Tarihi mai yiwuwa ba zai sake maimaita kansa ba a Serbia, amma ya fara yin kama da shi. Sama da kwata ɗaya da rabi da suka wuce, ƴan ƙasar Serbia sun fito da yawa don yin zaɓe kuma suka yi wa ɗan tauraron lokacin a Belgrade, Slobodan Milošević, wanda ke neman sake zaɓe a matsayin shugaban ƙasa, kayen tarihi. Ya sha kaye duk da cikakken ikonsa a kan kafofin watsa labarai, ma'aikatar shari'a da kuma rundunar tsaro. Lokacin da ya yi jinkirin barin mulki, Serbiyawa sun kwarara kan tituna da ɗarurruwansu, har suka tilasta masa ficewa.
A ranar Lahadi, sabon ƙarni na iya samun muryar yanke hukunci a wani zaɓe mai ma'ana daidai, wannan karon na majalisar dokokin ƙasa. Ɗan tauraron yau, Aleksandar Vučić, ya yi murabus kwanan nan daga shugabancin ƙasa don yaƙar zaɓen da nufin sauya cibiyar iko daga fadar shugaban ƙasa zuwa ofishin firaminista.
Amma Vučić, wanda ya kusan mallaki Serbia gaba ɗaya tsawon shekaru 14, ya sami kansa a baya a karon farko tun lokacin da ya karɓi mulki, kamar yadda Milošević ya yi a 2000. Kamar abokinsa na kud da kud Viktor Orbán, wanda aka doke shi sosai a zaɓen farkon wannan shekara, Vučić ya ji dole ya yi duk abin da zai iya don hana haɗin gwiwar zaɓen 'yan adawa, wanda aka sani da Jerin Ɗalibai (SL).
Ba kamar jam'iyyar Fidesz ta Orbán ba, da wuya a wulakanta jam'iyyar Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) ta Vučić a zaɓen ranar Lahadi. Binciken ra'ayi ya bambanta sosai—wasu suna ba SL jagoranci na kusan maki 10 cikin ɗari, yayin da wasu ke nuna cewa gasar tana kusa da kusa. Masu binciken ra'ayi kuma suna nuna cewa yawan fitowar jama'a, shine mafi girman damar 'yan adawa. Wasu suna tsoron sakamakon zai iya zama tashin hankali.
Vučić yana jefa komai cikin yaƙin neman zaɓe don karkatar da sakamakon zuwa ga hanyarsa. Ya ƙarfafa riƙonsa a kan kafofin watsa labarai ta hanyar tallafa wa canjin mallaka na abin da har kwanan nan ya kasance mafi mahimmancin ƙungiyar labarai mai zaman kanta, United Media. A ƙarshen makon da ya gabata, manyan 'yan jarida 10 daga babbar hanyarsa, tashar TV N1, sun yi murabus don nuna adawa da naɗin manyan editoci da ake ganin suna goyon bayan Vučić da SNS.
N1 ya kasance mabuɗi wajen bayar da rahoton haɓakar tallafi ga ƙungiyar zanga-zangar ɗalibai tun lokacin da ta bayyana ba zato ba tsammani a watan Nuwamba 2024. Ɗalibai sun fara fita kan tituna lokacin da rufin babbar tashar jirgin ƙasa a Novi Sad a arewacin Serbia ya faɗi, ya kashe mutane 16. Bala'in ya faru ne 'yan watanni bayan wata ƙungiyar China ta kammala gyara ta a wani abin da masu suka ke cewa cin hanci ne.
Duba hoto a cikakken alloZanga-zangar shiru ta jama'a a wajen tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Novi Sad don tunawa da cikar shekara ta farko da faɗuwar rufin da ya kashe mutane 16, 1 Nuwamba 2025. Hoto: Marko Đurica/Reuters
Da farko, martanin Vučić shine ya jira har zanga-zangar ta ragu. Amma duk da yunƙuri daban-daban na tilasta wa ɗalibai ja da baya daga tituna, zanga-zangar ta ƙaru cikin 2025 da 2026. A watan Maris 2025, a lokacin shiru na minti 15 don girmama waɗanda bala'in Novi Sad ya shafa, masu zanga-zangar sun yi zargin cewa 'yan sanda sun yi amfani da makamin sauti, LRAD 450XL na Amurka, wanda ya sa taron ya watse cikin firgici. Gwamnati ta musanta amfani da makamin, kuma daga baya ma'aikatar cikin gida ta shigar da ƙara a kan wani masanin soja bisa iƙirarinsa cewa mai yiwuwa an yi amfani da makamin sauti.
Zanga-zangar ba ta nuna alamar raguwa cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata. Babban ƙalubalen da ke gaban ɗalibai shine yadda za su mayar da ƙarfin da ba shakka da suka samar ta hanyar ƙungiyar zuwa wata ƙarfin siyasa mai daidaituwa da za ta iya ƙalubalantar Vučić. Tsofaffin jam'iyyun adawa sun rabu saboda ɓangarorin ƙungiyoyi kuma ba su da jagoranci mai ƙarfi. Amma a wannan bazara ɗalibai sun sanar cewa sun zaɓi 'yan takara don tsayawa a wani sabon tsari, Jerin Ɗalibai, ciki har da fitattun malamai, injiniyoyi, ma'aikata, masu al'adu da ɗalibai. Takaitaccen taken su shine "Serbia ko mafia."
