Haɗuwa da wani abu mai ban sha'awa koyaushe yana da daɗi, kamar yadda mutanen zamanin Victoria suka yi hauka da penny farthings. Wataƙila shi ya sa, duk da kyakkyawan tunani na, na je ganin babban fim ɗin Christopher Nolan na The Odyssey a wannan bazara, na sayi tikitin shiga cikin tattaunawar da kowa ke yi. Wani sabon salo na wannan shekara mai kawo rarrabuwa, Wuthering Heights na Emerald Fennell, ya sa kowa ya yi ta jayayya game da shi tun kafin ma su gan fim ɗin. Babu shakka masu yin fim ɗin Sense and Sensibility na kwanan nan su ma suna fatan mutane da yawa za su je su gani don kawai su gano ko sun ƙi shi.
Bayan haka, kaɗan ne daga cikinmu ke barin gidan sinima suna cewa, "Wannan daidai yadda na yi tsammani a cikin kaina." Ko ma wanda ba zai yiwu ba: "Wannan ya fi littafin." Mafi yawan lokuta, muna girgiza hannayenmu kan yadda suka lalata ƙarshen, suka sauƙaƙa shi, suka jefa wani da gashin da bai dace ba, ko suka ci amanar wani hali da ake so, kamar yadda ya faru a bala'in Thursday Murder Club na bara.
Amma me ke sa kyakkyawan daidaitawa? Kamar Odysseus da kansa, kuma kamar yadda kowane mai sha'awar Nancy Meyers ya sani: abu ne mai rikitarwa. Na rubuta littafi game da manyan kololuwa da zurfin rashin kunya na daidaitawa, The Book Was Better, wanda a ciki na jefa kaina cikin wasu mafi munin abubuwan kallo, ciki har da wasan kwaikwayo na soft rock opera Heathcliff; The Island of Dr Moreau na 1996 mai ban tsoro; da wani mummunan sigar kashi uku na Atlas Shrugged na Ayn Rand. Amma kuma na ga manyan ayyuka da yawa waɗanda suka yi daidai ko wani lokaci suka zarce na asali. Ga abin da na koya.
Abu na farko da za a faɗa shi ne cewa ingancin tushen ba shi da mahimmanci. Na shiga bincikena da wasu ra'ayoyi da suka tsaya cak: alal misali, cewa "kyawawan daidaitawa kusan koyaushe na almara ne na aji na biyu ko na uku," kamar yadda Anthony Burgess ya rubuta; cewa wasu ayyuka "ba za a iya yin fim ba"; cewa litattafan gargajiya suna da ƙarin "wurin numfashi" a talabijin. Ba da daɗewa ba na gane babu ɗayan waɗannan da gaskiya. Eh, wani lokaci litattafai na yau da kullum, kamar jerin Jaws, The Godfather da The Exorcist na ƙarshen 60s da farkon 70s, ana iya daidaita su zuwa matakin hazaka a kan allo. Amma manyan littattafai ma na iya yin manyan fina-finai: Trainspotting, The Go-Between, The Leopard da A Clockwork Orange na Burgess kansa misalai ne kawai. Kuma wani lokaci, kamar The Da Vinci Code da Fifty Shades of Grey, littafi marar hankali sosai yakan zama fim marar hankali sosai.
Gaskiya ne cewa wasu littattafai suna dacewa da allo cikin sauƙi. Ingantattun shirye-shiryen soyayya na Jane Austen waɗanda aka hana su misalai ne waɗanda za a iya yi musu ado da tufafin kowane zamani, kamar samfurin kwamfuta da Cher Horowitz ke amfani da shi wajen tsara kayanta a farkon Clueless – daidaitawa mafi 'yanci. Littattafan Austen suna ɗauke da DNA na duk fina-finan soyayya, kamar yadda Robinson Crusoe ke cikin The Martian, littafin gothic a cikin fina-finan tsoro, ko A Christmas Carol a cikin kowane fim ɗin Kirsimeti. Ƙananan labarai, da jujjuyawar da suke yi da gaggawar zuwa ƙarshen, kamar an yi su ne don sinima; fim ɗin da na fi so, Don't Look Now, an yi shi ne daga wani ɗan littafi na Daphne du Maurier. Asalin da ba a sani ba da kuma sassaucin tatsuniyoyi da na kusa da su, tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi, suna sa su iya daidaitawa har abada, domin suna barin guraben da mai yin fim zai cika da tunaninsa.
Rashin aminci yawanci yana taimakawa. Wasu daga cikin mafi kyawun daidaitawa suna wasa da tushen, suna ɗaukar 'yanci masu ban tsoro sannan su watsar da shi kamar bera na soyayya na jarida. "Sata sassan da kuke buƙata, sannan ku gudu da sauri gwargwadon iyawa," in ji Paul Thomas Anderson; Hitchcock ya ce ya karanta The Birds sau ɗaya kafin ya yi nasa sigar, kuma bai sake tunani game da shi ba. (Wani marubucin allo da na yi magana da shi ya gaya mini cewa an taɓa neman shi kada ya karanta littafin da yake daidaitawa saboda kamfanin samarwa yana tunanin zai zama cikas.) Littattafai da fina-finai dabbobi ne gaba ɗaya daban, "apples and giraffes," kamar yadda marubuci-marubucin allo Dennis Lehane ya taɓa cewa daidaitawa aiki ne na fassara daga magana zuwa gani. Mai yin fim yana buƙatar nemo nasa harshe.
