Shin kuna cinye litattafan soyayya masu zafi na Sarah J. Maas ko Rebecca Yarros? Ko kuma kuna cika tattaunawar rukuninku da taƙaitaccen bayani game da sabbin sassa na jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar Heated Rivalry ko Bridgerton? Ko watakila kuna shagaltar da kanku a cikin duniyoyin fina-finai masu kara kuzari na Emerald Fennell? Idan haka ne, tabbas kun lura cewa a cikin al'adun gargajiya, kallon mace - labarin da ke zurfafa cikin rikitarwa, daɗaɗɗen rayuka na ciki da sha'awar mata - yana samun babban lokaci.
A talabijin, yana ko'ina: a cikin wadatattun rayuka na ciki da sha'awar da aka bincika a cikin Big Little Lies, Sirens, ko Reese Witherspoon da Kerry Washington's Little Fires Everywhere. Litattafan soyayya na romantasy sun rungume shi ta hanyar jarumai masu ƙarfi da soyayya mai ban mamaki a cikin duniyoyin almara. A halin yanzu, Fennell's Wuthering Heights da Promising Young Woman ana tallata su tare da alƙawarin canza abubuwan da mata suka fuskanta zuwa fim mai ban sha'awa, mai duhu.
Shin wannan canjin al'ada ne, ɗan lokaci ne, ko kuma babban kasuwanci? Hakan ya dogara da yadda kuke kallo sosai. Amma hoton ra'ayoyin mata na ciki - kuma, mahimmanci, sha'awar mata - ya ƙaura daga jin daɗi mai laifi zuwa zuciyar zamani. A yau, ra'ayin mayar da hankali kan yanayin abubuwan da mata suka fuskanta, harkokin su, da motsin rai ya fi bayyana fiye da kowane lokaci a cikin al'adunmu.
Wannan girma na al'adun gargajiya yana ƙalubalantar yanayin al'umma don kallon rayuwar mata ta hanyar masu ba da labari na maza - ko kuma "kallon namiji." Wanda masanin fim Laura Mulvey ya ƙirƙira a cikin 1973, wannan ka'idar ta bayyana yadda mata a cikin fim, fasaha, da adabi an daɗe ana rage su zuwa abubuwan sha'awa daga mahangar namiji. Juyar da wannan kallon namiji - ƙin kallon voyeurism don nuna jikin mata kamar yadda ake rayuwa da gaske - ba sabon abu bane, aƙalla a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Misalan da ke bayyana sun haɗa da fim ɗin Jane Campion na 1993 The Piano, wanda ya sami nasarar ketare na al'ada tare da Oscars da Palme d'Or; Labarin zuwan shekaru na Andrea Arnold na 2009 Fish Tank, wanda ya lashe Prix du Jury a Cannes; da kuma soyayyar Céline Sciamma mai ɗorewa na 2019 Portrait of a Lady on Fire.
Duk da haka, a cikin al'ada, kallon mace ya ɗauki shekaru da yawa don samun gagarumin tasiri. A yau, a ƙarshe yana tabbatar da kasancewa mai nasara ta kasuwanci. Yi la'akari da nasarar akwatin akwatin Fennell na Wuthering Heights, wanda ya riƙe daɗaɗɗen labarin Emily Brontë na jarumar neman soyayyar namiji amma yana tace shi ta hanyar mahangar mace ta hankali da sha'awa. A halin yanzu, romantasy ya ƙarfafa masu wallafa tare da tallace-tallace na dala miliyan 610 a shekara a cikin 2024, yayin da yake samar da biliyoyin ra'ayoyi akan TikTok's BookTok, inda soyayya, gina duniya, da "kayan yaji" ke jan hankalin masu karatu masu saka hannun jari.
To, ta yaya kuke nuna ainihin abin da mata ke ji da sha'awar a yau? Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun misalan kwanan nan shine jerin shirye-shiryen da aka zaɓa sau tara na Emmy na bara Dying for Sex. Ya mayar da hankali kan Molly Kochan (Michelle Williams), wanda, yayin da yake mutuwa daga ciwon nono metastatic, ya fara farkon jima'i na ƙarshen rayuwa - yana bincika ɗaurin aure, rinjaye, wasan kwaikwayo, da ƙari tare da masoyinta. Iris Brey, marubucin The Female Gaze: A Revolution on Screen, ya yaba wa wasan kwaikwayon a matsayin "mai mahimmanci sosai," yana bayyana, "Yana magance batutuwa masu matukar hani - mata suna rashin lafiya kuma har yanzu suna son jin daɗi. Yana sa mu ji an gani."