Vučić ya mayar da martani ga ƙalubalen ta hanyar ƙara maganganun kishin ƙasa a cikin watannin baya-bayan nan don tattara 'yan damfara. Ya yi maraba da tallafi daga maƙwabcinsa Milorad Dodik, shugaban haƙiƙa na Republika Srpska, yankin Serbia a Bosnia. Dodik an daɗe ana ganinsa a matsayin babban abokin Vladimir Putin a Balkans kuma kwanan nan ya kusanci Donald Trump, wanda abokansa ke saka hannun jari a bututun iskar gas tare da taimakonsa. Vučić kuma yana gina tallafi daga Moscow. Dangantaka tsakanin Putin da shugaban Serbia ta yi tsami a baya. Vučić yana ba Ukraine adadi mai yawa na makamai yayin da yake yin wani rikitaccen wasa na daidaita dangantakar abokantaka da Yamma da Rasha.
Amma da an cire safar hannu, shugaban Serbia ya zama ba shi da tsaro sosai. Wata alama ta yadda yake ɗaukar ƙalubalen ɗalibai da muhimmanci ita ce shawararsa ta bar wani taro na kishin ƙasa na kwanan nan—jinin jana'izar mutumin da aka sani da "Mayankan Bosnia," wanda aka yanke wa hukunci mai laifin yaƙi Ratko Mladić—da nufin ƙara tallafinsa tsakanin masu kishin ƙasa. Idan, duk da wannan, Jerin Ɗalibai ya lashe zaɓen, girgizar za a ji a duk Turai da ƙarfi kamar yadda aka ji lokacin da aka doke Orbán. Fiye da komai, yana buɗe yiwuwar haɗin kai cikin sauri da Tarayyar Turai—matakin da za a yi maraba ba kawai a Brussels ba har ma a London. Gwamnatocin Biritaniya da suka biyo baya sun damu cewa Balkans na wakiltar ƙarancin tsaron Turai, inda Rasha za ta iya yin matsin lamba mai yawa. Tun bayan Brexit, tasirin siyasar Biritaniya a nan yana da iyaka, amma ta kasance mai himma wajen haɓaka haɗin gwiwar tsaro a duk yankin tare da NATO da EU. Masu fafutukar ɗalibai da magoya bayansu sun ji takaici saboda abin da ya bayyana a matsayin rashin kulawar EU ga gwagwarmayarsu ta siyasa, da kuma ra'ayin gaba ɗaya a ƙasashen waje cewa dimokuradiyyar Serbia ta ɓace. A ranar Lahadi, suna nufin tabbatar da cewa sun yi kuskure.
Misha Glenny tsohon wakilin Guardian da BBC ne a tsakiyar Turai.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi Zanga-zangar Gen Z da Barazana ga Ɗan Tauraron Serbia
1 Menene wannan ƙungiyar zanga-zangar Gen Z a Serbia
Ƙungiyar zanga-zangar ce ta ɗalibai da matasa da ta fara bayan faɗuwar rufin tashar jirgin ƙasa mai mutuwa a Novi Sad a watan Nuwamba 2024 Galibi matasa da yawa daga cikinsu Gen Z sun fito kan tituna suna neman lissafi da canji na tsari
2 Wanene ɗan tauraron Serbia
Shugaba Aleksandar Vui Ya mamaye siyasar Serbia sama da shekaru goma yana iko da yawancin gwamnati kafofin watsa labarai da cibiyoyin jama'a
3 Me ya sa mutane ke zanga-zanga
Babban abin da ya jawo shi ne bala'in Novi Sad wanda masu zanga-zangar ke ɗora laifin cin hanci da rashin kulawa a gini da kulawa Gaba ɗaya suna neman lissafin gwamnati kawo ƙarshen cin hanci da cibiyoyi masu 'yanci da adalci
4 Me ya sa wannan zai girgiza Turai
Serbia babbar ƙasa ce a Balkans Rikicin siyasa a can zai iya sauya daidaiton ƙarfi na yankin ya shafi hanyar Serbia zuwa zama memba na EU da canza dangantakarta da Rasha da China duk waɗannan suna da muhimmanci ga sauran Turai
5 Menene Gen Z
Gen Z gaba ɗaya yana nufin mutanen da aka haifa kusan tsakanin 1997 da 2012 Su ne ƙarni da yanzu ke makarantar sakandare jami'a da farkon ayyuka kuma sun zama babbar ƙarfi a zanga-zanga a duk duniya
6 Me ya sa Gen Z ke jagorantar waɗannan zanga-zangar
Matasa sukan fi jin tasirin cin hanci da raunin cibiyoyi kai tsaye ta hanyar rashin ingantaccen ilimi ƙarancin damar aiki da jin an kulle su daga yanke shawara Suna kuma tsara tsari sosai a kafofin sada zumunta
7 Menene korar ɗan tauraron yake nufi a nan
Yana nufin tilasta Vui fita daga mulki ko raunana ikonsa sosai ta hanyar matsin lamba na jama'a zaɓe ko canjin cibiyoyi Ba lallai ba ne yana nufin wani lokaci mai ban mamaki guda ɗaya
8 Waɗannan zanga-zangar cikin lumana ne
Galibi eh Ƙungiyar ta jaddada rashin tashin hankali ko da yake an sami tashin hankali zanga-zangar adawa da rahotannin matsin lamba kan masu zanga-zanga
9 Wace rawa kafofin watsa labarai ke takawa
Babbar rawa Yawancin kafofin watsa labarai na Serbia ana ganin suna goyon bayan gwamnati don haka masu zanga-zangar da kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu sun dogara sosai kan kafofin sada zumunta da hanyoyi daban-daban don yada saƙonsu
10 Menene manyan buƙatun masu zanga-zangar
Lissafi ga bala'in Novi Sad
