Tabbas bikin adabi ne, amma idan ra'ayinka game da shi ya fito daga wurare kamar Hay-on-Wye, Edinburgh, Melbourne, Sydney, New York, ko Washington DC, to Kyiv Book Arsenal na iya sa ka ji kamar ka tsallake ta cikin tsaga a sararin samaniya zuwa wata duniyar dabam.
Da farko dai, masu sauraro sun kasance matasa sosai. Sanye da mafi kyawun tufafinsu, sun riƙe jakunkuna na littattafan da suka saya kai tsaye daga rumfunan masu buga littattafai kuma suka tsaya don rungumar abokai. Bikin ya kasance kyakkyawan uzuri don yawo cikin nishaɗi a wurin—babban ma'ajiyar makamai na birnin na ƙarni na 18—yayin kallon mutane.
[Hoto: Masu ziyara a Book Arsenal a Kyiv. Hoton: Julia Kochetova/The Guardian]
A matsayinka na baƙo, ba za ka yi tsammani daga cunkoson zauren da dogayen layukan banɗaki ba cewa, a cewar kowa, wannan ya ɗan yi shuru fiye da shekarun baya. Wani ɓangare, hakan ya faru ne saboda mummunan yanayi (da alama Kyiv ta musanya zafin bazara na yau da kullun da ruwan sama na Hay-on-Wye). Amma kuma akwai ƙaramin al'amari na gargaɗin da ake ta maimaitawa game da harin Rasha da ke gabatowa, kamar wanda aka yi mako guda da ya gabata, lokacin da maharan suka harba makamai masu linzami 60 da jirage marasa matuki 600, yawancinsu suna nufar babban birnin Ukraine.
Wannan harin—wani yunƙuri na makamai masu linzami na ballistic da jiragen Shahed a kan birnin—bai zo ba sai bayan an gama bikin, a daren Litinin. Duk da haka, a ranar Juma'a, an kwashe wurin sau da yawa, kuma Mataimakin Ministan Al'adu Bohdana Laiuk ya yi gwagwarmaya da ƙararrawar harin iska don ba da lambar yabo don mafi kyawun fassarar littafin Ukraine na waje (wanda Nina Murray ta lashe don fassarar ta ta Turanci na wasan kwaikwayo na waƙa na mata na farkon ƙarni na 20 na Lesia Ukrainka, Cassandra).
[Hoto: Masu ziyara a Book Arsenal a Kyiv. Hoton: Julia Kochetova/The Guardian]
Sannan akwai rigunan soja, a ko'ina. Rundunar Sojan Sama ta 8 ta gudanar da abin da zai iya zama mafi kyawun tashar kofi (babban matsayi a ƙasar da ke da sha'awar kofi), suna rarraba alamomin shafuka da aka buga da taken "Idan kana son karatu, muna son ka" da kuma hanyar haɗi don ba da gudummawa. Sojojin al'adu na soja sun kafa akwatin harsashi don littattafan da aka ba da gudummawa don aikawa zuwa layin gaba: abubuwan da aka bayar sun haɗa da fassarar Ukrainian na Alice's Adventures in Wonderland da The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, tare da wani juzu'i na mawaƙin zamani Halyna Kruk da wani littafi na kwanan nan game da rayuwa a layin gaba, Please Don't Be Afraid, na Pavlo "Pashtet" Belyanskiy.
Alamar yadda yaƙi ya mamaye ƙasar gaba ɗaya ita ce yawan sojojin da ke kan mataki—marubuta da suka zama sojoji, sojoji da suka zama marubuta. Yaƙin Rasha da Ukraine ya daɗe da zafi sosai kuma ya daɗe har cikakkun zagayowar buga littattafai sun canza tun daga 2022. A farkon mamayewar gaba ɗaya, tarin waƙoƙi sun fito, tunda waƙa na iya ɗaukar fashewar lokaci da ma'ana da yaƙi ke kawowa cikin sauri.
[Hoto: Maksym Butkevych, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam kuma tsohon sojan yaƙi, ɗaya daga cikin masu shirya bikin. Hoton: Julia Kochetova/The Guardian]
Amma yanzu, bayan shekaru huɗu, sojoji sun sami lokaci don haɗa manyan littattafan tarihin rayuwa na layin gaba. "Ina ganin ƙarin littattafai da ke bayyana abubuwan da waɗanda suka shiga soja suka samu, suna nuna canji daga rayuwar farar hula zuwa rayuwar soja da yadda hakan ya shafi fahimtar kansu," in ji Maksym Butkevych, ɗaya daga cikin masu shirya bikin. Mai kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, ya ba da kansa aikin soja a 2022 kuma an kama shi, an azabtar da shi, kuma an tsare shi na tsawon shekaru biyu.