An ba da umarnin wasan kwaikwayon kuma babban furodusa ne na Shannon Murphy, wanda kuma ya yi aiki a kan wasu wasan kwaikwayo na mata kamar Killing Eve, The Power, da ... Dope Girls. "Ina jan hankali ga ayyukan da ba su da tsari. Ina son wani abu mafi yawan karkace da kuma cikakke, wanda ina ganin ya dace da hanyar tunanin mata," in ji Murphy, yana bambanta wannan da hotunan gargajiya na cikin mata, gami da jima'i da sha'awa. Ta kuma lura da wani fage mai ma'ana, kuma ta wasu hanyoyi marasa hukunci, a cikin labarin mata idan aka kwatanta da mafi "bayyane" na maza. "Ina tsammanin idan muka fara ba da labarai da yawa kamar haka, zai, a al'ada, taimaka mana mu kar ga abubuwa a cikin irin wannan baƙar fata da fari," in ji Murphy. Ta tuna karanta rubutun Dying for Sex: "Ya kasance mai laushi sosai kuma yana fuskantarwa sosai. Na ji daɗin cewa yana wasa a wannan wuri na tashin hankali mai girma tsakanin motsin rai da ban dariya."
Wannan bayyanannen tunanin yadda mata ke sarrafa duniyoyinsu ya ɗauki "ma'auni mai laushi," in ji Murphy. Misali, a cikin kashi na shida, halin Williams, bayan ya bayyana shirinsa na jin daɗi ta Kirsimeti yayin da yake cikin sashin ciwon daji, ya bayyana cin zarafinsa na jima'i ga babbar kawarta a ƙasan bandaki kafin ya yi tsatsa ba da gangan ba, wanda ya sa su biyun suyi dariya tare da kuka. Abokantakarsu ita ce tsakiya; lokacin yana aiki saboda yana jin da gaske. "Dukkanmu mun ci karo da rauni, kuma yana da wuya a ba da labari ba tare da nisan motsin rai ba saboda za ku watse," in ji Murphy.
Tarbiyyar al'adun Murphy da kanta ta kasance a bayan labarun mata na shekarun 90 irin su Ally McBeal. "A kan allo, lokacin da nake tunanin shirye-shiryen da suka kama ni da gaske, wannan babban abu ne," in ji ta. "Ban taba ganin wannan lauya mai ƙarfi tare da wannan tunanin mace mai ban mamaki ba." Aiki a lokaci guda shine Sex and the City's Samantha Jones, wanda amincewarsa na jima'i da farko an soki shi a matsayin abin kunya kafin a ƙarshe a ɗauke shi a matsayin mai ƙarfi - "Ba za a yi mini hukunci da ku ko al'umma ba. Zan sa duk abin da kuma busa duk wanda nake so muddin zan iya numfashi... da durƙusa," ya tafi ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun layin halin.
Magajinsa sun ci gaba: "A karon farko da na ga Lena Dunham's Girls, wani abu a cikina ya watse kawai, kuma na yi farin ciki sosai cewa na ga fahimtata na abin da ƙirƙirar mata zai iya zama," Murphy ya tuna. "Girls ya kasance, a gare ni, karon farko da aka sanya daji, ɓarna, jikin gaske da kwakwalwa da wasan kwaikwayo a kan allo." Tun daga farkon yanayin jima'i na nisa na Dunham zuwa gaba, jikuna da jima'i a cikin jerin sun kasance marasa kyau, marasa salo, kuma ba su da hakuri.
Kamar Girls, Michaela Coel's I May Destroy You ya kwatanta irin ikon mata da ake marmari a talabijin wanda ya kunna tattaunawar rukuni, tare da Phoebe Waller-Bridge's Fleabag da Killing Eve. A halin yanzu, nasarar labarun da suka fi mayar da hankali ga mata a cikin Shonda Rhimes's Grey's Anatomy sannan, da sha'awa, jerinta na baya Bridgerton - daga cikin shirye-shiryen da aka fi kallo a Netflix koyaushe - sun yi hujjar ƙarin saka hannun jari na kasuwanci a mahangar mata. Wata sandar sha'awa da Heated Rivalry ta ɗauka, wasan kwaikwayo na hockey na kankara na shekarar, wanda ya tsara kusancin juna a hanyar da ta sami babban magoya bayan mata. Mata masu kai tsaye sun sami kansu suna jin daɗin jima'i da jikin tsirara kamar Adonis yayin da suke bikin zurfin tunaninsa da manyan jaruman sa suna jin daɗin soyayya da jima'i daidai.
