Wata motar abinci a Netherlands tana ba da wata dama ta musamman: musanya guntun sigari don samun pancakes na Dutch mai man shanu. Manufar ita ce ta sa mutane su yi tunani sau biyu game da zubar da shara.
Guntun sigari sune mafi yawan nau'in sharar filastik a duniya, inda ake samar da fiye da tiriliyan 4.5 kowace shekara. A Netherlands kadai, adadin ya kai daruruwan miliyoyi.
Don taimakawa wajen magance wannan matsala, wani kamfani yana karɓar guntun sigari a matsayin biyan kuɗi don faranti na poffertjes—kananan pancakes na Dutch da aka saba yi da man shanu da sukari da yawa.
A bikin 'Yanci na Het Vrije Westen a Westerpark na Amsterdam a wannan watan, motar rawaya ta WasteBar ta cika da taken jan hankali kamar "kada a zubar da shara!" Wata alama a kusa ta karanta: "Betaal hier met zwerfafval" (biya nan da shara).
A WasteBar, guntun sigari suna da daraja kamar kuɗi. Kuna iya samun poffertjes don guntu 20, abubuwan sha don 10, da 'ya'yan itace ko alewa don 15. Suna kuma karɓar filastik: guda 15 don faranti na poffertjes.
Guntun sigari sun ƙunshi filastik, karafa masu nauyi, da sauran abubuwa masu guba, kuma suna da wuya a cire su daga muhalli. An bayar da rahoton cewa kananan hukumomin Netherlands suna kashe kusan Yuro miliyan 36 (fam miliyan 31) kowace shekara don tsaftace su.
Matsalar ta zama mai yaduwa sosai har a ranar Asabar ta farko ta Yuli, dubban mutane ke shiga cikin Ranar Babu Guntun Sigari, taron shekara-shekara da ya fara a Netherlands kuma tun daga lokacin ya girma zuwa kasa da kasa. A halin yanzu, WasteBar tana aiki duk shekara, tana fitowa a bukukuwa, taron yara, da taron kasuwanci don taimakawa rage sharar.
Wannan ra'ayin mai kirkire-kirkire ya fara ne a Goa, Indiya, a matsayin wani ɓangare na yakin neman zabe na 2019 na dan kasuwan Netherlands Noreen van Holstein don magance shara a bakin teku. Bayan ta zauna a Goa na shekaru 17, ta koma Netherlands a 2020 kuma ta ga cewa kasar za ta iya amfana daga irin wannan hanya. Ta hada mashaya da wata gidauniyar da take gudanarwa tare da abokin kasuwanci Lalita van Lamsweerde, kuma ta kaddamar da motar abinci ta WasteBar a 2022.
"Ban tabbata ba ko mutane za su yi shakkar daukar abubuwa daga kasa," in ji Van Holstein. "Amma tun daga farko, martanin ya kasance mai kyau kawai."
WasteBar ta yi hidima fiye da abubuwa 50, inda ta tattara fiye da guntun sigari 500,000. An yi amfani da wasu a wani nunin fasaha a bara. Wasu suna jiran a zubar da su yadda ya kamata. "A yanzu ina da kusan 100,000 a lambuna a cikin ganga," in ji Van Holstein da dariya. A wannan shekara, tana fatan samun abokin tarayya don taimakawa wajen sake yin amfani da su.
Rage irin wannan tushen shara na yau da kullun babban buri ne, amma Van Holstein tana da bege. "Na yi imani cewa za a iya magance zubar da shara," in ji ta, tana nuna Singapore da kasashen Nordic a matsayin misalan wuraren da suka tsaftace biranensu. Ta kuma ga yadda Netherlands ta samu ci gaba da wani nau'in shara: najasar kare. Amma ta yarda cewa mota daya ba za ta iya yin shi ita kadai ba. "Ko da muna a abubuwa 500 a shekara, ba za mu magance matsalar ba," in ji ta.
Ta hanyar WasteBar, tana fatan tada "canjin tunani" game da shara da kuma karfafa yara su rungumi halin kin zubar da shara. "Muna son shigar da mutane cikin yanayin aiki, kuma [muna fatan] cewa ta hanyar daukar shara, ba za su kara zubar da shara ba, domin mun yi imani cewa da zarar an gani, ba za a iya ganin shi ba," in ji Van Holstein.
