Tun daga shekara ta 2013, gindin titin Taras Shevchenko Boulevard a Kyiv ya tsaya babu komai. Abin tunawa da ya lalace an rufe shi da farin fenti da rubutu. Wani ya manna alamar Ukraine mai hawa uku a inda Lenin ya taɓa tsayawa, yana kallon ƙasa a lokacin mulkin Soviet na gurguzu. Jama'a sun ja da wannan mutum-mutumi a lokacin juyin juya halin Maidan na Ukraine, wanda ya kori gwamnatin da ke goyon bayan Rasha, kuma suka farfasa shi da guduma.
A watan Yuni, Volodymyr Zelenskyy ya ba da shawarar sanya sabon mutum a kan gindin: Ivan Mazepa, shugaban soja da siyasa na Cossack wanda ya rabu da Moscow kuma ya yi yaƙi don 'yancin kai na Ukraine. "Na tabbata cewa inda Lenin ya faɗi, Mazepa zai tsaya da ƙarfi," in ji Zelenskyy. Ya yi magana kusa da wani mutum-mutumi na Mazepa a Pechersk Lavra, wani tsohon gidan sufi na Kyiv da makamai masu linzami na Rasha suka buge.
Shawarar musanya Lenin da Mazepa ta haifar da muhawara mai zafi game da mutum-mutumai da abin da suke bayyana game da canjin asalin ƙasa. Bayan samun 'yancin kai a 1991, Ukraine ta cire mutum-mutumai da yawa na zamanin Soviet kuma ta sake sunayen tituna a matsayin wani ɓangare na "kawar da mulkin gurguzu." Wannan tsari ya yi sauri a 2014 lokacin da Rasha ta ɗauki Crimea kuma fada ya fara a Donbas, kuma ya yi sauri fiye da haka bayan mamayewar Vladimir Putin na 2022, wanda ke nufin shafe Ukraine daga taswirar Turai.
Nataliia Kryvda, farfesa a tarihin al'adu a Jami'ar Taras Shevchenko ta ƙasa a Kyiv, ta ce Ukraine tana cikin wani lokaci na kawar da mulkin mallaka wanda bai ƙare ba. "USSR ta sha al'adun ƙasa. Ta yi ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar al'umma ɗaya ta 'yan ƙasar Soviet. A yau, Rasha tana kallon Ukraine kuma tana cewa mu mutane ɗaya ne. Wannan ba gaskiya ba ne. Muna da tunaninmu, makomar tarihi, imani, da mafarkai. Asalinmu tsari ne mai ci gaba," in ji ta.
Tsaye kusa da tsohon gindin Lenin, Kryvda ta ce tana goyon bayan mutum-mutumin Mazepa. "Me ya sa ba za a yi ba? Shi ne shugabanmu. Kowane al'ada yana buƙatar yiwa wurinsa alama da abubuwan tunawa. Suna sa tunawa ya zama abin taɓawa," in ji ta. Ta bayyana Mazepa a matsayin "mutum mai sabani" kuma ba "jarumi mai kyau ba."
"Da gaske ya kasance aboki da abokin siyasa na Rasha, har zuwa lokacin da ya canza rayuwarsa da tarihi sosai," ta ƙara da cewa.
A matsayinsa na hetman, ko shugaba, na Cossack Ukraine, Mazepa ya yi ƙoƙarin daidaita buƙatun Moscow da Warsaw maƙwabta. A 1708, Sarkin Rasha Peter Mai Girma ya ƙi kare yankin Ukraine daga mamayar Sweden. Mazepa ya bar sarkin kuma ya kulla kawance da Sarkin Sweden Charles XII. Wannan mataki ya ƙare da shan kashi kuma ya sa Bolsheviks suka kira masu kishin Ukraine na zamani "Mazepists."
"Mazepa shi ne mai tsara Ukraine ta Turai," in ji Kryvda.
A cikin jawabinsa a Pechersk Lavra, Zelenskyy ya ce Rasha ta yi wa Mazepa ƙarya tsawon ƙarni, tana kwatanta shi a matsayin maci amana. Manufarsu, in ji shi, ita ce sa 'yan Ukraine "su ga tarihin kansu ta idanun wasu."
Alim Aliev, marubuci kuma mai fafutuka na Crimean Tatar, ya ce Ukraine a ƙarshe tana dawo da asalinta. "Muna dawo da muryoyinmu da sunayenmu," in ji shi. Ya yi nuni da misalin mawaƙi kuma mai adawa na Ukraine na ƙarni na 20 Vasyl Stus, wanda hotonsa zai bayyana a watan Satumba a kan sabon takardar kuɗi na 2,000 Hryvnia. Stus ya yi karatu a Donetsk, birnin gabashin Donbas da Rasha ta mamaye yanzu, kuma ya jagoranci farfaɗowar ƙasa ta Ukraine. Ya mutu a 1985 a sansanin kurkuku na Soviet.
