Turai na da matuƙar sha'awar samun Turai mai ƙarfi, haɗe-haɗe, kuma mai zaman kanta, amma suna shakkar cewa hakan na iya faruwa da gaske, a cewar wani bincike. Wannan yana nuna rashin kwarin gwiwa da ya yaɗu a duk faɗin nahiyar, wanda ke haifar da dama ga labaran dama masu tsattsauran ra'ayi game da koma baya.
Rahoton ya dogara ne akan tambayoyi 5,800 da aka yi a Faransa, Jamus, Italiya, Netherlands, Poland, da kuma Burtaniya, da kuma nazarin yadda ake tattauna Turai a siyasa da kafofin watsa labarai na ƙasashe 15. Yana zana hoto na jama'a masu buri amma waɗanda suka yanke kauna.
Binciken ya gano cewa kashi 68% na waɗanda aka tambaya sun yi magana game da Turai ta fuskar "tabarbarewar gaba ɗaya ko asarar al'ada," yayin da kashi 12% kawai suka ce suna ganin wannan lokaci a matsayin lokacin "farkawa da sabunta Turai."
Mutane da yawa sun gane manyan ƙalubalen da ke fuskantar Turai, ciki har da yaƙi (43%), matsin tattalin arziki (33%), da buƙatar samun ƙarin 'yancin kai na duniya (29%). Amma kashi 74% sun ce Turai ba ta magance waɗannan ƙalubale da kyau ba, kuma kashi 56% sun yi imanin cewa makomarta na "cikin haɗari."
Matsalar ba rashin buri ba ce: kashi 73% na waɗanda aka tambaya suna da ƙaƙƙarfan hangen nesa na Turai na haɗin kai da haɗin siyasa (35%), zaman lafiya da tsaro (28%), ko wadata (19%), yayin da kashi 13% kawai ke fatan "ƙarancin Turai" ko rushewar EU.
A cewar marubucin binciken, Paweł Zerka, babban jami'i a Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Waje ta Turai (ECFR), ga mutane da yawa matsalar ita ce "ba wai sun daina son Turai mai ƙarfi ba, amma sun daina yarda cewa za a iya cimma ta."
Zerka ya ƙara da cewa sakamakon shi ne "gibin hasashe. Mutane na iya tunanin irin Turai da suke so, amma suna wahalar tunanin hanyar da za ta kai su daga inda take a yau zuwa inda suke so ta kasance. Waɗannan abubuwa ne na manufofi, ba kawai sadarwa ba."
Mako guda kafin shugabar Hukumar Tarayyar Turai, Ursula von der Leyen, ta gabatar da jawabinta na shekara-shekara na "halin tarayyar" a Brussels, Zerka ya ce shaidun sun nuna cewa ƙungiyar na buƙatar "ƙananan alkawura masu girma" da ƙarin "hujjar tafarki."
Binciken ya kawo misali da tattaunawa da dama da aka yi da Turawa. "Ina jin daɗin zama a Turai a kai a kai. Ba ta cika ba kuma wasu abubuwa suna tafiya ta hanyar da ba daidai ba, amma babu wani yanki a duniya da ya fi aminci, 'yanci, da dimokuradiyya," in ji wani Bajamushe.
Duk da haka, yayin da ya bayyana matsalar yanayi da jam'iyyun dama masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a matsayin manyan ƙalubalen nahiyar, ya ce ba a magance su yadda ya kamata ba. "Zaɓe sun fi mayar da hankali kan abin da ke faruwa a yanzu, ba ma isasshen mayar da hankali kan gaba ba," in ji shi.
Wanda aka tambaya ya ce yana son Turai a cikin shekaru 20 masu zuwa ta kasance "'yantacciya, dimokuradiyya, mai dorewa, ƙarancin bashi, siyasa ta hagu [da] zaman lafiya." Da aka tambaye shi ko yana tunanin hakan zai faru, ya ce: "A'a."
Binciken ya rarraba masu jefa ƙuri'a na Turai zuwa rukuni huɗu. Masu Kyau (19%) su ne masu goyon bayan Turai masu tsayin daka waɗanda ke kallon rikice-rikice na yanzu a matsayin abin da zai haifar da ƙungiya mai ƙarfi da haɗin kai. Masu Rashin Kyau (39%) sun yi imanin cewa mafi kyawun kwanakin Turai sun wuce.
Kusan rabin mutane a Faransa, Jamus, da Italiya – da kusan duk waɗanda suka zaɓi jam'iyyun dama masu tsattsauran ra'ayi kamar AfD ta Jamus, RN ta Faransa, PVV ta Holland, da Reform UK – sun kasance Masu Rashin Kyau, inda kashi 83% ke magana game da Turai ta fuskar asara da koma baya.
Masu Rarrabe (12%) galibi masu jefa ƙuri'a ne waɗanda ba su damu ba, waɗanda haɗin EU ke zama ƙarar baya mai nisa, kuma Masu Shakka (31%) suna da ƙimar Turai mai haɗin kai amma suna shakkar ikon nahiyar na yin aiki da ƙarfi, kiyaye amincin ƴan ƙasa, ko kiyaye ƙimar ta.
Kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku (32%) na waɗanda aka tambaya a duk ƙasashen da aka bincika sun ambaci "jinkirin Turai" a cikin amsoshinsu. Kamar yadda wani matashi ɗan Poland, wanda aka haifa a shekarun 2000, ya faɗa a sarari: "EU tana tattaunawa sosai, amma ba ta yin komai."
Rashin nasarar ƙungiyar...Rashin iya tsayawa tsayin daka lokacin fuskantar abokan hamayya masu ƙarfi shi ma batu ne da ke maimaita, wanda kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku (30%) na duk waɗanda aka tambaya suka ambata. Rage harajin shigo da kaya na EU ga Donald Trump kwanan nan an ɗauke shi a matsayin misali na wulakanci musamman.
Zerka ya lura cewa rukunin Masu Shakka yana da mahimmanci ga makomar Turai. "Shugabanni kan yi wa'azi ga Masu Kyau ko kuma su sunkuyar da kansu ga Masu Rashin Kyau," in ji shi, amma "a cikin 'masu shakka' ne imani ga makomar Turai ke nan a kan gaba."
Ba kamar masu adawa da EU masu taurin kai ba, Masu Shakka har yanzu suna jin alaƙar motsin rai mai ƙarfi da aikin Turai, in ji rahoton. Duk da haka, rashin motsi na cibiyoyi, jinkirin aikin hukuma, da rashin ƙarfin siyasa na duniya suna hana su.
Don dawo da waɗannan masu shakka, Zerka ya ce, 'yan siyasa za su buƙaci nuna cewa aikin haɗin gwiwa na Turai na iya magance matsalolin cikin gida na gaske, daga tsaron makamashi da tsaro zuwa sauyin yanayi da rikicin tsadar rayuwa.
