A shekaru 23, yana ɗaya daga cikin mutanen da aka fi ba da kariya a Faransa, kullum yana barci a wurare daban-daban don guje wa barazanar masu kisan gilla daga babbar ƙungiyar miyagun ƙwayoyi ta ƙasar. "Narcos da masu fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi suna da harshe ɗaya kawai, hanya ɗaya: tashin hankali," in ji Amine Kessaci, wani matashin ɗalibin shari'a daga wani rukunin gidaje na Marseille wanda, bayan kisan yayyensa biyu, ya zama mafi ƙarfin magana da ya yi adawa da ƙungiyoyin narco irin na Latin Amurka da ke faɗaɗa tasirinsu a duk faɗin Faransa. "Tashin hankali ne kawai [shugabannin narco] suka fahimta, don haka da zarar sun sami wani da ke fuskantarsu wanda ke magana, wanda ke faɗin gaskiyar, wanda ke shirya haɗin kai da wasu, suna ganinsa a matsayin mai fafatawa da tasirinsu a ƙasa. Suna ƙoƙarin rufe wannan muryar, kuma abin da suke yi ke nan da ni," in ji shi. A ranar Litinin, wata ɗakin shari'a a garin Aix-en-Provence da ke kudancin ƙasar ta zama cibiyar yaƙin Faransa da dillalan miyagun ƙwayoyi irin na mafia, waɗanda gwamnati ta ce yanzu suna da haɗari mafi girma ga ƙasar fiye da ta'addanci. Amine Kessaci, wanda ke ƙarƙashin kariyar 'yan sanda, yana fatan zaman sauraron da zai ɗauki makonni uku zai tona gaskiyar shugabannin cartel masu ƙarfi da ake zargin suna iya ba da umarnin kisa daga kurkuku. Rikicin cartels na Faransa irin na Latin Amurka ya zama babbar fagen yaƙi kafin zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2027 yayin da dama da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ke zargin gwamnati da gazawa wajen hana shugabannin miyagun ƙwayoyi waɗanda ke alfahari da kuɗin shiga na biliyoyin Yuro a shekara kuma waɗanda suka ba da umarnin kashe mutane da dama a shekarun baya-bayan nan. Maza biyar da ake zargin suna da alaƙa da wata babbar ƙungiyar miyagun laifuka da ke Marseille, da aka sani da DZ Mafia, suna fuskantar shari'a bisa kisan babban ɗan'uwan Kessaci, Brahim, kuma zaman sauraron na makonni uku yana fatan tona gaskiyar shugabannin cartel masu ƙarfi da ake zargin suna iya ba da umarnin kisa daga kurkuku. Mutanen biyar ɗin sun musanta tuhumar. Kessaci yana ɗan shekara 17 kuma yana zaune a wani rukunin gidaje na masu ƙaramin kuɗi a birnin tashar jiragen ruwa na Bahar Rum lokacin da Brahim, mai shekara 22, wanda aka ɗauke shi aikin ƙungiyar miyagun ƙwayoyi tun yana matashi, aka harbe shi sannan aka ƙone shi a cikin mota kusa da babbar hanyar Marseille a 2020. Kisa ne mai muni irin wanda ya zama abin da ke faruwa akai-akai a Marseille da wajen ta. Amine Kessaci yana ɗan shekara 17 kuma yana zaune a rukunin gidaje a Marseille lokacin da aka harbe ɗan'uwansa Brahim, mai shekara 22, sannan aka ƙone shi a cikin mota kusa da babbar hanya a 2020. Daga shekarun 1930 zuwa 1970, Marseille ta kasance cibiyar masana'antun sarrafa heroin, tana fitar da miyagun ƙwayoyi masu riba zuwa Amurka. Amma a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, cinikin miyagun ƙwayoyi na cannabis da cocaine ya mayar da hankali kan amfani da Faransa, yana ɗaukar yara na gida a matsayin abin da Kessaci ke kira "sojojin yara" da kuma cike gibin tattalin arziki a birnin da masana'antu suka lalace, inda wasu manyan gine-ginen arewa ke da babban rashin aikin yi ga matasa kuma matasa da yawa suna barin makaranta ba tare da cancanta ba. Kessaci ya rubuta littafi, ya zama mai fafutuka ga jam'iyyar Green kuma ya yi ƙoƙarin yin tasiri kan manufofin gwamnati yana bayanin yadda matasa matalauta ke zama ganima mai sauƙi. Ya bayyana yadda, yana ɗan shekara 10 kuma sanye da rigar bacci, ya zauna a bayan motar mahaifiyarsa yayin da take tuƙi cikin fidda rai a rukunin