Wani bincike ya nuna cewa mutane a Yammacin Turai suna ganin laifuffuka na karuwa a kasashensu, duk da cewa yawan laifuffuka yana raguwa a yankin tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1990. Binciken YouGov, wanda aka gudanar a Birtaniya, Denmark, Faransa, Jamus, Italiya, da Spain, ya gano cewa yawancin mutane sun aminta da 'yan sandan kasarsu. Denmark ce ta fi kowa amincewa, inda kashi 74% na masu amsa suka ce suna da kwarin gwiwa ko kuma matsakaicin amincewa da 'yan sanda. A Spain, Faransa, Jamus, da Italiya, tsakanin kashi 57% zuwa 64% na masu amsa sun ji haka. Duk da haka, Birtaniya ta yi fice: kashi 43% kawai suka ce suna da kwarin gwiwa ko matsakaicin amincewa da 'yan sanda, yayin da kashi 53% ke da karancin amincewa.
Duk da wannan amincewa da 'yan sanda, yawancin mutane a mafi yawan kasashe sun ce suna ganin laifuffuka na karuwa a gidajensu. Wannan ya bambanta daga kashi 53% a Denmark zuwa kashi 66% a Burtaniya, kashi 78% a Faransa, da kashi 80% a Italiya. Lokacin da aka tambaye su ko laifukan tashin hankali ma suna karuwa, amsoshin sun kasance iri daya: kashi 52% a Denmark da kashi 59% a Burtaniya sun yi tunanin cewa laifukan tashin hankali sun karu da yawa ko kadan, inda suka haura zuwa kashi 76% a Italiya da kashi 77% a Faransa.
A gaskiya, ko da yake wasu laifukan tashin hankali sun karu kwanan nan—wanda galibi yana da alaka da fataucin muggan kwayoyi a kasashe kamar Faransa da Jamus—kuma zamba ta yanar gizo ta karu a kusan ko'ina, yawan laifuffuka gaba daya yana raguwa tun daga 2000. A cewar Eurostat, Yammacin Turai ya fi aminci a yau fiye da karshen shekarun 1980 da 1990. Yawan kisan kai, wanda ake daukarsa a matsayin mafi ingantaccen ma'auni saboda kusan kowane kisa ana bayar da rahoto, ya ragu sosai tun daga 2000. A kasashe kamar Faransa, Jamus, Italiya, da Spain, kisan kai ya ragu da kashi 30% zuwa sama da kashi 50% tun daga karshen shekarun 1990. Adadin kisan kai na shekara-shekara a Italiya ya ragu daga 1,917 a 1991 zuwa 327 a 2024, wanda ya ba ta daya daga cikin mafi karancin adadi a EU. Adadin kisan kai na Faransa ya kai kusan 2.3 a cikin mutane 100,000 a 1995. Ko bayan karuwar kadan a kwanan nan wanda ya tura adadin wadanda aka kashe sama da 1,000 a karon farko cikin shekaru ashirin, adadin kowane mutum ya kasance kusan 1.4 a cikin 100,000.
Masana sun ce Faransa ta nuna dalilin da yasa raguwar laifuffuka ba ta shafar jama'a: karuwar tashin hankalin da ke da alaka da kungiyoyin fataucin muggan kwayoyi da kuma karuwar bayar da rahoton cin zarafin jima'i da na gida sun zama kanun labarai, wanda ya mamaye raguwar dogon lokaci. Binciken YouGov ya gano cewa mutane da yawa a Faransa (kashi 44%) fiye da sauran wurare sun yi imanin cewa laifuffuka a kasarsu sun fi muni fiye da sauran wurare, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 27% kawai na Jamusawa da kashi 11% na Danes. Sabanin haka, kashi 37% na Danes sun ji cewa laifuffuka sun yi kasa a Denmark fiye da sauran kasashe.
Lokacin da aka tambaye su game da takamaiman nau'ikan laifuffuka, kashi 60% na masu amsa a Burtaniya sun yi tunanin cewa Burtaniya tana da matsala ta musamman game da laifukan wuka, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 40% na Jamusawa da kashi 24-30% a sauran kasashen da aka bincika. A Faransa, kashi 42% na masu amsa sun ji cewa tarzoma da rashin zaman lafiya sun fi wahala fiye da sauran wurare. Mafi yawan mutane a Faransa (kashi 61%) kuma sun yi tunanin cewa fataucin muggan kwayoyi da rarraba su sun fi muni fiye da sauran kasashe, tare da tarzoma da rashin zaman lafiya (kashi 42%, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 7-21% a wasu wurare). Masu amsa a Spain (kashi 56%) da Italiya (kashi 46%) sun fi iya cewa cin hanci da rashawa babbar matsala ce a kasashensu fiye da sauran wurare, yayin da kashi 7% kawai na Danes suka ji haka. A Denmark, laifukan kudi da tattalin arziki ana ganin su ne mafi yawan matsala.
