A cikin watan Fabrairu 2014, dubban "ƙananan mutane kore"—sojojin Rasha sanye da kayan yaƙi marasa alama—sun kwarara cikin Crimea, suka mamaye sansanonin soji da muhimman ababen more rayuwa. Zuwan su ya nuna farkon mamayewar Vladimir Putin na yankin, aikin da daga baya ya girma ya zama mamayewar Ukraine gaba ɗaya.
A cikin watannin da suka biyo bayan mamayewar Crimea, Washington da Brussels sun sanya takunkumi a kan da yawa daga cikin abokan Putin bisa zargin tallafa wa harin. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shine Konstantin Malofeyev, hamshakin attajirin kafofin watsa labarai mai kauri gemu wanda ra'ayinsa na dama mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ya ba shi laƙabin "Orthodox oligarch."
Yayin da ƙasashen Yamma suka mayar da martani, wani dangi mai ƙarfi na Faransa ya ɗauki wata hanya ta daban, suna ba da abota ga Moscow da Malofeyev.
Konstantin Malofeyev shine wanda ya kafa Tsargrad, tashar talabijin mai goyon bayan Kremlin. Hoton: Kirill Kudryavtsev/AFP/Getty Images
Wata guda bayan takunkumin EU ya fara aiki a kan Malofeyev, Philippe da Nicolas de Villiers—ƙungiyar uba da ɗa da ke bayan Puy du Fou, kamfanin shakatawa mai shahara a duniya—sun tafi Yalta, wurin shakatawa na tarihi na Crimea a bakin tekun Black Sea. A cikin ƙawa na Fadar Livadia, inda Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt, da Winston Churchill suka taɓa tsara tsarin bayan yakin duniya na biyu, De Villiers Sr. da Putin sun tattauna shirye-shiryen kamfanin na Faransa na sabbin wuraren shakatawa biyu. Waɗannan wuraren, ɗaya daga cikinsu yana cikin sabon yankin da aka mamaye na Ukraine, za su kasance haɗin gwiwa tare da Malofeyev kuma za su "nuna tarihin Rasha da muhimmancin ruhin Rasha."
A ƙarshe, waɗannan manyan shirye-shiryen ba su taɓa samun nasara ba. Puy du Fou yanzu ya mayar da hankali ga wasu wurare. A cikin ƴan kwanaki, ana sa ran za a ba shi izinin tsarawa don wurin shakatawa na fam miliyan 600 a cikin karkarar Oxfordshire, wanda zai ƙunshi sake fasalin tarihi, ƙagaggun katangar zamanin da, ƙauyuka masu jigo, otal-otal, da gidajen abinci.
Taswirar da ke nuna wurin shakatawa na Puy du Fou UK da aka tsara
Amma ko da yayin da kamfanin ke shirin yin wasan kwaikwayo na tarihin Biritaniya sama da shekaru 1,000, sabbin shaidu suna tayar da tambayoyi game da yadda kamfanin ke nuna nasa tarihin. Puy du Fou a baya ya rage darajar dangantakarsa ta farko da Rasha da Malofeyev, yana mai da'awar cewa ya fara rage haɗin gwiwar ne da zarar an sanya takunkumin EU a watan Yuli 2014. Duk da haka, sabbin takardu da Guardian ta gani sun nuna cewa dangantakar ta ci gaba har tsawon watanni da yawa kuma, a cewar masana, mai yiwuwa ta wuce iyakokin takunkumin EU. Suna kuma tayar da tambayoyi game da yardar dangin na yin aiki da sauran gwamnatocin kama-karya.
Takardun sun bayyana:
- Puy du Fou ya yi aiki da kamfanin Malofeyev har zuwa Agusta 2015.
- Kamfanin na Faransa ya biya kuɗi ga wani babban mataimaki na Malofeyev.
- Shugabanni sun tattauna haɗarin keta takunkumi.