gidaje da daddare tana ƙoƙarin janye ɗan'uwansa daga ƙungiyoyin miyagun ƙwayoyi, kuma ita kanta an yi mata barazana da bindiga. Amma a lokacin da Kessaci ya kai kololuwar yaƙin neman zaɓensa na jama'a, a watan Nuwamba 2025, wani ɗan'uwa – Mehdi, mai shekara 20, wanda yake so ya shiga 'yan sanda kuma ba shi da alaƙa da miyagun ƙwayoyi – an harbe shi har lahira da rana a Marseille. An yi jerin gwano a tituna da fushi cewa ƙungiyoyin miyagun ƙwayoyi suna amfani da tashin hankali don ƙoƙarin yin barazana ga duk wanda ya yi magana kuma ƙasar ta zama kamar ba ta da iko. Mutanen da ke zaune a rukunin gidaje a Marseille da sauran wurare a Faransa an tilasta musu su zauna tare da dillalai da ke gudanar da shingaye, in ji Kessaci. "Babban ƙalubale shi ne rushe tatsuniyoyin da ke kewaye da cinikin miyagun ƙwayoyi," in ji Kessaci, wanda a wannan shekara aka zaɓe shi a matsayin mataimakin magajin garin Marseille. "Muna gani a duk waɗannan jerin shirye-shiryen TV daban-daban suna mai da shugabannin miyagun ƙwayoyi jarumai … Suna gaya wa yara Pablo Escobar [sanannen shugaban cartel na Colombia] mutum ne nagari, alhali tarihi bai nuna haka ba."
Gaskiyar, in ji Kessaci, ita ce a rukunin gidaje a Marseille da sauran wurare a Faransa, an tilasta wa mutane su zauna tare da dillalai da ke gudanar da shingaye, ana ɗaukar yara maza aiki maimakon zuwa makaranta, kuma ƙungiyoyin miyagun ƙwayoyi suna cike "gibi" da rashin ayyukan jama'a ya haifar. "Ana sayar wa matasa [a Faransa] wani ruɗi [daga waɗannan ƙungiyoyin] cewa za su iya samun €500 a rana … Amma matasa ne farkon waɗanda ake kashewa a waɗannan yaƙe-yaƙen miyagun ƙwayoyi. Kuma a saman akwai ƴan kaɗan da ke rayuwa cikin jin daɗi daga gare shi."
Kessaci ya ce dole ne ƙasar Faransa ta bi shugabannin miyagun ƙwayoyi na Faransa da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje, a Dubai ko wani wuri. An ɗauki yara maza aiki ta hanyar "ƙaryar jari-hujja" game da samun kuɗi a cikin miyagun ƙwayoyi, alhali a zahiri an bar matasa dillalai cikin talauci kuma suna fuskantar tashin hankali na rashin mutuntaka, in ji shi.
Unguwar Malpassé ta Marseille. Ana ɗaukar yara maza aiki ta hanyar 'ƙaryar jari-hujja' game da samun kuɗi a cikin miyagun ƙwayoyi, in ji Kessaci. Hoto: Theo Giacometti/The Guardian
"Ƙalubale ne babba a yau, musamman a Marseille, yin yaƙi da wannan ra'ayin 'Kalashnikov cool'. Ƙalubalen wayewa ne … Muna cikin yaƙin wayewa – kalmar da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ke amfani da ita, amma na ƙi barin wannan kalmar gare su. Dole ne mu dawo da ita domin muna cikin yaƙi don nuna wa yara cewa rayuwar ɗan adam tana da daraja fiye da kuɗi."
Ga matasa a wani rukunin gidaje da ke ganin iyayensu suna shiga bashi don biyan kuɗaɗen lissafi kuma suna jin an yas da su daga tsarin makaranta, "suna neman kasancewa cikin wata al'umma", in ji Kessaci, kuma suna faɗawa cikin abin da ya kira alƙawarin "hayaki da madubi" na ƙungiyoyin miyagun ƙwayoyi na samun kuɗi mai yawa.
Ga Kessaci, maganin shine zamantakewa da tattalin arziki: ingantattun ayyukan jama'a da ilimi. "Za ka iya rushe tatsuniyar ƙungiyoyin narco idan makarantu sun ba yara damar yin mafarki kuma, su sami hangen nesa na gaba … Ina jin fushi sosai da masu tasiri da ke nuna rayuwar da ba gaskiya ba – yin fim a Dubai da motoci, gidaje, gidajen abinci, kulake, kashe kuɗi mai yawa a kan giya. Duk ƙarya ne."
Mai shekara 23 a yanzu yana jagorantar ƙungiyar gidajen jama'a ta Marseille kuma yana son magance tasirin gidaje kan yara faɗawa cikin laifukan miyagun ƙwayoyi. Yana da goyon baya a duk faɗin birnin yayin da sauran iyalai da suka rasa 'yan uwansu ke aiki don ƙoƙarin hana matasa shiga laifi.