Waɗannan nasarorin na al'ada suna ba da ma'anar cewa "mata na iya kawo kuɗi ga masana'antar; suna gaya wa ɗakunan studio zamu iya samun babban kasafin kuɗi da buri," in ji Brey. "Ina son ganin kuɗin da ke zuwa ga haruffan mata inda maza ba sa kallon su. Mafi yawan juyin juya hali sune waɗannan ayyukan da ba sa buƙatar yin tambayar ko yana son ni ko a'a. Don nuna mata waɗanda ke magana da juna game da wani abu banda maza." Lalle ne, Murphy yayi jayayya cewa wata dangantaka - abokantakar mata - na iya zama mafi mahimmanci a wannan zamanin hawan kallon mata. "Muna da fina-finai da yawa tare da kusan dukkan 'yan wasa maza, abokantakar maza, da labarun maza, amma har yanzu ba mu da yawa waɗanda ke nuna wannan haɗin gwiwar mata da gaske. Sakamakon haka, na dogon lokaci, mutane ba su fahimci ƙarfinsa ko kuma yadda zai iya zama soyayya mai zurfi."
Brey yana bin yaduwar kallon mata a cikin al'adun gargajiya tare da wasu ƙungiyoyin al'umma: "Abin da ya faru yana kama da feminism - muna tafiya cikin raƙuman ruwa. Ina tsammanin bayan #MeToo, mutane da yawa a cikin mukamai sun yi tunani, 'Bari mu sake gwada wannan.' Masana'antar ta tafi inda suke tunanin za su iya samun kuɗi."
Duk da haka, waɗannan raƙuman ruwa suna sa saka hannun jari ya zama mai rauni kuma bai dace ba, kuma Brey ya yi gargadin "lokacin ja da baya" a kan sararin sama. Ta nuna ga wannan shekarar The Chronology of Water, wani tashin hankali, Kristen Stewart-directed gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai zuwa shekaru labarin bisa ga memoir na Lidia Yuknavitch na 2011 mai suna iri ɗaya. Fim ɗin ya magance fyade, incest, da dawo da sha'awa, duka biyun suna fuskantarwa da kuma ƙarfafa manufarsa na mayar da labarun ikirari na mata zuwa canon. Don haka, Stewart ya bayyana "sayar da wuya" don samun kuɗin shi; ya shafe shekaru takwas a cikin ci gaba kafin a harbe shi a wajen Amurka, a Latvia da Malta.
Idan ana maganikin rarrabawa, fina-finai da suka ɗauki mafi rikitarwa al'amuran kallon mata suna kan farashi. "Akwai fina-finai, amma ba sa yawo," in ji Brey. "Ba mu ga cikakken kewayon abin da zai iya nufin fuskantar menopause ko a'a, uwa ko a'a. Ina so in san abin da wata halayyar 'yan madigo ke fuskanta, ko Baƙar fata." Wakilcin jin daɗi na iya kasancewa "iyaka": "Ra'ayina shine sha'awar na iya yin abubuwa da yawa."
Abubuwa ba su ƙare da kyau ga mata a cikin fantasy - za ku mutu ko ku zama sarauniya mahaukaci.
Ƙarancin juyin juya hali a kimantawar Brey, amma mai nasara sosai, shine romantasy. Sha'awar mace ta ɗan motsa nau'in ban mamaki na nau'in, yana ba masu karatu duniyoyi masu ban mamaki, jaruman mata, da jima'i a fili, yayin da yake ba masu wallafa riba mai jan hankali. (Bloomsbury ya ƙara fam miliyan 70 ga ƙimar kasuwarsa lokacin da ya sanar da sabbin littattafai guda biyu don jerin Sarah J. Maas na A Court of Thorns and Roses na watan da ya gabata.) Jerin littattafan Rachel Reid na Game Changers, wanda aka daidaita shi don talabijin a matsayin Heated Rivalry, ya kai tallace-tallace 650,000 ga HarperCollins bayan wasan kwaikwayon ya fara watsawa, tare da kashi na bakwai da zai biyo baya a watan Yuni mai zuwa - kuma an ba da umarni nan take na kakar wasa ta biyu don talabijin. Ya bi sawun Outlander, wani babban labari na soyayya wanda ya zama nasarar talabijin, yanzu yana watsa jerinsa na ƙarshe akan Prime Video.
Jennifer L. Armentrout, marubucin jerin romantasy na duniya mafi kyawun siyarwa From Blood and Ash, ta bayyana yadda nau'in ya canza hanyar da ake karɓar duniyoyin mata. "Ni kadai ba ne wanda yayi tunanin cewa idan kai mace