- Lokacin da shirin ya rushe, Puy du Fou ya juya zuwa sabbin wurare, ciki har da Iran.
- Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta China tana da ikon amincewa da rubutun wasan kwaikwayo na wurin shakatawa na Shanghai.
Zuwa Rasha da Ƙauna
"Lokacin da na ga karkatar da takunkumi da matakan ramuwa, ina ganin shugabannin Turai ba su da alhaki," Philippe de Villiers, mai shekaru 65 a lokacin, ya gaya wa gidan rediyon Faransa RTL a watan Agusta 2014. "Da farin ciki zan musanya [shugabannin Faransa François] Hollande da [Nicolas] Sarkozy da Putin," ya ƙara da cewa. Nicolas mai shekaru 34 ya faɗi shi cikin soyayya: "Shi [Putin] ya bambanta da yadda muka zata. Yana da kalmomi masu daɗi da idanu masu daɗi."
Emmanuel Macron tare da Nicolas da Philippe de Villiers a Puy du Fou a 2016. Hoton: Loïc Venance/AFP/Getty
Da yake sabo da sha'awar da aka yi a Yalta, duka mutanen biyu sun ce burinsu na faɗaɗa kasuwancin zuwa Rasha ba lallai ne ya lalace ba saboda ƙara tsananin dangantaka tsakanin Moscow da Yamma. Sabbin shaidun da Guardian ta gani sun ba da ɗan haske game da haɗin gwiwar da suke ginawa. Aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin wuraren shakatawa za a kira shi Tsargrad (ma'ana "Birnin Masarautar"), sunan da Malofeyev ke amfani da shi ga nasa kamfanin watsa labarai.
Takardar 'term sheet' da ke tafiyar da haɗin gwiwa na 50:50 mai suna Puy du Fou Tsargrad. Nicolas de Villiers da Malofeyev sun riga sun sanya hannu kan "term sheet" don haɗin gwiwa na 50:50 mai suna Puy du Fou Tsargrad, a cewar takardar da Guardian ta gani.
Lokacin da aka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar, ranar 12 ga Yuli 2014, ba zai iya zama mafi muni ba. A ranar 30 ga Yuli 2014, an sanya Orthodox oligarch a ƙarƙashin takunkumin EU bisa zargin tallafin kuɗi ga mamayewar Crimea. Takunkumin an yi niyya ne don amfani da ƙarfin tattalin arzikin Yamma don hukunta waɗanda ake zargi da hannu a mamayewar Crimea da kuma hana ƙarin ta'addanci.
Puy du Fou ya gaya wa Guardian cewa takunkumin ya kawo ƙarshen haɗin gwiwar. "Yayin da tsarin takunkumi ya fara aiwatarwa a matakai, mun daina aiki da wani mutum da aka sanya masa takunkumi wanda aka gabatar mana a matsayin abokin tarayya na gida. Lokacin da ya bayyana cewa ƙoƙarin ƙasa da ƙasa na fadada ya tsaya kuma bai inganta ba, mun yanke shawara daidai cewa ba ma son shiga Rasha. Don haka mun janye daga duk ayyukan da abokan hulɗa a can, wanda ya ɗauki ɗan fiye da shekara guda don warwarewa cikin tsari."
Abubuwan da Guardian ta gani sun bayyana nuna ci gaba da dangantaka da abokan Malofeyev, da nufin kiyaye aikin.
A cikin gado tare da oligarch
A watan Satumba 2014, watanni biyu bayan an sanya wa Malofeyev takunkumi, ma'aikatan Puy du Fou sun rarraba takardar ciki da ke bayyana yadda za a iya sake tsara aikin Tsargrad don nuna yanayin siyasa. Tsarin ƙungiyoyi sun nuna Malofeyev yana ba da kuɗin farawa da lamuni na gajeren lokaci ga wata ƙungiya ta Rasha, Tsargrad Puy du Fou LLC, wadda za ta biya kuɗin aiki a cikin asusun banki na Puy du Fou International. Bayanan da aka haɗe da takardar suna nuni ga amfani da ruble na Rasha don "kauce wa yiwuwar tasirin takunkumi."
