Bridgnorth Aluminium ta jimre da Brexit, Covid, da kuma maimaita girgizar makamashi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Amma wannan hunturu yana kawo ƙarin "damuwa da matsi," in ji shugaban tallace-tallacen ta, Adrian Musgrave.
Kamfanin Musgrave yana kera aluminium da aka yi birgima, wanda ake amfani da shi wajen marufi, gini, da kera abubuwa kamar motoci da batura. Kamar yawancin kasuwancin masana'antu da ke fama a duk Turai, Bridgnorth Aluminium na fuskantar barazanar da ke kunno kai na hauhawar kuɗin makamashi, wanda Musgrave ya bayyana a matsayin "damuwa kan damuwa."
Kuɗin iskar gas ya ninka sau biyu a cikin watanni biyu da suka gabata, sakamakon sake barkewar faɗa tsakanin Amurka da Iran, ya kai matsayi mafi girma cikin shekaru uku a Burtaniya da EU a wannan makon. Ana iya samun ƙarin hauhawar farashi a cikin watannin sanyi.
Bridgnorth Aluminium, wanda ke ɗaukar ma'aikata 370 a masana'antarta da ke Shropshire a tsakiyar masana'antar Burtaniya, tana riga tana jin tasirin. Kuɗin iskar gas da wutar lantarki haɗe yana kusan £1.1m a wata, kashi 18% na jimillar kuɗin ta, kuma yana ƙaruwa.
Manyan kwangilolin ta sun haɗa da hanyar kariya – da zarar farashin iskar gas ya wuce wani matsayi, abokan ciniki suna biyan bambancin. An wuce wannan matsayin a watan da ya gabata – amma ko abokan ciniki za su dawo yana damun Musgrave. "Dole ne su biya saboda yana cikin kwangilar, amma babu shakka ba za su so shi ba," in ji shi. "Lokacin da ya zo don sabuntawa zai zama matsala."
Musgrave ya ce kamfanin ba ya cikin yanayin da zai buƙaci yin korar ma'aikata ko rufe na ɗan lokaci a wannan hunturu. Wasu ƙila ba za su sami irin wannan sa'a ba – wani hasashe, na Item Club, ya annabta a farkon wannan shekara cewa Biritaniya za ta rasa ayyuka 163,000 a 2026 saboda yaƙin, wanda ya fi yawa a yankunan da masana'antu suka fi yawa kamar kudancin Wales da yankin Humber.
Bridgnorth Aluminium na tunanin ɗaukar hutu mai tsawo na Kirsimeti, ko yin gyare-gyaren da aka tsara – wanda aka tsara wa Afrilu – da wuri fiye da yadda ake tsammani a Janairu, domin masana'antar ta yi aiki kaɗan a lokutan manyan farashi. "Sannan ma'aikata suna sane da hakan," in ji shi, "don haka sai mutane su fara damuwa."
Duba hoto a cikakken alloTankunan ajiya a tashar iskar gas ta Grain (LNG) kusa da Rochester, Burtaniya. Hoto: Bloomberg/Getty Images
Hauhawar iskar gas da ƙarancin wadata
Rikicin ya tarwatsa wadatar makamashi ta duniya tun lokacin da Iran ta fara kai hari kan jiragen ruwa a Tekun Fasha kuma ta toshe hanyar shiga ta mashigin Hormuz, ƴar ƴar hanyar ruwa da kashi ɗaya cikin biyar na man fetur da iskar gas na duniya ke wucewa.
Farashin iskar gas na Burtaniya a jimillar ya haura zuwa 205p kowace therm a wannan makon, matsayi mafi girma tun mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine a 2022 kuma ya haura 101% daga 102p a Yuni. Wannan idan aka kwatanta da 78p kowace therm a ƙarshen Fabrairu. Biritaniya tana shigo da kusan kashi 70% na iskar gas ɗinta, wanda hakan ya sa ta fi fuskantar sauyin farashi.
Zane
Ƙarancin ajiyar iskar gas da aka adana yana ƙara matsalar. Turai na shiga hunturu da ajiyar iskar gas a matsayi mafi ƙanƙanta cikin fiye da shekaru goma, bayan da rikicin Hormuz ya hana ƙasashe ƙara ajiyarsu a lokacin bazara, lokacin da farashi yakan fi sauƙi. Ajiya yanzu kusan kashi 67% cike take, idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin yanayi kusan 80%.
Jamus, wadda ke da mafi girman ƙarfin ajiya a Turai, kusan rabin cike take, kuma tana kan hanyar da za ta rasa burinta na ajiya na 70% a wannan shekara. Ana sa ran Netherlands ma za ta rasa burinta na 80%.
A matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu amfani da iskar gas a Turai, Biritaniya na iya fi fuskantar haɗari, tana da wasu daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanta matakan ƙarfin ajiya na cikin gida kuma tana dogaro da shigo da bututu daga Turai da jiragen ruwa daga Amurka da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Chris O'Shea, babban jami'in gudanarwa na Centrica mai British Gas, ya ce a watan da ya gabata cewa Biritaniya tana da "kusan babu iskar gas a ajiya" don hunturun da ke tafe.
Duba hoto a cikakken alloWani ma'aikacin crane yana motsa naɗaɗɗen ƙarfe a wata masana'antar ƙarfe a Duisburg, Jamus. Hoto: Sean Gallup/Getty Images
Rikici a cikin Mittelstand
Alexander Julius, abokin gudanarwa na Macrometal Handelsgesellschaft, mai rarraba ƙarfe a Hamburg, ya ce tana fafatawa "da masu kera a yankunan da kuɗin makamashi ya yi arha." Ga masana'antu irin tasa—wani ɓangare na Mittelstand na Jamus na matsakaitan kamfanoni—makamashi ba wai wani kuɗi ne kawai ba, in ji shi, amma "wani muhimmin abin shiga samarwa." Amma maimakon samun tallafi, ana "doke su da harajin kore yayin da farashin makamashi ke tashi sama."
Julius, wanda kuma shi ne shugaban ƙungiyar kasuwanci ta Eurometal, ya ce kamfanoni za su yi fatara kuma aikin zai koma China ko Indiya sai an yi wani abu don rage kuɗin makamashi. Eurometal ta yi gargaɗi cewa asarar ayyukan masana'antu a duk Turai na iya kaiwa 300,000 a ƙarshen shekara, wanda wani ɓangare na gasa ta China ke haifarwa kuma kuɗin makamashi ya ƙara tsananta.
Axel Eggert, babban darakta na ƙungiyar ƙarfe ta Turai ta Eurofer, ya ƙara da cewa manyan farashi "ba makawa za su haifar da tsangwama a samarwa. Irin waɗannan ƙarin kuɗi ba za a iya ɗauka kawai ba daga masana'antu masu amfani da makamashi da yawa waɗanda ke fuskantar gasa ta duniya.
"Yayin da rikicin ke daɗe, haka haɗarin da rage samarwa na ɗan lokaci zai zama na dindindin ke ƙaruwa, tare da sakamako ga zuba jari, ayyukan yi da, a ƙarshe, rayuwar masana'antu a Turai."
Masana'antar motoci ta Jamus ma ta yi kira ga matakin gaggawa daga Berlin da Brussels, tana cewa "manyan farashin makamashi na ɗaya daga cikin manyan illolin gasa na Jamus a matsayin wurin kasuwanci," inda farashin wutar lantarki a wasu lokuta ya ninka na Amurka sau uku.
"Jamus, kamar EU, na buƙatar dabarun makamashi da aka goyi baya tare da ƙananan farashin wutar lantarki da kayan aikin grid da za su dace da gaba," in ji mai magana da yawun ƙungiyar kasuwanci ta VDA. Gina sabbin masana'antu zai zama "wani abu mai yanke hukunci wajen tantance" zuba jarin ƙasashen waje a nan gaba, in ji su.
'Yana ta zuwa kawai'
Matsalar ta fi tsanani ga ɓangaren sinadarai, inda kamfanoni suka dogara da iskar gas duka don sarrafa masana'antunsu da kuma a matsayin albarkatun ƙasa—kayan da ake yin kayayyaki da yawa daga gare shi—ma'ana kowane hauhawar farashi yana buge su sau biyu.
Francesco Buzzella, shugaban ƙungiyar kasuwanci ta sinadarai ta Italiya ta Federchimica, ya ce har yanzu ita ce "babban abin da ke lalata ikon gasa na kamfanonin sinadarai" a ƙasar. Makamashi yanzu yana wakiltar kashi 18% na darajar duk abin da masana'antar sinadarai ta Italiya ke samarwa, daga kashi 14% a 2021—kuma zai iya kaiwa kashi 23% idan farashin iskar gas da mai bai faɗi ba. A wannan makon mai ya kai $107 kan ganga yayin da Amurka da Iran ke ci gaba da musayar duka.
Samarwa a Burtaniya ya faɗi da kashi 60% tun 2021, a cewar Ƙungiyar Masana'antar Sinadarai, inda aƙalla wurare 25 suka rufe.
