama'a a Sweden zuwa zama ƙaramin ƙungiya inda tallafinmu da ikon isa ga mutane suka ragu sosai," in ji Kuehnle-Nelson.
Sun kalli yadda matsayin manufofi da aka taɓa keɓancewa ga masu tsattsauran ra'ayi suka zama na yau da kullum, daga rage adadin 'yan gudun hijira daga 5,000 zuwa mutane 900 a shekara, zuwa barin a soke izinin zama bisa ƙa'idodin da ba a bayyana ba na "mummunan hali".
"A cikin 2015, an tarbe mutane da hannu biyu. Muna da Firayim Minista ya ce: 'Turai ta ba ta gina bango,'" in ji Mannberg. "Amma gaskiyar mai tsanani ita ce har yanzu muna da mutanen da muke mu'amala da su a 2015. Har yanzu muna tare da su a 2026 kuma ba su sami matsayin doka ba tukuna."
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Sweden Democrats masu tsattsauran ra'ayi suna da tasiri a majalisar dokokin Sweden tunda haɗin gwiwar da ke mulki na buƙatar goyon bayansu. Hoto: Tom Little/Reuters
An bayyana nauyin tunani a wani kwas na shirye-shirye na matasa masu neman mafaka marasa takardu. "Akwai kwanaki da da yawa ba su iya halarta ba saboda ba su iya tashi daga gado ba," in ji ta. "Samun samari masu shekaru 20 masu lafiya a jiki waɗanda rayuwa ta danne su har ba su iya barin gadajensu ba, ba su iya ganin wata makoma ga kansu ba, wannan abu ne mai matukar wahala."
Daga cikin waɗanda aka kama cikin matakan tsauraran kan masu neman mafaka akwai wani ɗan shekaru 14 mara takardu wanda, duk da an haife shi a Sweden, yana fuskantar tura shi Armenia, tare da mahaifiyarsa mai renon shi kaɗai da ƙanensa. "Kamar jahannama ne. Na kasance a nan duk rayuwata," ya gaya wa The Guardian. "Ina jin ni ɗan Sweden ne."
Iyayensa sun zo Sweden a matsayin masu neman mafaka na siyasa, amma rabuwarsu ya sa buƙatar ta shiga cikin aikin gwamnati. Duk da cewa akwai wani nau'in biza da zai iya ba iyalin wata dama ta ci gaba da rayuwar da suka gina a Sweden, gwamnatin dama ta soke shi kwanan nan.
Maimakon haka, umarnin yana rataye a kansu, yana jefa inuwa a rayuwar wani yaro wanda ya taɓa rera waƙa a cikin mawakan coci kuma ya yi mafarkin zama injiniyan farar hula a Sweden. "Yana jin muni," in ji shi, yana mai lura cewa bai taɓa zuwa Armenia ba, ba ya jin yaren, kuma yana jin tsoro sosai da za a tilasta masa yin aikin soja a can.
Canje-canjen manufofin shige da fice, ciki har da sabbin dokoki da ke hana yawancin masu neman mafaka samun izinin zama na dindindin, sun nuna yadda rawar da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ke takawa a matsayin masu sarrafa mulki ta canza tattaunawar siyasar Sweden, in ji ɗan jarida Bilan Osman.
"Akwai shawarwari da yawa a siyasar Sweden a yau da ba za mu iya tunanin shekaru 10 da suka gabata ba," in ji ta, tana nuna dubban euro da ake bayarwa ga baƙi su koma gida a matsayin misali. "Mutane za su ce: 'Mahaukaci ne kai.' Yanzu kamar: 'Mu yi magana a kai.'"
Osman ta shafe shekaru tana nazarin tsattsauran ra'ayi na dama, tana bin diddigin ƙungiyar yayin da take gina nasu kafofin watsa labarai don isa ga sabbin masu sauraro. Abin da ya bayyana shi ne daidaitawar maganganunsu a hankali, suna ɗora laifin baƙi da tsiraru kan matsalolin zamantakewa da tattalin arzikin Sweden, yayin da aka yi watsi da tasirin rashin daidaito da ke ƙaruwa a ƙasar.