Mataki na biyu na shirin, a cewar takardar, zai ƙunshi sanya ƙungiyar Rasha a cikin wani kamfani na ketare wanda Malofeyev da Puy du Fou suka mallaka. Kamfanin na ketare zai riƙe mallakar fasaha na wasan kwaikwayon da aka tsara a hankali kuma ya karɓi rabon kuɗi daga abin da Tsargrad ya samu, yana rarraba su ga Puy du Fou da Malofeyev. Wani tsari a cikin wannan takardar ya nuna cewa Malofeyev na iya zama "mai hannun jari na tsiraru" a cikin wani asusu da ke mallakar 50% na kamfanin na ketare.
Wasikun ciki sun bayyana nuna cewa Puy du Fou yana sane da haɗarin sake tsarawa, yana gaya wa abokan hulɗarsa na Rasha a 2014 cewa ya amince da shirin amma yana kula da "yanayin ƙasa da ƙasa da batun takunkumi," wanda zai iya fallasa kamfanin ga hukunci. Babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa an taɓa aiwatar da wannan tsari.
Amma takardu sun nuna cewa ma'amalar kuɗi da abokan Malofeyev ta ci gaba har zuwa 2015, tana ba da kuɗin ayyukan da suka bayyana suna ɗaukan cewa aikin zai ci gaba kamar yadda aka tsara.
Takardar kasafin kuɗi na Janairu 2015, wadda Guardian ta gani, ta nuna cewa Puy du Fou ya ci gaba da ɗaukar ƴan wasa don aikin, har ma da hayar filin wasa a Rasha don gudanar da jarrabawa. Kasafin kuɗin na ruble miliyan 23.5 (kusan fam 500,000) ya haɗa da ƙididdigar kuɗin haya na ofis, biyan ma'aikata, da agogon hannu 75 da aka zana da tambarin Tsargrad Puy du Fou, wanda aka kwatanta da "kyauta." Yawancin biyan kuɗi an rubuta su ranar 31 ga Janairu 2015, yayin da aƙalla ɗaya ya bayyana yana rufe lokaci har zuwa Afrilu 2015.
Puy du Fou ya ce: "Babu makawa akwai wasu ƙananan kuɗin masu samarwa ko shawarwari a kowane ɓangare, domin ba za a iya bincika aikin ƙasa da ƙasa kyauta ba. Waɗannan ba su taɓa kasancewa tare da wata ƙungiya da aka sanya wa takunkumi ba, cikin bin dokokin Faransa da EU."
Bayanan ciki sun tayar da tambayoyi game da yadda Puy du Fou ya bi dokokin takunkumi. Sun nuna cewa wasu ma'amaloli sun faru ba kai tsaye tare da Malofeyev ba amma tare da wani kamfani mai suna MarMarket capitalization (MarCap).
Duba hoton cikakken allo
Wasan kwaikwayon Viking a wurin shakatawa na Puy du Fou a Les Epesses, Faransa. Hoton: Dimitri Carol/Alamy
Lokacin da Amurka ta bi EU wajen sanya wa Malofeyev takunkumi a watan Disamba 2014, ta kuma sanya takunkumi a kan MarCap saboda rawar da Orthodox oligarch ke takawa a matsayin abokin gudanarwa.
Bayanan sun nuna cewa biyan kuɗi ga ma'aikatan MarCap a lokacin 2015 an ba da su, aƙalla a wani ɓangare, ta hanyar Puy du Fou.
Babban abokin hulɗar kamfanin na Faransa don tattaunawa mai gudana game da aikin da kasafin kuɗinsa, a cewar takardu, shine Yury Leonov, ma'aikacin MarCap kuma babban mataimaki na Malofeyev.