Peter Huntsman, babban jami'in gudanarwa na ƙungiyar sinadarai ta Huntsman Corporation, ya gaya wa Guardian a Maris cewa ci gaba da manyan farashi na iya tilasta rufe masana'antar ƙarshe da kamfanin ke da ita a Burtaniya, a Wilton da ke Teesside.
A Shropshire, Musgrave ya ce mai Bridgnorth Aluminium, ƙungiyar masana'antu ta Belgium ta Viohalco, na son ƙara zuba jari a ayyukan kamfanin, amma lambobin suna ƙara wahalar tabbatarwa.
"Za su so yin wasu muhimman zuba jari—kasuwar aluminium ta Burtaniya tana da girma sosai, kuma muna so mu iya sayar da ƙari a gida," in ji shi.
Amma makamashi da sauran matsaloli sun sa ya zama "wani hoto mai wahala ga masu hannun jari su fahimta… Yanayin kasuwanci na zuba jari yana da ƙalubale sosai, kuma yana canzawa cikin sauri.
"Na kasance a wannan kasuwanci sama da shekaru 20. A cikin shekaru 10 na farko, yanayin tattalin arziki babba koyaushe yana da kwanciyar hankali. Amma sai muka sami Brexit, wanda ya canza abubuwa; rikicin makamashi da Ukraine; Covid; kuma yanzu wannan.
"Kawai kana tunanin za ka sami shekara da wataƙila ba za ta sami sauyi da yawa ba," in ji shi. "Amma yana ta zuwa kawai."
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Ga jerin tambayoyin da ake yawan yi game da rikicin makamashi a Turai da ke mai da hankali kan girgizar wadata da tasirinsu kan masana'antu
Tambayoyin Farko
Menene ke haifar da rikicin makamashi a Turai
Ana haifar da shi ne musamman ta ƙarancin iskar gas Kafin yaƙin Ukraine Turai ta sayi iskar gas mai arha da yawa daga Rasha Yanzu an yanke wannan wadata sosai kuma Turai na kokawa don samun isasshen iskar gas a wani wuri don ci gaba da haske da masana'antu
Me ya sa masana'antu suke kan gaci
Masana'antu na buƙatar makamashi mai yawa don yin abubuwa kamar ƙarfe gilashi da taki Saboda iskar gas yana da tsada sosai kuma yana da wahalar samu masana'antu da yawa ba za su iya biyan gudanarwa ba Wasu suna rufe samarwa gaba ɗaya saboda yin samfurin ya fi tsada fiye da yadda za su iya sayar da shi
Shin wannan zai shafi lissafin wutar lantarki na
Ee mai yiwuwa Saboda ana amfani da iskar gas wajen samar da wutar lantarki babban farashin iskar gas yana ƙara farashin wutar lantarki ga kowa ciki har da gidaje da kasuwanci
Menene ma'anar girgizar wadata
Girgizar wadata ita ce lokacin da wani abu ya canza samuwar samfur kwatsam A wannan yanayin wadatar iskar gas ta faɗi kwatsam wanda ya sa farashin ya tashi sosai
Shin Turai ta ƙare da iskar gas gaba ɗaya
A'a ba su ƙarewa gaba ɗaya ba amma suna raguwa sosai Ƙasashe suna aiki don siyan iskar gas daga wasu wurare kuma suna ƙoƙarin amfani da ƙarancin makamashi don tabbatar da suna da isasshen dumama hunturu
Tambayoyin Ci Gaba
Wadanne masana'antu suka fi fuskantar waɗannan girgizar wadata
Masana'antu masu amfani da makamashi da yawa suka fi fuskantar Wannan ya haɗa da
Sinadarai da Taki Iskar gas albarkatun ƙasa ne ba man fetur kawai ba
Ƙarfe da Aluminium Waɗannan suna buƙatar yawan zafi da wutar lantarki
Gilashi da Tukwane Waɗannan suna buƙatar tanderu da ke aiki 24/7
Menene bambanci tsakanin girgizar farashi da girgizar wadata a wannan yanayin
Girgizar wadata ita ce ƙarancin iskar gas na zahiri Girgizar farashi ita ce sakamakon—kuɗin iskar gas da ake da shi yana tashi sama saboda kowa yana fafatawa a kansa Turai na fuskantar duka biyu a lokaci ɗaya
Ta yaya rikicin makamashi ke haifar da hauhawar farashi
Makamashi kuɗin yin kasuwanci ne Lokacin da farashin makamashi ya tashi kuɗin yin kusan komai yana tashi Kamfanoni suna turawa masu amfani waɗannan ƙarin kuɗi wanda ke haifar da hauhawar farashi