A cewar Reint Jan Renes, masanin halayyar dan adam a Jami'ar Kimiyya ta Aiwatarwa ta Amsterdam wanda ba shi da hannu a wannan shirin, WasteBar tana amfani da hanyoyi da yawa da aka sani suna da tasiri wajen rage shara da inganta halayen kare muhalli. Karfinsa, in ji shi, ya ta'allaka ne a cikin yanayin zamantakewa da ka'idojin da ke aiki.
"Yana mayar da wani abu marar ganuwa kamar zubar da shara zuwa wani aiki na zamantakewa da ake iya gani," in ji shi. "Mutane suna ganin wasu suna shiga, suna magana game da shara, kuma ya zama kokari na hadin gwiwa." Tattara guntun sigari tare da ba da gudummawa ga wani abu na gaske.
"Idan mutane da yawa suka fara ganin tsaftace shara a matsayin tushen alfaharin al'umma, kirkire-kirkire, ko shiga cikin al'umma—maimakon hukunci ko aiki—irin wannan shiri zai iya taimakawa wajen tada canjin al'ada mai fadi."
Van Holstein kuma tana kallon WasteBar a matsayin hanya mai kirkire-kirkire don inganta omdenken, kalmar Dutch da ke nufin "sake tunani."
"Mutane sun saba biyan kuɗi da kuɗi. Amma idan dole ne su biya da wani abu dabam, yana tayar da wani abu a cikin kwakwalwarsu," in ji ta. "Ta hanyar ba da daraja ga wani abu mara amfani, kamar shara, yana sa mutane su ga abubuwa daban."
A bikin a Westerpark, yaran da ke duba guntun sigari suna yin hakan daidai. A karshen ranar, sun tattara guntun sigari 6,000—daidai da daruruwan hidimomin pancakes.
Tambayoyi da Aka Yi Yawa
Ga jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawa game da shirin da ke karfafa mutane su musanya guntun sigari don samun abinci kyauta, yana mai da shara zuwa dama don sake tunanin sharar.
Tambayoyi na Matakin Farko
Q Menene ainihin wannan shirin?
A Yakin neman zabe ne inda mutane ke tattara guntun sigari daga kasa su kawo su wani wuri da aka kebe don samun abinci kyauta ko ciye-ciye. Manufar ita ce rage shara da kuma nuna yadda shara za ta iya zama mai daraja.
Q Me yasa wani zai so guntun sigari?
A Ba a sake amfani da guntun don abinci ba. Ana tattara su don sake yin amfani da su ko zubar da su yadda ya kamata. Abincin kyauta ne don tsaftace muhalli.
Q Guntun nawa nake bukata don samun abinci kyauta?
A Ya bambanta. Wasu shirye-shirye suna neman dan hannu, yayin da wasu na iya bukatar cikakken akwati. Duba takamaiman taron ko dokokin gidan abinci.
Q Shin abincin da gaske kyauta ne?
A E, ana bayar da abincin kyauta a matsayin lada don kokarin tsaftacewa. Ciniki ne: shara don abinci.
Q Shin dole ne in taba guntun sigari da hannuna?
A A'a, zaka iya amfani da safar hannu, kayan kamawa, ko karamin akwati don tattara su. Yana da kyau a guji tuntuɓar kai tsaye don tsafta.
Tambayoyi na Matakin Ci gaba da Aiki
Q Me zai faru da guntun sigari bayan na mika su?
A Yawancin lokaci ana tura su zuwa wurin sake yin amfani da su wanda ke sarrafa su zuwa pellets na filastik, kayayyakin masana'antu, ko kuma a kona su lafiya. Ba a sake jefa su cikin shara ba.
Q Shin wannan shirin doka ne kuma lafiya?
A E, doka ne muddin ka tattara shara daga wuraren jama'a. A bangaren lafiya, saka safar hannu kuma wanke hannayenka bayan ka taba guntun.
Q Idan guntun sun jike ko sun yi fari fa?
A Har yanzu zaka iya tattara su, amma saka safar hannu. Wasu shirye-shirye na iya karbar su yayin da wasu na iya fifita busassun guntun. Duba tukuna.
Q Zan iya shiga idan ban sha sigari ba?
A Tabbas. A gaskiya, yawancin mahalarta ba su sha sigari ba ne kawai suna son taimakawa muhalli da samun abinci kyauta.