Shi ne ya ba da shawarar taken bikin na bana, wanda a Turanci ke fassara zuwa "bear your freedom." Ya nuna nauyin alhakin da ke tattare da gata ta 'yanci. "Karatu alama ce ta 'yanci—wani abu da aka hana ni yi na tsawon lokacin da nake zaman talala. Wuri ne da kake da duniyar ciki wadda mai tsare ka ba zai iya mamayewa ba," in ji shi.
Tattaunawa tsakanin marubuta-sojoji, ciki har da Artur Dron', matashin marubuci kuma mawaƙi wanda sabon tarin makalolinsa Hemingway Knows Nothing ya zama mafi kyawun siyarwa, ya taɓa daidaita 'yanci, gaskiya, da alhaki. Tunda ba a tantance rubuce-rubucensu daga gwamnati ba, kuma faɗin gaskiya game da yanayin layin gaba mai tsauri yana da mahimmanci don cike gibin da ke tsakanin sojoji da farar hula, marubutan sun yi muhawara kan ko ya kamata su riƙe da son rai don amfanin gaba ɗaya. "Ba game da hana kanka wani abu ba ne," in ji Dron' yayin zaman, "amma game da jin alhakin abin da kake yi."
[Duba hoto a cikakken allo: Masu ziyara suna yin layi don shiga Book Arsenal a Kyiv bayan faɗakarwar harin iska. Hoton: Julia Kochetova/The Guardian]
A wani zaman da ake kira Fragility of the Hero, Dron' da wasu sun mai da hankali kan nisantar tsohon hoton Soviet na soja a matsayin wani halitta marar mutuntaka, marar aibu, wanda ba a taɓa shi ba. Dron' ya yi gargaɗin cewa irin wannan magana mai wuce gona da iri na iya barin 'yan ƙasa su mayar da alhakinsu ga waɗannan "jarumai" da ake zaton cikakku. "Idan muka ɗora sojoji a kan wani matsayi mai girma," in ji Butkevych, "muna cire musu haƙƙinsu na zama mutane na yau da kullun, marasa kamala."
Lokaci kuma ya kawo sabbin hanyoyin rubutu. Daga gajeren salon rubutu na gaskiya da ba a gwada shi ba na farkon shekarun, sabbin nau'ikan suna fitowa, kamar kasida mai nau'in littafi na waƙa na Katya Iakovlenko Donbas as a Metaphor, wanda aka buga kwanan nan a harshen Ukrainian ta ist publishing. Sasha Dovzhyk, darektan Cibiyar Tattara Bayanai da Musanya (Index), wacce ke tallafawa marubuta da masu bincike da ke rubuta mamayewar, ta yi nuni ga aikin Anna Gruver. A cikin haɗin ta na "littafin tarihin rayuwa, kasida, da rubutun waƙa," tana "kawar da tsammanin abin da 'rubutun yaƙi' ya kamata ya zama. Marubuta suna shirye don gwaji."
[Duba hoto a cikakken allo: Kateryna Zarembo, likitan yaƙi, mai fassara, kuma mawaƙi, tana karanta waƙoƙinta a bikin. Hoton: Julia Kochetova/The Guardian]
Ba komai ya kasance kai tsaye game da yaƙi ba. Akwai dogayen layuka don manyan littattafan asiri na Ilarion Pavliuk (wani mai ba da agajin tsaron iska yana ɗauke da biyu don sa hannu, tare da wasu littattafan yara don jikokinsa a Amurka). Taskar ƙasa kuma mai ilimin jama'a Oksana Zabuzhko ta yi magana game da cika shekaru 30 na littafinta Fieldwork in Ukrainian Sex, wanda ya kasance abin kunya na mata mafi kyawun siyarwa lokacin da ya fito a 1996 kuma majagaba ne don buga littattafan harshen Ukrainian a cikin sabuwar ƙasa mai 'yancin kai. Gidan buga littattafai na Osnovy yana tallata taken kamar fassarar Ukrainian ta farko na E.M. Forster's A Room with a View. A kan mataki na waje, masu yin wasan kwaikwayo sun yi gasa a gasar zakarun waƙoƙin slam na ƙasa. Akwai bita na collage don matasa, wasa mai laushi don yara, ɗakin rubutun hannu na Ukrainian, da ɗakin shiru idan yawan abin da ke motsa hankali ya yi yawa.
Amma ba shakka, yaƙi ya taɓa komai. Masu buga littattafan da kansu sun sha wahala, kamar kowa a lokacin hunturun da ya gabata na rashin wutar lantarki da yanayin sanyi. Wani ya yi magana game da hauhawar farashin kayan aiki wanda ya fi muni ta hanyar canjin kuɗi da euro; amfani da janareta a masana'antar buga littattafai da ɗakunan ajiya wanda ya zama dole amma mai tsada; ambaliya da ke lalata kayan aiki lokacin da tsarin dumama ya fashe bayan daskarewar hunturu; da kuma jinkirin buga littattafai. Duk wannan ya sa littattafai suka fi tsada ga masu siye. "Shekaru biyu da suka wuce, mutane suna siyan littattafai biyu ko uku ba tare da shakka ba," in ji mai buga littattafan. "Yanzu tambaya ce, wannan ko wannan?"