Sadarwa tare da Leonov ta ci gaba har zuwa Yuli 2015, lokacin da ya rubuta kai tsaye zuwa ga Nicolas de Villiers don tattauna "biyan daftarin Janairu."
Duba hoton cikakken allo
Wani kan imel da ke nuna sadarwa daga Yuli 2015, tare da Oleg Ochinsky a cikin kwafin.
Musayar imel tsakanin ma'aikatan Puy du Fou a watan Yuli da Agusta an kuma kwafa wa Oleg Ochinsky, sanannen abokin kasuwanci na Malofeyev, wanda aka kwatanta a cikin wata takardar ciki a matsayin "DG" na Malofeyev, wanda ake fahimtar "babban darakta."
Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan imel, wanda aka aika a watan Yuli 2015—shekara guda bayan Puy du Fou ya yi da'awar ya fara rage aikin—yana da taken "nazarin yanayi."
Puy du Fou bai bayyana ya yanke shawara ta ƙarshe na ƙare dangantakarsa da Leonov, Ochinsky, da aikin Tsargrad ba sai aƙalla Agusta 2015.
Michael Ruck, abokin tarayya kuma masanin takunkumi a kamfanin lauyoyi K&L Gates, ya ce: "Yanayin da ke cikin wannan al'amari ya bayyana yana tayar da tambayoyi game da bin takunkumi da kuma ko ƙuntatawa masu dacewa za su hana kowane ɗayan ayyukan da ke gudana.
Lokacin da aka sanya takunkumi kuma aka ƙayyade mutum ko ƙungiya, ƙuntatawa masu dacewa suna aiki nan da nan. Babu wani lokacin rage aiki na atomatik, kuma duk wata ma'amala da ta keta ƙuntatawar takunkumi an hana ta sai dai idan an ba da takamaiman lasisi ko izini don samar da irin wannan lokacin rage aiki."
Puy du Fou ya ƙi amsa ko ya samu irin wannan lasisi.
Bai yi magana game da ma'amalolin da ke bayyana tare da ma'aikatan MarCap ba ko kuma dalilin da ya sa ya tattauna "nazarin yanayi" tare da Leonov a kan aikin da ke rage aiki. Kamfanin ya ce an "kama shi da mamaki saboda saurin tabarbarewar yanayin siyasa a Rasha da Crimea."
"Mun soke wannan shirin yadda ya kamata da zarar ƙoƙarin rage rikici ya gaza a fili kuma an kafa tsarin takunkumin ƙasa da ƙasa yadda ya kamata," in ji shi.
Duba hoton cikakken allo
Philippe de Villiers a wani taron hana zubar da ciki a Paris a watan Janairu 2025. Hoton: Bastien Ohier/Hans Lucas/AFP/Getty Images
Idan Philippe de Villiers ya sami wahalar rabuwa da Malofeyev, dalilan sun kasance na al'ada kamar na kuɗi.
Akwai dangantaka ta dabi'a tsakanin ɗan siyasan Faransa da Orthodox oligarch, wanda bangaskiya da nau'in siyasa na dama mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ke goyon baya wanda ke da matukar shakku ga ƙungiyoyi kamar Musulmai da mutanen LGBT.
Philippe de Villiers ɗan siyasa ne na sana'a, tsohon minista a gwamnatin Jacques Chirac wanda a da yana da burin zama shugaban ƙasa kuma ana yi masa bikin a matsayin jarumi a yankin Vendée na yammacin Faransa, inda Puy du Fou yake.
Ya kafa jam'iyyarsa, Mouvement pour la France, a 1994. Tsarin MPF ya haɗa da hana gina sabbin masallatai da hana auren ɗan luwaɗi da ɗaukar ɗa ta hanyar ɗan luwaɗi.
A matsayinsa na babban jigo a cikin dama mai tsattsauran ra'ayi a Faransa, ya bayyana Musulunci a matsayin wanda bai dace da Jamhuriyar Faransa ba kuma ya yi kakkausar suka ga haƙƙin LGBTQ+. Ba ya shiga cikin gudanar da kasuwancin Puy du Fou amma ya kasance darakta.
