Gabar tekun arewacin Jamaica ta taba zama wurin daukar hotuna na wasu al'amura a cikin fim din James Bond mai suna No Time to Die. Amma a yau, a karkashin wadannan raƙuman ruwa masu shuɗi, wani aiki na gaske yana gudana: gudun ceto don kare murjani da ke mutuwa daga rugujewa.
Duk da haka, kayan aikin da ƙungiyar masu nutsewa ke ɗauka zuwa gindin teku ba abin da kuke tsammanin samu a cikin kayan aikin masanin halittun ruwa ba. Suna shigar da lasifika masu hana ruwa a gindin teku, kuma mutumin da ke jagorantar ƙungiyar ba masanin kimiyya ba ne.
"Ya bambanta sosai da duk abin da na yi a baya," in ji Marco Barotti, wani mai zane daga Italiya.
Shekaru biyar da suka wuce, Barotti ya fara ƙirƙirar sassaka bisa ga binciken 3D na murjani. Ya sami wahayi daga bincike mai tasowa wanda ke nuna cewa sauti na iya zama mabuɗin farfado da murjani da ke fama da wahala. "Sauti ya kasance a cikin tushen aikina, amma ba a wannan matakin ba," in ji shi.
Waƙar teku
Ga kunnen mutum, duniyar karkashin ruwa na iya zama shiru sosai, amma murjani mai lafiya a zahiri cike yake da hayaniya. Waƙar halitta ce ta shrimps masu tsatsa, kifaye masu gunaguni, da igiyoyin ruwa masu canzawa. Murjani mai mutuwa yana da shiru mai ban tsoro.
"Idan murjani yana da rai da sauti, yana da yuwuwar ya ci gaba da rayuwa, ko? Kuma ya sake yawaita. Kuma idan murjani ya lalace, sai ya yi shiru," in ji Barotti.
Kifi da ƙananan halittun murjani suna amfani da sauti don kewaya manyan tekuna da samun gida, don haka tunanin yana da sauki: idan ka dawo da hayaniya, rayuwar ruwa za ta biyo baya. Aikin yana amfani da "lasifikan karkashin ruwa" waɗanda ke kunna sautunan da aka yi rikodin na murjani mai lafiya na sa'o'i 14 a rana, ana samun ƙarfi daga hasken rana da ke iyo a saman.
Nazarin Babban Murjani Reef
Wani bincike da aka buga a mujallar Nature ya nuna ƙarfin abin da aka sani da "haɓaka sauti." Masu bincike a Babban Murjani Reef sun gano cewa kunna sautunan murjani mai lafiya yana jawo kifi zuwa wuraren da suka lalace, yana ninka yawan kifin gaba ɗaya a cikin makonni shida kacal. Ba wai kawai kifi ya ƙara yawa ba, amma nau'ikan sun ƙaru da kashi 50%, wani muhimmin abu don dorewar murjani na dogon lokaci.
Murjani sun rufe kashi 1% na gindin teku amma suna tallafawa kashi 25% na duk rayuwar ruwa. Su ne ginshiƙin samar da abincinmu kuma suna aiki a matsayin shinge na halitta, suna kare kadarorin bakin teku daga mafi munin guguwa. Tun daga 1950, duniya ta rasa kusan rabin murjaninta saboda yawan kamun kifi, gurɓatawa, da rikicin yanayi.
Tushen rikicin shine gurɓatar da ke dumama duniyarmu. Yayin da muke ƙona burbushin mai, muna sakin carbon dioxide wanda ke aiki kamar bargo mai ɗaukar zafi a kewayen duniya. Teku ya tilasta ya sha kusan kashi 90% na wannan zafi mai yawa.
Wannan yana haifar da "zafin ruwan teku" - lokuta masu tsawo na yanayin zafi na teku wanda ba a saba gani ba wanda yake daidai da wutar daji a cikin teku. Wani rikodin zafin ruwan teku a 2023 ya mayar da ruwan Caribbean ya zama "bahon zafi," yana sa murjani su fitar da algae masu launi da ke zaune a cikin jikinsu. Wannan tsari, wanda aka sani da bleaching, yana barin murjani fari, yana jin yunwa, kuma yana da rauni ga cututtuka.
Lee-Ann Rando, mai koyar da nutsewa na ƙarni na biyu, ta ga wannan raguwa da idonta. "Yana ƙara yin shiru," in ji ta. "Yana da baƙin ciki sosai in ce na ga lalacewa da yawa a cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata."
Rando ta ɗauki hoton kanta tana iyo a cikin murjani farare da suka lalace a 2023. "Kawai kana jin rashin bege," in ji ta. "Kana jin kamar, 'Shin zan sake ganin wannan?'"
'Daidaita murjani'
Aikin sauti an tsara shi don tallafawa aikin gida na Alligator Head Foundation. Dexter Dean Colquhoun, shugaban bincike na gidauniyar, ya ce ra'ayin ya yi tasiri a kansa nan take. "Ni mawaƙi ne. Ina buga piano, don haka na san muhimmancin da ƙarfin sauti."
