A cikin wani ɗakin shirya talabijin mai duhu, ɗaya daga cikin mawadata Hungary na kusa da kuka. Ya kasance farkon watan Mayu, 'yan makonni bayan babban zaɓen da ya kawo ƙarshen mulkin Viktor Orbán na shekaru 16, kuma hamshakin mai talla Gyula Balásy yana da abin da zai faɗa.
Balásy ya gaya wa mai tambayoyin cewa ya mika wa gwamnati kasuwancinsa, tare da wani yanki na ajiyar kuɗinsa na sirri. Har ma ya kawo takardar shaidar da aka tabbatar—takardar doka da ke nuna canjin mallaka.
"Ganin halin da ake ciki yanzu, ina ganin rukunin kamfanoninmu ba su da makoma," in ji shi.
Balásy ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu cin gajiyar zamanin Orbán. Kamfanoninsa sun gudanar da hanyar sadarwa na wuraren talla da aka sani da blue billboards, inda mutane kamar ma'aikacin kuɗi George Soros da Shugabar Hukumar Tarayyar Turai Ursula von der Leyen aka lakafta su a matsayin abokan gaba na jama'a a cikin yaƙin farfaganda da gwamnati ke ɗaukar nauyi.
Yanzu, waɗannan allunan talla sun zama babu kome. Sabon shugaban Hungary, Péter Magyar, da jam'iyyarsa, Tisza, sun mai da hankali kan oligarchs na Orbán. Ba wai kawai Balásy ya rasa damar samun kwangilolin jama'a ba, har ma da harajin da zai biya kan sauran miliyoyinsa yana iya ƙaruwa.
Ministan Kuɗi András Kármán ya yi alkawarin cewa zuwa ranar 5 ga Yuni, zai ba da ƙarin bayani kan shirin sake fasalin tsarin haraji. Wannan na iya sa Hungary ta zama memba na farko na EU na yanzu da ta gabatar da sabon harajin dukiya tun daga shekarun 1980.
Da yake sanar da manufar a cikin wani rubutu a X a bazarar da ta gabata, Magyar ya ce matakin "ba hukunci ba ne amma alamar adalci na zamantakewa da haɗin kai a cikin ƙasa mai aiki da mutuntaka."
Ya zuwa yanzu, cikakkun bayanai sun iyakance. A cikin takardar manufofinta, Tisya ta yi alkawarin harajin shekara-shekara na 1% kan kadarori sama da biliyan 1 forint (kimanin fam miliyan 2.4), wanda za a yi amfani da shi kawai kan adadin da ya wuce wannan iyaka. Dukiya, hannun jari na kamfani, da kadarorin da ake riƙe a ƙasashen waje za a haɗa su, in ji Magyar a X, da kuma abubuwa kamar jiragen ruwa na shakatawa, jiragen sama masu zaman kansu, zane-zane, da motocin wasanni. Don hana gujewa, dukiyar da ma'aurata da yara suka mallaka za a kuma yi musu haraji.
"Hungary na matukar buƙatar harajin dukiya, saboda dalilai biyu," in ji Zoltán Pogátsa, masanin tattalin arziki na siyasa kuma malami a Jami'ar Yammacin Hungary. Na farko, ya yi imanin cewa harajin dukiya na yanzu ya yi ƙasa da yawa, kuma na biyu, yana ganin zai inganta riƙon amana.
"Harajin dukiya na Tisza hanya ce ta mayar da kuɗin jama'a ga asusun jama'a," in ji shi.
Bayan nazarin dukiyar manyan Hungary 50 mawadata, kamar yadda mujallar Forbes ta jera su, Pogátsa ya kammala cewa 38 daga cikinsu ko dai sun gina dukiyarsu a karkashin Orbán ta hanyar kwangilolin jama'a, ko kuma sun riga sun kasance mawadata amma sun amfana sosai daga sayan gwamnati a lokacin mulkinsa.
Da yawa suna riƙe da muhimman mukamai a kafafen yaɗa labarai, makamashi, gine-gine, banki, da kuma mallakar gidaje. Su ne masu cin gajiyar abin da ya zama sananne da Tsarin Haɗin Kan Ƙasa (NER), inda ake ba da lada ga amincin siyasa da damar tattalin arziki.
Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun oligarchs na NER shine Lőrinc Mészáros, wanda ke kan gaba a jerin Forbes na Hungary tare da kiyasin dukiyar dala biliyan 5. Ma'aikacin iskar gas daga ƙaramin gari ɗaya da tsohon firaminista, daularsa ta ƙunshi makamashi, gine-gine, kuɗi, yawon buɗe ido, da kafafen yaɗa labarai. Shekaru da suka wuce, ya danganta dukiyarsa ga abubuwa uku—"Allah, sa'a, da Viktor Orbán"—ko da yake shi ma ya dangana nasararsa ga hankali da aiki tuƙuru.
A lamba 27 a jerin, tare da dala miliyan 245, shine surikin Orbán, István Tiborcz. Abubuwan sha'awarsa sun haɗa da dukiya, otal-otal, da banki.
"Harajin dukiya na Tisza hanya ce ta mayar da kuɗin jama'a ga asusun jama'a." – Zoltán Pogátsa
Muhawarar harajin dukiya ta duniya ce, tare da gwamnati a Brazil da ƙungiyoyin kwadago a California suna turawa don irin wannan doka. Jam'iyyar Green da yawancin 'yan majalisar Labour suna goyon bayan ra'ayin. A Faransa, shugaban gurguzu François Mitterrand ya gabatar da harajin dukiya a 1982, amma daga baya aka soke shi a karkashin Emmanuel Macron. Shekarar da ta gabata, majalisar Faransa ta kusa dawo da shi, kuma ana sa ran zai zama babban batu a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na shekara mai zuwa. Amma a yanzu, Hungary na da alama za ta fara aiki.
Magyar yana da hannun jari bayan ya sami rinjaye na kashi biyu bisa uku a majalisar. An bayyana shi a matsayin jam'iyyar laima, Tisza asalin ta kasance ta tsakiya-dama amma ta faɗaɗa don haɗa masu adawa da Orbán daga ko'ina cikin fagen siyasa.
[Hoto: Duban Budapest da dare. Hungary ta shiga sabon zamani bayan rikon Viktor Orbán na shekaru 16. Hoton: Anadolu/Getty Images]
Idan akwai abu ɗaya da magoya bayanta suka yarda a kai, shi ne buƙatar wargaza tsarin NER. Magyar ya yi alkawarin sake fasalin tsarin ba da kwangila na jama'a da kafa Ofishin Maido da Kariyar Dukiyar Ƙasa don magance cin hanci da rashawa. Duk da haka, a lokuta da yawa, an samu dukiya a karkashin dokokin da ke aiki a lokacin.
"A nan ne ina ganin harajin dukiya zai iya shiga, inda ba shi da ɗa'a amma ya halatta," in ji Pogátsa.
Ɗaya ko biyu daga cikin shugabannin kasuwanci sun riga sun yi magana don goyon baya. György Wáberer, ɗan kasuwan jigilar kaya da sufuri wanda ya goyi bayan Tisza a lokacin yaƙin neman zaɓe, ya gaya wa shafin labarai Telex a watan Afrilu: "Masu arziki suna biyan haraji a wasu ƙasashe ma, kuma talaka yana biyan haraji da yawa daidai gwargwado – wannan rashin adalci ne kuma dole ne a canza wannan tsarin. Ina farin ciki idan na biya haraji mai yawa domin hakan yana nufin muna samun kuɗi da yawa ma."
[Hoto: Masu zanga-zanga a Amurka. Batun harajin dukiya na duniya ne. Hoton: Bianca Otero/Zuma Press Wire/Shutterstock]
Ba kowa ya yarda ba. Viktor Zsiday, manajan asusun zuba jari kuma mai sharhi kan tattalin arziki, ya ce mafita ga wadata mara adalci ya kamata ta kasance shari'a, ba haraji ba. "Zai yi kyau idan ba a haɗa harajin dukiya a cikin tattaunawar jama'a da hukunta waɗanda ke da rashin adalci ba," in ji shi a shekarar da ta gabata.
Zsiday baya adawa da sake rarraba dukiya a ka'ida, yana kwatanta Hungary a matsayin "kusan mafakar haraji ga mawadata," amma zai fi son ƙarin haraji kan ribar rabon hannun jari da ribar kamfanoni.