Masu suka, ciki har da masana tarihi masu kishin hagu a Faransa, sun yi iƙirarin cewa ra'ayin dangin na Katolika mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ya karkatar da sigar tarihin da aka nuna a Puy du Fou.
Disneyland ga masu mulkin kama-karya
A cikin kayan talla a gidan yanar gizon sa, Puy du Fou ya bayyana burinsa na "cin duniya," kuma kamfanin ya faɗaɗa zuwa ayyuka a duk faɗin duniya, daga Singapore zuwa Spain da Indiya zuwa Italiya. A 2024, ya ƙaddamar da nunin City of Light na wucin gadi a Shanghai, yana kawo salon wasan kwaikwayo na musamman zuwa China. Baƙi sun sa mayafi ja kuma sun shiga cikin wani kasada mai mu'amala da aka saita a cikin 1930s, inda za su iya kusantar ƴan wasa da ke yin faɗa da raye-raye.
Nasarar Puy du Fou ta dogara ne a kan rubutun wasan kwaikwayo, waɗanda farkonsu De Villiers Sr. ya rubuta. Waɗannan rubutun suna juya sake fasalin tarihi mai sauƙi zuwa wasan kwaikwayo mai jan hankali, wanda ya sa su zama mafi darajar kadarorin kamfanin.
A China, Guardian ta gano cewa kamfanin ya bayyana yana son barin jami'an Beijing, maimakon nasa ƙungiyar, su sami babban ra'ayi a kan rubutun. Sakonnin ciki da Guardian ta bita sun nuna manyan shugabanni suna koka game da "ikon gwamnati a kan rubutun" amma sun bayyana suna yarda da shi a matsayin abin da ba za a iya gujewa ba.
Puy du Fou ya amsa: "Kamar kowane aiki a kowace ƙasa, akwai tsarin amincewa na doka, kuma a China wannan ya haɗa da nuna rubutun ga hukumomin da suka dace don amincewa ta farko. Don bayyana sarai, babu wani mutum ko hukuma a China da ya taɓa rubuta ko sarrafa kowane rubutun Puy du Fou."
China ɗaya ce daga cikin ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa na Puy du Fou. Wata ƙawancen da aka tsara na iya zama abin mamaki, idan aka yi la'akari da ra'ayin Philippe de Villiers game da Musulunci. Wata wasika da Guardian ta gani, wadda aka fara buga ta a mujallar satirical ta Faransa Le Canard enchaîné, ta nuna kamfanin yana neman kusanci da gwamnatin Iran. An aika a 2016 daga Philippe de Villiers zuwa ga jakadan Iran a Faransa, wasiƙar ta nuna sha'awar aikin da zai nuna "kyautatawar al'adu da zurfin tarihin wannan babbar wayewa."
Puy du Fou ya ce: "A 2016, lokacin da ake ɗaga takunkumin Iran kuma yawancin kamfanonin ƙasa da ƙasa suna neman sake saka hannun jari a can, jakadan Iran ya tuntuɓi Puy du Fou don ganin ko muna sha'awar aiki. Bayan abin da Puy du Fou ya kwatanta a matsayin 'haɗin gwiwa na farko na wucin gadi,' an watsar da shirin na Iran, kamar aikin Tsargrad."
A yau, duk da wasu abubuwan da suka shude na De Villiers, burin Puy du Fou na ƙasa da ƙasa yana bunƙasa. Wurin shakatawa na Spain da aka buɗe a 2021 yana da kyau, kuma Puy du Fou yanzu yana shirye don babban aikin ƙasa da ƙasa mafi girma: cin Biritaniya. Visit Britain, hukumar yawon buɗe ido, ta goyi bayan aikin, kamar yadda gwamnatin Burtaniya ta yi. Ana sa ran amincewar tsarawa a cikin makonni, tare da buɗewa a 2029.