[Duba hoto a cikakken allo: Marubuci kuma mawaƙi Artur Dron' yana sa hannu a littafi. Hoton: Julia Kochetova/The Guardian]
Yana da wuya a yi tunanin bikin littafi da ke da babban haɗari. Haɓakar buga littattafan Ukrainian da ta fara shekaru uku da suka wata sakamako ne kai tsaye na canji a hankali ga yawancin 'yan Ukraine. Wannan canji ya haɗa da nisantar harshen Rashanci da adabin da da yawa suka girma da shi. Kamar yadda Bohdana Laiuk (sai Neborak) ta faɗa a 2023: "Mutane sun fara fahimtar cewa Rashawa sun zo nan don kashe mutane kawai saboda su 'yan Ukraine ne. Don haka mutane suna tambaya: menene ainihin ma'anar zama ɗan Ukraine? Al'adun adabi yana ba mu hanyar fahimtar ko wanene mu."
"Kyiv Book Arsenal ya fi bikin littafi kawai—wuri ne don musayar ra'ayoyi," in ji Butkevych. "Yana game da tattauna dabi'unmu da abin da muke rabawa a matsayin al'umma. Komai yana da alaƙa: harshen Ukrainian, siyan littattafai, da magana game da ra'ayoyi—waɗannan su ne zaren da ke riƙe al'ummarmu tare."
Tambayoyi da Aka Yi Yawa
Anan akwai jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawa game da Bikin Book Arsenal a Kyiv a lokacin yaƙi wanda ke rufe gaskiyar ƙararrawar harin iska da labaran layin gaba
Tambayoyi na Matakin Farko
1 Shin yana da lafiya a gudanar da bikin adabi a birnin da ake jefa bam
A'a ba shi da cikakken lafiya Bikin yana faruwa a tashar metro da bunkers tare da tsauraran matakan tsaro Dole ne kowa ya tafi mafaka lokacin da ƙararrawa ta yi
2 Me yasa wani zai gudanar da biki a lokacin yaƙi
Don nuna cewa al'ada da rayuwar Ukrainian ba za a iya lalata su ba Hanya ce ta tallafawa marubuta na gida, ƙarfafa halin kirki, da tunatar da duniya cewa Kyiv har yanzu tana raye
3 Me zai faru idan ƙararrawar harin iska ta tashi a bikin
Taron yana dakata nan take Masu shirya suna jagorantar kowa zuwa wuraren mafaka na musamman Karatu ko tattaunawa sau da yawa yana ci gaba a cikin mafaka
4 Wanene ke halartar wannan bikin
Yawancin mazauna Kyiv, mutanen da aka raba da gidajensu, sojoji a hutu, da 'yan jarida na duniya Wasu marubuta suna shiga ta hanyar kiran bidiyo daga layin gaba
5 Wane irin littattafai ake nunawa
Cakuda komai littattafan yaƙi, waƙoƙi game da juriya, littattafan yara, da adabin Ukrainian na gargajiya Yawancin marubuta suna rubuta game da labarinsu na layin gaba, rayuwa a ƙarƙashin mamaya, ko a yaƙi
Tambayoyi na Ci Gaba da Aiki
6 Ta yaya marubuta ke rubutu game da yaƙi yayin da suke cikin yankin yaƙi
Yawancin suna rubutu a cikin gajeren lokaci tsakanin faɗakarwar harin iska ta amfani da bayanan da aka ɗauka a ramuka ko mafaka Wasu suna cewa gaggawar yaƙi yana sa rubutunsu ya zama mai daci da gaskiya
7 Menene labaran layin gaba a wannan mahallin
Su ne labaran farko daga sojoji, likitoci, da farar hula a yankunan yaƙi Waɗannan labaran sau da yawa sun haɗa da cikakkun bayanai game da rayuwa, asara, da tasirin tunani na yaƙi wanda marubuci ko mai yin wasan kwaikwayo ke karantawa
8 Ta yaya ake siyar da littattafai lokacin da wutar lantarki ba ta da ƙarfi
Masu siyarwa suna amfani da tsabar kuɗi, aikace-aikacen biyan kuɗi ta wayar hannu, da fakitin baturi masu ɗaukuwa Yawancin littattafai ana siyar da su tare da rubutu a ciki wanda marubuci ya rubuta a lokacin ƙarshen rashin wutar lantarki
9 Shin akwai tsari na musamman don marubuta da ke karanta abubuwan da suka faru masu rauni
Ee Masu shirya sau da yawa suna da masu ilimin halin mutum a jiran aiki Suna gargaɗin masu sauraro kafin karatu mai cikakken hoto kuma suna ba da wuri mai natsuwa na musamman ga duk wanda ke buƙatar hutu