Kun yi nisa, baby … Children of Men. Hoto: AJ Pics/Alamy
Ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙaunatattun daidaitawa na rashin aminci shine Children of Men na Alfonso Cuarón na 2006, kuma ba wai kawai saboda Clive Owen ne a matakin kololuwar kamalarsa ta jiki ba. Ya yi nasarar canza wani littafi mai zurfin tunani, na tauhidi na ɗan takarar Conservative PD James zuwa wani fim mai ban tsoro game da populism, ta'addanci da yadda muke mu'amala da baƙi, wanda – ko da yake yanzu shekaru biyu kenan – yana ƙara sabo kowace shekara. (James ya ji daɗin hakan.) Cuarón ya yi amfani da littafin a matsayin wurin tsalle, sannan ya bar shi ya bi nasa kasada. Abin da ya rage shi ne babban tunani: menene idan muna rayuwa a cikin duniya ba tare da yara ba? Manyan tunanin "menene idan" na kimiyyar almara da almara mai hasashe sun dace sosai don wasa da su: jirgi wanda za a zuba abubuwan da mai yin fim ya damu da su, da damuwar zamaninsa.
Lokacin da marubuciya-darakta Sally Potter ta sake ƙirƙirar Orlando na Virginia Woolf, wanda ke tafiya cikin lokaci, ta ɗauke shi "kamar littafin bai taɓa wanzuwa ba", ta mai da shi babban abin ba'a ga gwamnatin Burtaniya da ta wuce sashe na 28. Ta ce, ta yi zalunci ga littafin don ta yi alheri ga fim ɗin. Ita ce ka'idar lalata-a-matsayin-ƙirƙira. A hannun marubuci da darakta da suka dace, tushe zai iya, kuma ya kamata, a sa shi yin biyayya ga nufinsu: Stanley Kubrick ya ci amanar hangen nesa na Stephen King na The Shining amma ya yi babban aiki. Heart of Darkness ya rikide ya zama babban fim na yaƙi tare da Apocalypse Now; Red Dragon ya zama, to, fim ɗin Michael Mann, Manhunter mai jan hankali. Daidaitawa bai kamata ya zama kundi na manyan hits mara komai ba. Yin girmamawa sosai ga tushen adabi na iya kashe shi, shi ya sa nake tsammanin fina-finai kamar The Hunger Games da The Road, waɗanda aka yi su cikin ƙauna da salo ba tare da canje-canje da yawa ba, sun ɗan yi mini kamar ba su da jini a kan allo.
Shin wani abu zai iya zama da aminci da gaske, kuma ga me? Babu wani labari da ya zama na asali 100 cikin 100. (Kamar yadda marubucin allo na Alien Dan O'Bannon ya ce: "Ban sata daga kowa ba. Na sata daga kowa!") Ba na ma tsammanin za ku iya zama "da aminci ga ruhun" rubutu, domin ruhun ya bambanta ga kowa. Dukanmu muna da ƙananan fina-finanmu da suke gudana a cikin kawunanmu lokacin da muke karatu. Da yawa suna ganin The Great Gatsby a matsayin kararrawa ta mutuwa ga Amurka; masu daidaitawa suna tunanin: "liyafa!". Ina ganin Heathcliff ɗan iska ne wanda ke son rataye ƙananan karnuka; daraktoci da suka biyo baya a fili ba su gani haka ba. Na ji daɗin gano cewa Jodie Foster ta yi ƙoƙari sosai don rawar Clarice Starling a The Silence of the Lambs saboda, a gare ta, littafin game da mace ce da ke ceton rayuwar wata mace yayin da "duk waɗannan maza" ke kawo cikas. Daidaitawa na iya zama kawai hangen nesa cikin tunanin wani, amma hotunansu ba safai suke dacewa da waɗanda muka yi tsammani ba.
