Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin kyaututtukan siyasa mafi ƙarfi na zamanin zamani: Statue of Liberty, wani babban sassaka na neoclassical da aka yi a Faransa kuma aka ba wa jama'ar Amurka a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19. Girman da alamar Liberty Enlightening the World (sunan farko na mutum-mutumin) an yi shi ne a matsayin alamar abota don tunawa da cika shekaru ɗari na sanarwar 'yancin kai na Amurka na 1776. An isar da shi shekaru goma a makare, kuma ya kasance tunatarwa – watakila mai nuni – game da muhimmiyar rawar da Faransa ta taka wajen taimaka wa Amurka ta sami 'yanci daga Biritaniya.
Statue of Liberty yanzu yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan tunawa da aka fi sani a duniya, wanda ya ƙirƙira shi, Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, ba a san shi sosai ba – wani yanayi da Musée d'Orsay na Paris ke ƙoƙarin magancewa da wani nuni da ke nuna rayuwar da aikin sculptor ɗin.
Kamar yadda yake da yawancin kyaututtukan diflomasiyya, akwai wani ɓangare na son kai a bayan ra'ayin yin irin wannan kyauta mai ban mamaki ga Amurka a irin wannan takamaiman lokaci. A wani liyafar cin abinci mai daɗi a Versailles a 1865, ɗan siyasa mai sassaucin ra'ayi Édouard Laboulaye ya ba da shawarar cewa wannan matakin na murnar 'yancin Amurka zai iya sa mai mulkin Faransa mai mulkin kama-karya Napoleon III, wanda shi da Bartholdi suka yi adawa da shi, ya gabatar da ƙarin 'yanci a gida.
Bartholdi ya yarda. Mawaƙin kuma sculptor ɗin, daga Colmar a gabashin Faransa, yana neman wani babban aiki. A cikin shekarunsa na 20 ya tsara shirye-shirye don hasumiya mai haske a siffar wata mace ta Masar mai riga mai ɗauke da tocila da za a sanya a ƙofar Canal na Suez, amma mai mulkin Masar ya ga ya yi tsada sosai.
Aiki, duk da haka, ba zai iya farawa ba sai bayan an kori Napoleon III a 1870. A 1884 mazauna kusa da rue de Chazelles, a arewa maso yammacin gundumar 17th na Paris, za su yi mamakin ganin mutum-mutumin yana tashi sannu a hankali daga bitar har ya mamaye yankin, kafin a yanyanke shi, a sa shi a jirgin ƙasa zuwa Rouen sannan a tura shi New York.
Duba hoto a cikakken alloStatue of Liberty, sanye da tarkace, yana tashi sama da titunan Paris a 1885. Hoto: Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone/Getty Images
Nunin Musée d'Orsay, wanda zai gudana har zuwa 31 Janairu 2027, yana nuna ayyuka 100 na Bartholdi kuma ya haɗa da tafiya ta gaskiya ta virtual reality da ke nuna tunanin da ginin mutum-mutumin don bikin cika shekaru 140 da kaddamar da shi da kuma cika shekaru 250 da 'yancin kai na Amurka.
Masu kula da nunin, François Blanchetière da Juliette Chevée, sun jaddada cewa tunanin Bartholdi na 'yanci ba na masu juyin juya halin Faransa ba ne. "Yanci ne da ya dogara kan doka, ba kan tashin hankali ba. Aikin na fasaha ne amma kuma na siyasa, na watsa labarai, na fasaha kuma sama da komai na ƙasa da ƙasa da diflomasiyya," in ji su.
Bartholdi da Laboulaye, waɗanda ba su rayu su ga an girka mutum-mutumin ba, sun yi fatan Statue of Liberty zai ƙarfafa abota da alaƙar Faransa da Amurka. An manta da Bartholdi sosai kuma ana yawan yin watsi da alaƙar Faransa da mutum-mutumin yayin da ya zama alamar 'yanci ta duniya.
A cikin littafinsa na 2022 Diplomatic Gifts: A History in Fifty Presents, ɗan diflomasiyya mai aiki Paul Brummell, wanda yanzu shi ne babban kwamishinan Biritaniya a Mauritius, ya bibiyi yadda kyaututtuka daga dokin Trojan zuwa Statue of Liberty aka yi amfani da su a matsayin kayan aikin siyasa, farfaganda da diflomasiyya tun zamanin da.
"Kyaututtuka a zamanin yau ba su da ƙarfi," in ji shi ga jaridar Washington Diplomat. "Amma idan ka duba tarihi, kyaututtukan diflomasiyya sun shiga cikin zuciyar tunanin manyan sarakuna. Ba su ja baya ba."