"Harajin dukiya yana sanya kamfanonin Hungary cikin rashin fa'ida saboda nauyin harajinsu ya fi na kamfanonin da ba 'yan Hungary ba suka mallaka," in ji shi ga Guardian. "Tabbas ba abin da gwamnati ke so ba ne, amma alkawarin yaƙin neman zaɓe ne, don haka abin takaici za a aiwatar da shi."
Tare da ƙimar harajin shiga mai daidaitacce, duka masu ƙaramin kuɗi da masu yawan kuɗi a Hungary suna biyan 15% kawai. Ƙimar harajin rabon hannun jari da ribar jari kuma 15% ce. Harajin gado 18% ne, amma 'yan uwa na kusa ba sa biyan komai kan dukiya. Idan aka kwatanta, ƙimar Burtaniya 40% ce. Harajin kamfanoni ma ya yi ƙasa daidai gwargwado a ma'aunin Turai, kashi 9% kawai.
Tun daga 2014, lokacin da Hungary ta gabatar da dokokin amana irin na Burtaniya, masu arziki sun ji daɗin keɓe haraji mai yawa kan ajiyar kuɗinsu na sirri.
[Hoto: Ana yi wa Gyula Balásy tambayoyi daga Tóthváradi Zsolt a tashar YouTube @kontrollhu a watan Mayu. Hoton: YouTube/Kontroll]
Don biyan kuɗin ayyukan jama'a, Baitulmali ya koma wasu nau'ikan haraji. Ma'aikata suna biyan gudunmawar jin daɗi na 18.5%. Tare da ƙimar 27% mai nauyi, VAT ita ce mafi girma a EU.
Sakamakon shine tsarin da ma'aikata ke ɗaukar nauyin da bai dace ba. Harajin tallace-tallace na ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarancin hanyoyin tara kuɗi saboda masu ƙaramin kuɗi suna kashe kaso mai yawa na kuɗin shigarsu kan abubuwa na yau da kullum kamar abinci da mai.
Wannan yana haifar da tarin dukiya mai yawa a saman, in ji István Karagich, babban jami'in gudanarwa na kamfanin binciken kasuwanci Blochamps Capital. An yi amfani da bincikensu daga mutane a kowane bangare na muhawara saboda gwamnati tana tattara bayanai kaɗan kawai game da dukiya.
"Rashin daidaito ba shi da kyau ga ci gaba," in ji Miroslav Palanský.
Akwai gidaje miliyan 4.2 a Hungary. Manyan 1% sun mallaki kusan 35% na kadarorin ƙasar, a cewar Karagich. Manyan 10% sun riƙe fiye da kashi biyu bisa uku. "Wannan yana buƙatar canji," in ji shi. "Mu kira shi fansa na al'umma."
Duk da haka, ya yi imanin cewa iyakar biliyan 1 forint ta yi ƙasa da yawa. "Idan kana da dukiya biyu da ƙaramin kamfani, wannan haraji zai shafe ka. Fam miliyan biyu bai kai matakin arzikin Jeff Bezos ba. Wannan haraji zai cutar da 'yan kasuwa na Hungary da ke gudanar da ƙananan da matsakaitan kasuwanci."
Ya ba da shawarar iyaka na biliyan 5 forint—kimanin fam miliyan 10—wanda shine ainihin shawara lokacin da Magyar ya sanar da manufar a bazarar da ta gabata. A wannan matakin, jihar za ta tara kusan biliyan 100 forint (fam miliyan 240) a shekara daga gidaje har 10,000. Amma tunda wannan kashi 0.25% ne kawai na kuɗin shiga na shekara-shekara na gwamnati, adadin da aka tara da wuya ya cancanci ƙoƙarin.
Har yanzu, Tisza ta ba da shawarar wasu hanyoyin samun ƙarin daga mawadata, kamar kawo ƙarshen keɓe haraji ga amana. Ƙarin kuɗin zai tafi don taimakawa masu ƙaramin kuɗi. An yi alkawarin ƙimar harajin shiga na asali na 9%, tare da rage VAT.