Farida Chater tana gudanar da ƙungiyar matasa da wasanni da nufin kiyaye matasa shagaltu da nisantar masu ɗaukar ma'aikata na miyagun ƙwayoyi. Hoto: Theo Giacometti/The Guardian
"Ba zai yiwu wannan ya ci gaba ba, don haka ina ƙoƙarin ba yara da matasa wata sabuwar hanyar gani," in ji Farida Chater, wadda ke gudanar da ƙungiyar matasa da wasanni a rukunin gidajen Visitation a Marseille. Manufarta ita ce ta shagaltar da matasa da nisantar masu ɗaukar ma'aikata na miyagun ƙwayoyi.
"Ni kaina na sha wahala, na rasa surukina a wani harbe-harbe a 2019," in ji Chater. "Yanzu ina so in kare tsara mai zuwa, in nuna akwai zaɓuɓɓuka mafi kyau, don kada a jarabce su da ƙaryar alƙawarin samun kuɗi cikin sauƙi."
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Ga jerin tambayoyin da ake yawan yi game da mai fafutukar da ke fuskantar babbar ƙungiyar miyagun ƙwayoyi ta Faransa bayan kisan yayyensa
Tambayoyi na farko
Wanene mai fafutukar da ke bayan Narcos suna magana da harshe ɗaya kawai tashin hankali
Shi ɗan fafutukar Faransa ne wanda ya ƙaddamar da yaƙin neman zaɓe na jama'a da abin da ya kira babbar ƙungiyar miyagun ƙwayoyi ta Faransa bayan an kashe yayyensa biyu Yana amfani da taken don jayayya cewa masu fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi suna fahimtar ƙarfi ne kawai ba tattaunawa ba
Me ake nufi da Narcos suna magana da harshe ɗaya kawai tashin hankali
Babbar saƙonsa ne ƙungiyoyin miyagun ƙwayoyi ba sa amsa ga hankali tattaunawa ko roƙo ga lamiri suna amsa ne kawai ga tashin hankali ko barazanar tashin hankali da za a iya dogaro da ita Yana amfani da shi don sukar ƙasar Faransa da yin tausasawa ga masu fataucin
Me ya sa ya fara wannan yaƙin neman zaɓe
An kashe yayyensa dangane da ƙungiyar miyagun ƙwayoyi Maimakon yin shiru saboda tsoro ya fito fili don neman cewa hukumomi su ɗauki fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi a matsayin babban laifi na tashin hankali maimakon al'amari na baya
Me yake nema
Ƙarfafa aiwatar da doka ingantacciyar kariya ga shaidu da iyalan waɗanda abin ya shafa da kuma amincewar jama'a cewa tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyin miyagun ƙwayoyi barazana ce ta gaske a Faransa ba matsala ce kawai a wani wuri ba
Shin yana kira ga tashin hankali da kansa
A'a Taken bayanin yadda ƙungiyoyin miyagun ƙwayoyi ke aiki ne ba kira zuwa ga yaƙi ba Bukatunsa sun mayar da hankali kan matakin ƙasa aikin 'yan sanda shari'a da rigakafi
Menene babbar haɗarin da yake fuskanta
Ramuwar fansa Yin magana a fili da ƙungiyar miyagun ƙwayoyi yana sa ya zama manufa wanda shine dalilin da ya sa kariyar shaidu da ɓoye sunayen iyalai ke da mahimmanci a saƙonsa
Tambayoyi na ci gaba
Me ya sa shari'arsa ta zama baƙon abu a Faransa
Faransa ta daɗe tana ɗaukar fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi a matsayin laifin ƙungiya amma ba koyaushe a matsayin barazana mai kisa ga iyalai talakawa ba Shari'arsa tana tilasta jama'a su fuskanci tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyin miyagun ƙwayoyi a matsayin al'amarin cikin gida ba wanda aka shigo da shi ba
Menene manyan suka ga hanyarsa
Wasu suna jayayya cewa tsarin tashin hankali kawai ya yi sauƙi sosai zai iya ba da hujja ga tsauraran matakai waɗanda ba sa magance buƙata talauci ko cin hanci da rashawa Wasu kuma suna cewa yana da haɗarin ɗaukaka adawa fiye da mafita na dogon lokaci kamar magani da rigakafi
Waɗanne matakai na aiki yake ba da shawara ga mutane a irin waɗannan yanayi
Kai rahoto ga sassan yaƙi da miyagun ƙwayoyi na musamman maimakon 'yan sanda na gida rubuta barazana nemi kariyar shaidu da wuri kuma ka guje wa fuskantar masu fataucin kai tsaye Ya kuma jaddada muhimmancin matsin lamba na jama'a kan 'yan siyasa