Duba hoto a cikakken alloGiant panda Hsing-Hsing (hagu) yana shafa Ling-Ling a cikin shingen su na Amurka. Hoto: Bettmann/Bettmann Archive
Amma shin diflomasiyyar kyauta tana aiki? China ta shahara wajen ba Amurka giant pandas biyu, Ling-Ling da Hsing-Hsing, bayan Shugaba Richard Nixon ya ziyarci Beijing a 1972, wanda ya haifar da kalmar "diflomasiyyar panda". A mayar da martani Amurka ta aika wa Beijing musk oxen biyu masu suna Milton da Matilda. Zuwan pandas a gidan ajiye kayan tarihi na Smithsonian National zoo na Washington ya ja hankalin fiye da mutane miliyan ɗaya a watan farko, sun taimaka wajen sauƙaƙa ra'ayin jama'ar Amurka game da China. Xi Jinping ya sake maimaita wannan matakin a wannan makon, inda ya aika pandas biyu da ya kira "wakilan abota" zuwa Atlanta Zoo. Trump ya ba Xi sassaka na bald eagle, alamar ƙasar Amurka.
A Koriya ta Arewa mai mulkin kama-karya, gidan nunin International Friendship Exhibition mara taga, mil 90 arewa maso gabashin babban birnin, Pyongyang, yana da ɗakuna 150 cike da kyaututtukan da aka ba tsoffin shugabanni Kim Il-sung, wanda ya mutu a 1994, da Kim Jong-il, wanda ya mutu a 2011.
Tarin da ya haɗa da alligator mai riƙe da tiren katako na gilashin cocktail tare da ashtray mai dacewa daga Sandinistas na Nicaragua, motar sulke ZIS-110 daga mai mulkin Soviet Joseph Stalin, ƙwallon kwando da Michael Jordan ya sa hannu daga tsohuwar Sakatariyar Harkokin Wajen Amurka Madeleine Albright, da kwafin kundi na 2007 na Björk Volta.
Tarin an yi shi ne don shawo kan 'yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka keɓe daga duniyar waje cewa shugabanninsu suna da goyon bayan ƙasa da ƙasa.
Wasu kyaututtukan diflomasiyya sun yi nasara, wasu kuma sun ci tura. Lokacin da Firayim Ministan Biritaniya na lokacin Gordon Brown ya ziyarci Washington a 2009, ya ba Barack Obama wani ƙaƙƙarfan riƙon alkalami da aka sassaƙa daga katakon wani jirgin ruwa na Royal Navy na yaƙi da bauta. Kyautar Obama ga Brown ita ce tarin DVD na fina-finai da shugaban ya fi so.
Mafi matsala, wani maɓalli na alama da Sakatariyar Harkokin Wajen Amurka Hillary Clinton ta ba Rasha a 2009 don nuna ingantacciyar dangantaka kuma an buga shi da kalmar "reset" a cikin Rashanci a maimakon haka ya karanta "overcharge" saboda kuskuren fassara.
Peter Ricketts, wanda ya shafe shekaru 40 a hidimar diflomasiyya kuma tsohon jakadan Biritaniya a Faransa, ya ce kyaututtuka tsakanin ministoci "cikakken wahala ne."
"Duk wani abu sama da 'yan fam dole a bayyana shi kuma ko a mika shi ko a saya daga aljihunka, don haka ga 'yan siyasa suna iya zama abin kunya," in ji Lord Ricketts. "A matakin ziyarar ƙasa yana iya ɗan bambanta. [Amma] dole ne ya zama mai wayo kuma ya fice sosai a matsayin wani abu na musamman don yin wani bambanci."
Ya ce sarakunan Biritaniya sun ƙware fasahar kyautar da aka zaɓa a hankali kuma ya ambaci biyu da suka fice a matsayin "masu nasara sosai."
Na farko shi ne Sarki Charles ya ba Donald Trump ainihin kararrawa ta tagulla daga jirgin ruwa na Biritaniya na Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu HMS Trump. "Ya kasance na sirri, na tarihi, kyakkyawan abu kuma launin zinari ne — Shugaba Trump ya ƙaunace shi," in ji Ricketts.
Na biyu shi ne kyautar Sarauniya Elizabeth ta ɗan kwikwiyo baƙar fata Labrador ga Shugaban Faransa Valéry Giscard d'Estaing a lokacin ziyararsa ta ƙasa a 1976. "Giscard d'Estaing ya ƙaunace shi kuma ya dage da yin magana da shi da Turanci duk tsawon rayuwarsa," in ji shi.
Sarakuna suna karɓar kyaututtuka akai-akai. Elizabeth II ta karɓi wani katon mai sanyaya giya mai siffar fara da ke juya zuwa tebur na lokaci-lokaci daga Shugaban Faransa Georges Pompidou a 1972. Wata ƙabila a Tanna, wani tsibiri mai nisa a Kudancin Pacific, waɗanda suka girmama Yarima Philip a matsayin allah mai rai — har mutuwarsa a 2021 — sun aika wa sarkin wani kube na ciyawa na azzakari kamar yadda masu mulkinsu ke sawa.