Na zamani … Renée Zellweger a matsayin Bridget Jones. Hoto: Working Title/Sportsphoto/Allstar
Wataƙila mafi bayyanannen misali na wannan shine zaɓin 'yan wasa. Kamar yadda dare ke biyo rana, Hollywood tana zaɓar ɗan wasa mai kyan gani fiye da yadda ya kamata, ko da yake ba koyaushe yake kaiwa matakin "Denise Richards a cikin hotpants a matsayin masanin kimiyyar nukiliya a The World is Not Enough" ba. Wannan na iya zama da gangan: a cikin littafin Robert Bloch na Psycho, Norman Bates abin ƙyama ne a jiki; Hitchcock yana son Anthony Perkins mai fuskar kirki don rawar don ya ɓata tunanin masu kallo. Mafi yawan lokuta saboda, kamar yadda mai suka Roger Ebert ya lura, sinima inji ce ta haifar da tausayi, don haka tunanin shi ne cewa jagororin ya kamata su zama "masu daɗi" – wanda ya koma baya sosai lokacin da aka zaɓi Bruce Willis a matsayin ɗan jaridar Ingilishi busasshe a cikin sanannen bala'in daidaitawar The Bonfire of the Vanities na Tom Wolfe. Amma wani lokaci ɗan wasan da ba daidai ba a takarda zai iya mai da rawar tashi, ko Margaret Rutherford a matsayin Miss Marple, Renée Zellweger a matsayin Bridget Jones ko Michael Caine a matsayin Harry Palmer a The Ipcress File (a cikin littattafan Len Deighton, shi ɗan arewa ne kuma ba shi da suna). Charisma tana tafiya mai nisa. Wataƙila daidaitawa a ƙarshe ya dogara da motsin rai da ji. "Kun sha abin sha, kuma ɗanɗanon da ya rage a bakinku shine abin da kuke tafiya da shi," kamar yadda Anthony Minghella ya kwatanta daidaita The Talented Mr Ripley. Irvine Welsh ya ce dole ne ku ji ƙanshin littattafan. Hossein Amini, wanda ya sake ƙirƙirar The Wings of the Dove a matsayin "noir cikin tufafi", yana son sake kama wannan lokacin farin ciki lokacin da "babu wani a duniya da ya fahimci ko ya sami wannan littafin daidai kamar yadda na yi". Idan na koma The Odyssey, ina mamakin dalilin da ya sa, ko da Nolan ya yi abubuwan da suka dace—ya sa shi ƙarƙashin ra'ayinsa na duniya kuma ya sake ƙirƙira shi cikin rashin aminci don zamaninmu ta hanyar mai da mai wayo mai yaudara zuwa tsohon soja mai rauni—fim ɗin kawai ya sa ni ji kamar na kasance cikin yaƙi: dogon lokaci na gajiya da jira tare da tashin hankali. Wataƙila, a ƙarshe, ya yi tunani da yawa kuma ya kamata ya ji shi maimakon? Ko wataƙila, kamar yadda marigayi Hilary Mantel ta ce game da daidaitawa, dole ne ku "ajiye rubutun, kuma ku yi mafarkinsa". The Book Was Better na Louise Willder (Oneworld, £14.99). Don yin oda kwafi akan £13.49 je zuwa guardianbookshop.com. Ana iya amfani da kuɗin bayarwa.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
FAQs Littafi Buɗe Yadda ake Yin Kyakkyawan Daidaitawar Fim daga The Shining zuwa Trainspotting
1 Menene daidaitawar fim
Daidaitawar fim fim ne da aka yi shi bisa wani aiki yawanci littafi wasan kwaikwayo ko ɗan gajeren labari Yana ɗaukar tushen kuma yana sake siffanta shi don allo
2 Me ya sa masu yin fim ke ci gaba da daidaita littattafai
Littattafai suna zuwa da labarai da halaye da masu sauraro da aka gina a ciki Shahararren littafi yana da magoya baya wanda zai iya taimakawa fim ya samu kuma ya sami masu kallo
3 Me ke sa kyakkyawan daidaitawar fim
Yana kama ruhun littafin yayin da yake aiki a matsayin fim da kansa Mafi kyawun daidaitawa suna jin kamar fina-finai da farko ba kamar littattafan da aka karanta da murya ba
4 Shin kyakkyawan daidaitawa dole ne ya kasance da aminci ga littafin
A'a Aminci ga shirin ba shi da mahimmanci fiye da aminci ga sauti jigo da hali The Shining yana yanke kuma yana canza abubuwa da yawa duk da haka da yawa suna ɗaukarsa babban aiki
5 Me ya sa ake yawan kiran The Shining kyakkyawan daidaitawa
Stanley Kubrick ya kiyaye ainihin littafin keɓewa hauka otal mai fatalwa amma ya sake gina shi da nasa salo na gani da jigogi Misali ne na sake fassara maimakon kwafi
6 Menene Trainspotting ke koya mana game da daidaitawa
Yana nuna yadda ake kama muryar littafi da kuzarinsa ba tare da bin shi scene by scene ba Fim ɗin yana taƙaita halaye yana kiyaye sautin da ba a gyara ba kuma yana amfani da salo don fassara rubutun Irvine Welsh mai cike da yare
7 Menene babban kuskuren da masu daidaitawa ke yi
Ƙoƙarin haɗa komai Littafi yana da wuri don ƙananan labarai da magana ta ciki fim na awa biyu ba shi da shi Riƙe kowane dalla-dalla yawanci yana sa fim ya zama mai kumburi mara rai
8 Yaya ake magance magana ta ciki ta littafi
Yi amfani da muryar mai ba da labari alamun gani tattaunawa ko wasan kwaikwayo Wani lokaci kakan yanke shi gaba ɗaya kuma ka bar masu sauraro su gane abin da hali ke tunani
9 Menene lasisin ƙirƙira a daidaitawa
'Yancin canza shiri halaye ko ƙarshe don hidimar fim Ba cin amana ba ne sau da yawa wajibi ne
10 Shin daidaitawa zai iya fi littafin
Eh