Italiyawa sun fi kowa (kashi 41%) tunanin cewa kasarsu—wadda ke da kungiyoyi kamar Neapolitan Camorra da Calabrian 'Ndrangheta—tana da matsala ta musamman game da laifukan kungiyoyi, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 16-32% a sauran kasashe. Jamusawa, a gefe guda, sun ji cewa fataucin muggan kwayoyi da al'amuran kungiyoyi sun fi yawa. Tashin hankali (kashi 23-25%) ba shi da matsala a gare su fiye da sauran wurare.
Tambayoyin da Aka Yi Yawa
Ga jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawa game da rashin daidaituwa tsakanin raguwar laifuffuka da fahimtar jama'a a Yammacin Turai
Tambayoyi na Matakin Farko
Q Ina ci gaba da jin cewa laifuffuka na kara muni a Turai. Shin gaskiya ne?
A A'a, ba bisa ga kididdigar hukuma ba. A mafi yawan kasashen Yammacin Turai, yawan laifuffuka gaba daya yana raguwa a hankali tsawon shekaru. Duk da haka, mutane da yawa suna jin kamar laifuffuka na karuwa.
Q Me yasa mutane ke tunanin laifuffuka na karuwa idan lambobin suna nuna suna raguwa?
A Akwai wasu dalilai. Labarai da kafofin sada zumunta suna mayar da hankali kan laifuffuka masu ban mamaki da ba safai ba, suna sa su zama kamar na kowa. Haka kuma, mutane sukan tuna da abubuwan da ba su da kyau fiye da na kyau.
Q Wannan matsala ce kawai a kasa daya ko kuma duk Yammacin Turai?
A Binciken da aka ambata a tambayar ku ya shafi Yammacin Turai musamman. Duk da cewa lambobi sun bambanta ta kasa, yanayin gaba daya—mutane suna ganin laifuffuka na karuwa yayin da kididdigar hukuma ke raguwa—ya zama ruwan dare a kasashe da yawa a yankin.
Wane irin laifi ne a zahiri yake raguwa?
A Yawancin nau'ikan laifukan dukiya kamar sata da satar mota sun ragu sosai. Laifukan tashin hankali kamar kisa da hari gaba daya sun ragu ko kuma sun tsaya tsayin daka a mafi yawan kasashe.
Tambayoyi na Matsakaici da Na Gaba
Q Idan laifuffuka sun ragu, me yasa kafafen yada labarai ke sa su zama kamar suna karuwa?
A Wannan shi ne ake kira cutar duniyar mugunta. Kafafen yada labarai sun san cewa labaran laifuffuka masu ban mamaki suna jan hankalin masu kallo da dannawa fiye da labaran raguwar laifuffuka. Sau da yawa suna ba da rahoton abubuwan da suka faru na musamman wadanda ke gurbata fahimtarmu game da hadarin gaba daya.
Wane irin rawar da kafofin sada zumunta ke takawa a wannan fahimtar karya?
A Algorithms na kafofin sada zumunta suna kara yawan abubuwan da ke motsa zuciya da damuwa. Wani sakon agogon unguwa game da fasa mota guda daya ana iya rabawa sosai, yana sa ya zama kamar matsala ce mai yaduwa. Algorithms kuma suna haifar da wuraren maimaitawa inda kuke ganin abubuwan da kuka riga kuka damu da su.
Q Akwai takamaiman nau'ikan laifuffuka da ke karuwa wadanda zasu iya bayyana tsoron?
A E, akwai wasu nau'ikan laifuffuka da ke karuwa. Laifukan kan layi, musamman zamba da zamba ta yanar gizo, sun karu sosai a ko'ina. Haka kuma, wasu nau'ikan tashin hankali, kamar wadanda ke da alaka da fataucin muggan kwayoyi a wasu kasashe, sun karu. Wadannan karuwa na iya haifar da fahimtar cewa laifuffuka gaba daya suna karuwa, duk da cewa yawancin laifuffuka suna raguwa.