A 1826, Muhammad Ali, pasha na Masar, ya aika wa Sarkin Faransa Charles X wata rakumin Masai mai suna Zarafa, wadda ta rayu a Jardin des Plantes tsawon shekaru 18 har mutuwarta a 1845. Amma wata raƙumi da aka ba Shugaban Faransa François Hollande a ziyarar 2013 zuwa Mali ba ta sami sa'a ba; an bar dabbar wurin ajiya tare da wata iyali a Timbuktu amma nan da nan aka yanka ta aka yi amfani da ita a tagine. Mali ta yi alkawarin maye gurbinta da "raƙumi mafi girma da kyaun gani."
Wasu kyaututtukan da ake kira soft-power sun bar gado mai ɗorewa. A 1912, babban birnin Japan Tokyo ya ba da gudummawar itatuwan cherry 3,020 ga birnin Washington DC. Har yanzu suna yin fure kowace shekara tun 1947, Oslo na aika wa London wata doguwar bishiyar Kirsimeti don gode wa birnin don maraba da gwamnatinta da ke gudun hijira lokacin da ƙasar ta faɗa hannun Nazis. Hakazalika, Netherlands na aika bulbs na tulip 20,000 zuwa Kanada kowace shekara don godiya ga Ottawa da ta ba da mafaka ga dangin sarautarta a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
FAQs Kyaututtukan Diflomasiyya
Abubuwan Asali
Menene kyautar diflomasiyya
Kyautar diflomasiyya kyauta ce da gwamnati ko shugaban wata ƙasa ke bayarwa ga wata Tana iya nuna ziyara yarjejeniya cika shekaru ko kawai taimakawa wajen gina kyakkyawar fahimta
Me ya sa ƙasashe suke ba juna kyaututtuka kwata-kwata
Kyaututtuka alama ce ta abota Suna cewa muna daraja wannan dangantaka ba tare da buƙatar jawabi na yau da kullum ba Suna kuma ƙirƙirar dangantaka ta sirri tsakanin shugabanni wanda zai iya sauƙaƙa tattaunawa nan gaba
Shin Statue of Liberty da gaske kyauta ce
Ee Faransa ta ba da ita ga Amurka don murnar abota da ra'ayoyin 'yanci da aka raba An keɓe ta a 1886 kuma an ba da kuɗi ta gudummawa a ƙasashen biyu
Shin pandas da China ke aikawa kyaututtuka ne kuma
Wani abu makamancin haka Yawancin pandas da ake aikawa ƙasashen waje rance ne a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyoyin kiyayewa ba kyaututtuka kai tsaye ba Amma al'adar ta fara ne a shekarun 1940-70 da ainihin pandas kyauta don haka mutane har yanzu suna kiran su diflomasiyyar panda
Me ya sa pandas
Pandas ba su da yawa kuma suna da daɗi kuma na China ne musamman Suna jawo hankalin jama'a sosai wanda ke sa su zama alama mai ƙarfi ta abota kuma a hankali suna tunatar da duniya rawar da China ke takawa wajen kare su
Abin da Kyaututtuka Suke Nufi Su Yi
Menene ma'anar kyautar diflomasiyya
Abubuwa uku na asali gina kyakkyawar fahimta aika saƙo da ƙirƙirar lokaci mai tunawa Kyakkyawar kyauta tana faɗin wani abu game da mai bayarwa kuma tana girmama mai karɓa
Shin kyaututtuka suna canza siyasa da gaske
Ba safai da kansu ba Amma suna iya buɗe kofofi sauƙaƙa lokacin tashin hankali ko murnar ƙaƙƙarfan dangantaka Ka ɗauke su a matsayin kula da dangantaka ba yin ciniki ba
Me ya sa ba a ba da kuɗi kawai ko wani abu mai amfani ba
Kuɗi yana jin kamar ciniki ba motsin rai ba Kyauta mai ma'ana tana nuna tunani da girmamawa Abubuwa masu amfani na iya aiki amma suna buƙatar labari a bayansu
Zaɓin Kyautar da Ta Dace
Yaya ake zaɓin kyautar diflomasiyya
Daidaita ta da dangantaka lokacin da al'adun mai karɓa Tambaya Menene wannan kyautar take faɗi Shin za a gan ta a matsayin girmamawa Shin ta dace da al'adunsu
Me ke sa kyauta ta yi kyau
Ya kamata ta kasance mai ma'ana ta dace da al'ada kuma ba abin kunya ba a daraja Mai arha yana nuna rashin kulawa mai tsada sosai na iya zama kamar cin hanci Wani abu da aka yi da hannu ko an haɗa shi