Maganganun da suka biyo baya sun tura wasu zuwa gefe, suna mai da Sweden wurin da wasu suka kasance na ciki kuma an sa wasu su ji ba su ciki ba. Wannan babban sauyi ne wanda zai iya samun sakamako mai ɗorewa, in ji ta, tana nuna Musulman Sweden, waɗanda aka kiyasta su kai kashi 8% na yawan jama'a, a matsayin misali.
"Ina tsammanin muna kan wani matsayi mai wahala a Sweden a yanzu, inda babbar tambaya ita ce: 'Shin akwai makoma ga Musulmai a wannan ƙasa?'" in ji Osman. "Idan muka ci gaba da irin waɗannan tattaunawa, ina tsammanin Musulmai da yawa za su ji babu makoma a nan. Kuma wannan abin bakin ciki ne."
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Ga jerin tambayoyin da ake yawan yi dangane da batun Musulman Sweden da ke ƙalubalantar masu tsattsauran ra'ayi gabanin zaɓe
Menene wannan labarin
Labarin ya shafi Musulman Sweden da suke shirya kai da yin magana kan jam'iyyun siyasa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi gabanin zaɓen ƙasa. Kalmar Suna guba al'umma tana nufin maganganun da waɗannan jam'iyyun suke amfani da su kan baƙi da Musulmai
Su wanene masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a Sweden
Babbar jam'iyyar masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ita ce Sweden Democrats. Suna da tarihin ra'ayin adawa da baƙi da adawa da Musulmai. Akwai kuma ƙananan ƙungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi
Me ya sa Musulman Sweden suke jin an yi musu niyya
Jam'iyyun masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sukan ɗora wa Musulmai laifin matsalolin zamantakewa, laifuka, da canje-canjen al'adu. Suna amfani da taken kamar Suna guba al'umma don nuna cewa Musulmai barazana ce ga al'ummar Sweden
Menene ma'anar Suna guba al'umma
Taken da wasu ƙungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ke amfani da shi ne don da'awar cewa baƙin Musulmai suna guba al'adu da al'ummar Sweden. Misali ne na wulakanci wanda Musulmai suke ganin abin ban haushi ne kuma mai haɗari
Yaya Musulman Sweden suke ƙalubalantar masu tsattsauran ra'ayi
Suna shirya zanga-zanga, yin tarurrukan al'umma, amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na zamantakewa, da ƙarfafa mutane su zaɓi jam'iyyun da ke goyon bayan haƙƙin baƙi. Wasu kuma suna takara a matsayin ofisoshin gida
Shin duk Musulman Sweden suna adawa da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi
Yawancinsu haka ne amma ba duka ba. Wasu Musulmai suna zaɓar jam'iyyun dama saboda wasu dalilai. Duk da haka maganganun adawa da Musulmai na masu tsattsauran ra'ayi suna sa da yawa su ji ba a maraba da su
Menene manyan damuwar Musulman Sweden gabanin zaɓe
Ƙaruwar laifukan ƙiyayya kan Musulmai
Nuna bambanci a ayyuka da gidaje
'Yan siyasa da ke amfani da ƙiyayyar Musulunci don samun ƙuri'a
Jin rashin tsaro a wuraren jama'a
Menene wasu matsalolin da Musulman Sweden suka saba fuskanta
Hare-hare na baki da na jiki
'Yan sanda sukan tsayar da su sau da yawa
Wahalar samun aiki saboda sunayensu ko hijabi
Mummunan ra'ayi a kafofin watsa labarai
Me waɗanda ba Musulmai ba a Sweden za su iya yi don taimakawa
Yi magana idan ka ji ƙiyayyar Musulunci
Zaɓi jam'iyyun da ke goyon bayan daidaito
Koyi game da Musulunci da al'ummomin Musulmai
Taimaka wa ƙungiyoyin da Musulmai ke jagoranta
Menene wasu shawarwari masu amfani ga Musulmai da ke fuskantar maganganun ƙiyayya
Kada ka yi mu'amala da masu ɓarna a kan layi
Kai ƙarar laifukan ƙiyayya ga 'yan sanda
Rubuta abubuwan da suka faru
Nemo tallafi a ƙungiyoyin al'umma
Kasance