A ra'ayin Aliev, Ukraine yanzu tana magana game da tarihinta "ba tare da masu shiga tsakani ba," kuma ya ce ya dace cewa an cire mutum-mutumai na mawaƙin Rasha na ƙarni na 19 Pushkin a duk faɗin ƙasar. "Yana da ra'ayi na mulkin mallaka gaba ɗaya game da Crimea," in ji Aliev, yana ambaton waƙar labari ta Pushkin The Fountain of Bakhchisarai. "Yana ba da daraja ga Crimean Tatars kuma yana kwatanta mu daga hangen nesa na mulkin mallaka." Game da mutum-mutumin Mazepa, ya ƙara da cewa: "Ba na ganin ra'ayi ne mai rikici."
A watan da ya gabata, ma'aikata sun cire wani abin tunawa ga wani shahararren marubucin Rasha, Mikhail Bulgakov. Ya tsaya tun 2007 a wajen gidan da yake zaune, a kan ɗayan mafi kyawun titunan Kyiv, St Andrew's Descent. Majalisar birnin Kyiv ta kada kuri'a don cire shi. Sauran allunan da aka keɓe ga Bulgakov—wanda aka haifa a Kyiv ga dangin Rasha lokacin da birnin yana cikin Daular Rasha—an riga an cire su, gami da ɗayan a wajen jami'ar da ya karanta likitanci. Gidan kayan tarihi na Bulgakov, wanda ke cikin tsohon gidansa, har yanzu yana buɗe.
Daraktan gidan kayan tarihin, Liudmyla Habianuri, ta ce ba ta adawa da cire mutum-mutumin ba kuma ta yi watsi da takardar koke don ajiye shi a matsayin "maras muhimmanci." Ta yarda cewa Bulgakov ya rubuta game da sojojin kishin ƙasa na Ukraine da mummunan ra'ayi a cikin littafinsa na Kyiv The White Guard, wanda aka saita a lokacin hunturu na 1918–19 a lokacin juyin juya hali da yaƙi. Amma ta jaddada, "Bulgakov shaida ne na zamaninsa. Kuma mai ba'a. Ba ya son kowa. Wannan ya haɗa da gurguzu da firistoci."
Habianuri ta ce yaƙin Rasha ya sa 'yan Ukraine su yi tambaya, "'Ni wa ne?' Tambaya ce mai raɗaɗi," in ji ta. "Idan na yi magana da Rashanci kuma na kalli fina-finan Rasha, kuma Rashawa suna kashe ni, to dole ne in bar duk wannan. Sannan ni ɗan Ukraine ne. Kuma idan ni ɗan Ukraine ne, dole ne in zama ɗan Ukraine da sauri."
Wannan ya sa mutane su shiga gwagwarmayar neman asali, in ji ta, ko dai ta hanyar kafofin sada zumunta ko ta hanyar kai hari ga mutum-mutumai.
Bulgakov, ta ƙara da cewa, sau da yawa yana shiga cikin waɗannan gwagwarmayoyin. "A yanzu akwai tebur mai ginshiƙai biyu kawai: ƙari ko ragi. A matsayin ɗan Rasha wanda bai rubuta daga hangen nesa na masu kare Ukraine ba, Bulgakov ba zai iya samun alamar ƙari ba."
Habianuri ta ce wani tsari na "sauƙaƙawa" yana faruwa, amma ta yi farin ciki sosai lokacin da masu zanga-zanga suka cire mutum-mutumin Lenin, tana cewa, "Mutumin maƙiyin ɗan adam ne da kansa." Mazepa, in ji ta, "mutum ne na musamman" wanda ya yi wahayi ga wata shahararriyar waƙa ta Lord Byron. Amma ta yi tambaya ko gindin ya dace da wurin tunawa.
"Na fahimci cewa wani ɗan gajeren hari ne ga Rasha. Amma ba wurin da ya dace ga jarumi ba," in ji ta. "Jamusawa sun rataye mutane a can a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu."
Ba kamar mutum-mutumin Lenin ba, mutum-mutumin Bulgakov an tattara shi a hankali kuma an mayar da shi ga dangin marigayi mai sassaƙa shi, Mykola Rapay. 'Yarsa, Kateryna, ta ƙi buƙatar da Guardian ta yi na ɗaukar hoton aikin a sabon wurinsa. Ta ce ta ba da tabbaci na hukuma cewa mutum-mutumin zai kasance "a waje da sararin jama'a."