Amma yayin da baƙi na farko suka isa don fuskantar tarihin Biritaniya kamar yadda Puy du Fou ya faɗa, tambayoyi sun kasance game da labarin da wannan cibiyar ta Faransa ke ba da kanta. An gyara wannan labarin a ranar 2 ga Agusta 2026. Wani sigar farko ta bayyana cewa Puy du Fou ya bayyana damuwa game da sake tsara kamfani a watan Satumba 2022; a gaskiya, wannan ya faru ne a 2014.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Anan akwai jerin tambayoyin da ake yawan yi game da alaƙar Kremlin da aka ruwaito da aikin wurin shakatawa na fam miliyan 600 na Burtaniya
Tambayoyi na Matakin Farko
1 Menene wannan aikin wurin shakatawa na fam miliyan 600 na Burtaniya
Wani wurin nishaɗi ne da aka tsara na miliyoyin fam da aka shirya don Burtaniya, wanda ake kira da "Disneyland na Biritaniya." Aikin da ake magana a kai shi ne London Resort a Kent, wanda ya kasance a matakin tsarawa na shekaru da yawa
2 Menene alaƙar Kremlin da kowa ke magana a kai
Rahotanni sun nuna cewa masu ba da kuɗi ko manyan masu saka hannun jari a bayan aikin suna da alaƙa da hamshakan attajiran Rasha ko ƙungiyoyi masu kusanci da Kremlin. Wannan ya tayar da damuwa game da inda kuɗin ke fitowa da kuma ko akwai tasirin siyasa na ɓoye
3 Shin wannan yana nufin gwamnatin Rasha ce ta mallaki wurin shakatawa
A'a. Kremlin ba ta mallaki wurin kai tsaye ba. Damuwar ita ce alaƙar kai tsaye—alal misali idan babban mai saka hannun jari ɗan Rasha ne mai kusanci da Vladimir Putin ko kuma idan an bi da kuɗin ta hanyar kamfanoni masu ɓoye tsarin mallaka
4 Me ya sa yake da muhimmanci wanda ya saka hannun jari a wurin shakatawa
Yana da muhimmanci ga tsaron ƙasa da bayyana gaskiyar kuɗi. Idan kuɗin ya fito daga mutane ko ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin takunkumin ƙasa da ƙasa, zai iya zama ba bisa doka ba. Yana kuma tayar da tambayoyi game da tasirin siyasa, satar kuɗi, da kuma ko Burtaniya tana ba da mafaka ga ƙazantattun kuɗi ba da gangan ba
5 Shin ana gina wurin shakatawa a zahiri
A halin yanzu, aikin ya fuskanci jinkiri da ƙalubale na shari'a da yawa. Makomar London Resort ba ta da tabbas, kuma waɗannan damuwar kuɗi sun ƙara wani nauyi ga samun amincewa da kuɗi
Tambayoyi na Matakin Ci gaba
6 Su wane ne takamaiman mutanen Rasha da ke da alaƙa da aikin
Rahotannin bincike sun nuna Yevgeny Chichvarkin, tsohon hamshakin attajirin wayar hannu na Rasha kuma wanda ya kafa London Resort. Yayin da shi mai sukar Putin ne, abokan kasuwancinsa da kuma tushen kuɗin saka hannun jari an bincika su. Wasu rahotanni sun danganta kuɗin da kamfanonin da ke da alaƙa da Roman Abramovich ko wasu mutanen da aka sanya wa takunkumi, kodayake waɗannan alaƙa galibi ana musu ko kuma suna da rikitarwa
7 Yaya Dokar Tsaron Ƙasa da Saka Hannun Jari ta Burtaniya ta shafi wannan
Gwamnatin Burtaniya na iya shiga tsakani a cikin yarjejeniyoyin da ke haifar da haɗari ga tsaron ƙasa. Idan an ɗauki wurin shakatawa a matsayin muhimmin yanki na