Ga Miroslav Palanský, farfesan tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Charles a Prague kuma shugaban bincike a Cibiyar Adalcin Haraji (Tax Justice Network), harajin dukiya ba wai kawai game da tara kuɗi ba ne—suna iya haɓaka tattalin arziki ma. "Rashin daidaito ba shi da kyau ga ci gaba idan ya wuce wani matsayi. Lokacin da dukiya ta bazu daidai gwargwado, mutane da yawa suna samun damar ba da gudummawa ga GDP."
Waɗannan canje-canje ya kamata su inganta bayyana gaskiya, tunda gwamnati za ta iya yin haraji kawai ga abin da za ta iya aunawa. Wataƙila ma za su kawo wasu sabbin sunaye a cikin jerin Forbes.
An sabunta wannan labarin a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2026 don gyara sunan Gyula Balásy daga Balásy Gyula a ko'ina, da kuma gyara sunan György Wáberer daga Gábor Bojár a sakin layi na 20.
**Tambayoyin da Aka Yi Yawa**
Anan akwai jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawa game da harajin dukiya da Hungary ke shirin yi da kuma fargabar da ke cikin kusancin Viktor Orbán
**Tambayoyi na Matakin Farko**
1. **Menene wannan harajin dukiya da Hungary ke magana akai?**
Wani sabon haraji ne da aka tsara kan kadarorin mutane masu arziki sosai—abubuwa kamar gidaje masu tsada, motoci masu tsada, jiragen ruwa na shakatawa, da manyan ajiyar kuɗi. Gwamnati ba ta kammala cikakkun bayanai ba tukuna, amma ra'ayin shine a sa mawadata su biya ƙarin.
2. **Su wane ne oligarchs na Orbán?**
Su ƙananan rukuni ne na 'yan kasuwa na Hungary masu arziki sosai waɗanda suka zama hamshakan attajirai a karkashin mulkin Viktor Orbán. Sau da yawa suna samun kwangilolin gwamnati, dokoki masu dacewa, da tallafin jiha, kuma suna da aminci sosai ga firaminista.
3. **Me yasa waɗannan oligarchs ke fargaba?**
Domin su ne manyan makasudin wannan haraji. Suna da dukiya mai yawa da ke daure a cikin kadarori masu tsada kuma suna fargabar cewa za su biya kuɗi mai yawa. Suna kuma tsoron cewa wannan na iya zama alamar cewa mu'amalar gwamnati ta musamman da su tana ƙarewa.
4. **Shin wannan haraji an yi shi ne don taimakawa talakawan Hungary?**
Wannan shine dalilin hukuma. Gwamnati ta ce tana buƙatar ƙarin kuɗi don gyara gibin kasafin kuɗi da kuma tallafawa ayyukan jama'a. Amma masu suka sun ce mataki ne na siyasa don karkatar da hankali daga matsalolin tattalin arziki da kuma matsa wa oligarchs.
5. **Yaushe wannan haraji zai fara?**
Babu wani abu da aka kafa tukuna. Gwamnati ta fito da ra'ayin amma ba a zartar da wata doka ba. Ana iya gabatar da shi a 2025 amma har yanzu ana tattaunawa.
**Tambayoyi na Matsakaici da Na Gaba**
6. **Yaya wannan ya bambanta da harajin da Hungary ke da shi yanzu?**
Hungary tana da harajin shiga mai daidaitacce da VAT da ke shafar kowa. Harajin dukiya ya bambanta gaba ɗaya—yana kaiwa ga kadarorin da ake da su, ba kawai kuɗin shigarka ko abin da kake saya ba. Wani sabon nau'in haraji ne kan jari.
7. **Wane irin kadarori za a yi haraji?**
Shawarwari na farko sun ambaci gidaje masu tsada, motoci masu tsada, da yiwuwar manyan ajiyar banki ko fayilolin zuba jari. Ba a sanar da takamaiman iyakoki ba tukuna.
8. **Shin wannan haraji zai iya cutar da tattalin arzikin Hungary?**
E, mai yiwuwa. Idan oligarchs suka firgita, za su iya ƙaura da dukiyarsu daga ƙasar, wanda zai cutar da tattalin arziki. Hakanan zai iya hana zuba jari idan 'yan kasuwa suka ji cewa ana yi musu hari.