"Waɗannan ba son raina ba ne," in ji ta. "Sassaƙar ba mallakina ba ce. Ni ne mai tabbatar da kiyaye ta."
A Pechersk Lavra, masu yawon buɗe ido sun wuce sabon mutum-mutumin Mazepa, wanda aka sanya a gaban wani maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da lambun inuwa mai daɗi. Yana zaune kusa da Dormition Cathedral na ƙarni na 11 na rukunin, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a zamanin da don binne manyan mutane. A makon da ya gabata, wani yaro ya ɗauki hoton mahaifinsa tsaye kusa da sabon abin tunawa.
Mazepa, mai goyon bayan fasaha, ya ba da gudummawar kuɗi don gyaran cathedral na baroque. A watan Yuni, wani jirgin sama mara matuki na Rasha ya fado a kan rufinsa, ya kunna wuta kuma ya baƙanta hotunan waliyai a waje. Sauran gumaka da kayan addini an cece su.
Wata baƙuwar Ukraine, Olena Polishchuk, ta ce ta zo Lavra daga Burtaniya, inda ta ke zaune tun bayan mamayewar Putin. Me take tunani game da Mazepa? "Mutum ne mai shahara. Na yi farin ciki da ana tuna da shi. Yana da muhimmin ɓangare na tarihinmu," in ji ta.
Tambayoyi da Aka Yi Yawa
Ga jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawa dangane da batun daga tambayoyi na asali zuwa na ci gaba
Tambayoyi na Matakin Farko
Q Me ya sa Kyiv ke son cire mutum-mutumin Lenin?
A Yawancin 'yan Ukraine suna ganin Lenin da Tarayyar Soviet a matsayin wani ƙarfi da ya zalunci Ukraine, ya haifar da yunwa, kuma ya danne al'adun Ukraine. Cire mutum-mutumin hanya ce ta ƙin wannan gado.
Q Wanene shugaban Cossack da suke son maye gurbinsa da shi?
A Mutum-mutumin zai kasance na wani shahararren shugaban Cossack. Ana kallon Cossacks a matsayin alamun 'yancin kai na Ukraine, ƙarfin soja, da asalin ƙasa.
Q Shin wannan game da mutum-mutumi ɗaya ne kawai?
A A'a. Wannan wani ɓangare ne na babban motsi da ake kira kawar da mulkin gurguzu ko kawar da mulkin mallaka a Ukraine, inda ake cire ko maye gurbin dubban mutum-mutumai da sunayen tituna na zamanin Soviet.
Q Menene Holodomor da mutane ke ambata tare da wannan batu?
A Holodomor yunwa ce da mutum ya haifar a Soviet Ukraine a 1932-33 wanda ta kashe miliyoyin 'yan Ukraine. Yawancin suna ɗaukar Lenin da Stalin da alhakin wannan kisan kare dangi.
Tambayoyi na Matakin Tsaka-tsaki
Q Menene ma'anar maganar "Lenin maƙiyin ɗan adam ne" a cikin wannan mahallin?
A Magana ce mai ƙarfi da 'yan Ukraine masu fafutuka da masana tarihi ke amfani da ita don jayayya cewa manufofin Lenin sun haifar da wahala da mutuwa mai yawa, ba kawai a Ukraine ba amma a duniya.
Q Me ya sa shugaban Cossack maimakon jarumin Ukraine na zamani?
A Shugabannin Cossack suna wakiltar Ukraine mai 'yanci kafin Soviet. Suna nuna dogon tarihin yaƙi don 'yanci a kan daulolin waje. Hanya ce mai ƙarfi don haɗa Ukraine ta zamani da tushenta kafin mulkin mallaka.
Q Shin duk 'yan Ukraine suna goyon bayan wannan shawarar?
A A'a. Yayin da da yawa ke goyon bayanta, wasu 'yan Ukraine tsofaffi waɗanda suka girma a USSR har yanzu suna girmama alamomin Soviet. Wasu suna jayayya cewa cire mutum-mutumai ɓata kuɗi ne ko kuma cewa ya kamata a adana tarihi a gidajen kayan tarihi ba a lalata shi ba.
Q Shin wannan ya haifar da wani rikici ko shari'a?
A Ee, akwai rikice-rikice da shari'o'i game da cire mutum-mutumai, amma ba a bayyana dalla-dalla a cikin wannan rubutu ba.