Ya ce tsarin sauti wani muhimmin ƙari ne ga kayan aikin kiyayewa na ƙungiyarsa. "Ya dace da abin da muke ƙoƙarin yi, wato maido da murjani ta amfani da hanyoyi da yawa gwargwadon yiwuwa."
Yayin da lasifikan ke kunna "waƙoƙin" murjani mai lafiya, mai bincike Bethany Dean tana aiki a dakin gwaje-gwaje. Tana noma guntun murjani kuma tana gwada kiwo da taimako, tana aiki kamar "mai daidaita murjani" don taimaka wa halittun su haihu a cikin duniyar da ke dumama inda haihuwa ta halitta ke fama.
"Muna duban yadda za mu kawo waɗannan ƙwai da maniyyi tare don haihuwa mai nasara ta iya faruwa," in ji Dean.
Daga ƙarshe, waɗannan guntun murjani da aka noma a dakin gwaje-gwaje ana haɗa su zuwa sassaken Barotti na karkashin ruwa. Sakamakon shine haɗin kimiyya da fasaha wanda zai iya taimakawa maye gurbin shiru da sautunan yanayin halitta mai bunƙasa.
"Dole ne ka kasance da bege, ko?" in ji Rando. "Ina ganin akwai bege. Akwai ƙananan alamu."
Climate Central ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta masana kimiyya da masu sadarwa waɗanda ke bincike da bayar da rahoton gaskiya game da canjin yanayi da yadda yake shafar rayuwar mutane.
Tambayoyi da Aka Yi Yawa
Ga jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawa game da amfani da lasifikan karkashin ruwa don taimakawa farfado da murjani da aka rubuta cikin yanayin tattaunawa na halitta
Tambayoyi na Matakin Farko
1 Dakata shin masu nutsewa suna kunna waƙa ga murjani da gaske
Ee amma ba waƙa ce kamar waƙar pop ba Masu nutsewa suna kunna sautunan halitta na murjani mai lafiya kamar tsatsar shrimps da kiran kifaye don jawo hankalin jariran murjani da kifi zuwa wuraren da suka mutu ko suna mutuwa
2 Ta yaya kunna sauti ke taimaka wa murjani mai mutuwa
Murjani masu lafiya suna da hayaniya Idan murjani ya lalace sai ya yi shiru Ta hanyar kunna waɗannan sautunan halitta a karkashin ruwa muna yaudarar jariran murjani da kifi su yi tunanin yankin yana da lafiya kuma yana da rai don haka su zauna su fara sake gina murjani
3 Menene ainihin sautunan teku da suke kunna
Yawancinsu tsatsar shrimp masu harbi ne, gunagunin kifaye, da kuma tsatsa da bugu na yanayin halitta mai cike da aiki Waɗannan sautunan suna tafiya mai nisa a karkashin ruwa
4 Shin wannan yana aiki a kan kowane nau'in murjani
Bincike ya nuna yana aiki mafi kyau a kan murjani masu ƙyanƙyashe waɗanda ke sakin larvae da ke zauna da sauri Yana da ƙarancin tasiri ga murjani masu haifuwa waɗanda ke sakin ƙwai da maniyyi a cikin igiyar ruwa Masana kimiyya har yanzu suna gwada waɗanne nau'ikan ne suka fi amsa
5 Shin wannan maye gurbin ne don tsaftace gurɓatawa ko dakatar da canjin yanayi
A'a ba haka ba Wannan magani ne na wucin gadi ko kayan aiki don taimakawa farfadowa Ba zai gyara dumamar teku ko gurɓatawa ba amma zai iya taimaka wa murjani ya dawo da sauri yayin da muke aiki kan manyan matsalolin
Tambayoyi na Matakin Ci Gaba
6 Ta yaya masu nutsewa ke kafa lasifikan ba tare da tsoratar da namun daji na yanzu ba
Yawancin lokaci suna kafa ƙananan lasifika masu ƙarancin sauti a gindin teku Suna fara da ƙaramin sauti kuma a hankali suna ƙara shi don kwaikwayi matakan halitta Yawancin kifi suna da sha'awa ba tsoro ba saboda sautunan suna kwaikwayi yanayin halittarsu
7 Wane irin lasifika ne zai iya tsira daga ruwan gishiri da matsi
Suna amfani da lasifika na musamman na karkashin ruwa waɗanda aka rufe a cikin akwatunan da ba su da lalacewa Ana samun ƙarfinsu daga jiragen ruwa na saman ko kuma batir da aka saukar zuwa murjani
8 Shin kunna sauti na iya jawo nau'ikan da ba na asali ba ko mafarauta
Ee wannan haɗari ne Masana kimiyya suna zaɓar sautuna a hankali daga
