Zafin gasa da fari a yawancin tsakiyar da gabashin Turai sun tura matakan ruwa a kogin Danube da Rhine zuwa matsayi mafi ƙanƙanta da aka taɓa gani a wasu yankuna, wanda ya yi matuƙar illa ga jigilar kaya, samar da makamashi, da yawon buɗe ido.
Matsanancin yanayi, wanda rikicin yanayi ya ƙara tsananta, ya bar hanyoyin ruwa na Turai daga Netherlands zuwa Bahar Black sun bushe, wanda ya haifar da tarin matsaloli.
A karon farko a tarihi, Hungary da Romania sun rufe injinan nukiliya waɗanda galibi kogin Danube ke sanyaya su.
Babbar tashar makamashin nukiliya ta Hungary, tashar Paks mai shekaru 44, wadda ke samar da kusan rabin wutar lantarki na ƙasar, tana rage samarwa tun ranar Litinin.
Firayim Minista, Péter Magyar, ya ce tashar Paks tana aiki da ƙasa da kashi 50% na ƙarfinta, kuma ana sa ran za a rufe ta gaba ɗaya a mako mai zuwa. Rufewar na iya ɗaukar makonni, saboda ana sa ran matakan ruwan Danube za su kasance ƙasa da ƙasa da yadda ake buƙata don sake kunna ta.
"Wani halin gaggawa na makamashi zai iya tasowa daga ranar Litinin," ya rubuta a shafin X. "Za a buƙaci matakan haɗin kai da kamewa don guje wa sakamako mafi tsanani. Muna dogara ga kowa!"
Ya kuma ambata cewa rashin aiki a babbar tashar wutar lantarki ta iskar gas a Százhalombatta na Hungary yana ƙara tsananta ƙarancin wutar lantarki.
Hukumomin Hungary sun buƙaci ƴan ƙasa su rage amfani da makamashi a lokutan yamma, gami da guje wa cajin motocin lantarki da kashe na'urorin sanyaya iska. An gaya wa masu kera motoci da masana'antun batura su rage amfani da wutar lantarki da ruwa.
A Romania, hukumomi sun rufe wani rukunin injin a tashar wutar lantarki ta Cernavodă a farkon makon saboda dalilai na tsaro, kuma sun sanar da cewa za a kashe na biyu nan ba da jimawa ba. Firayim Minista Ilie Bolojan ya ce rufewar na iya ɗaukar mako ɗaya zuwa biyu, kuma ya buƙaci Romaniyawa su rage amfani da wutar lantarki da yamma.
Kogin Danube, wanda ke ratsa ƙasashe 10, ya faɗi zuwa matakan da ba a taɓa gani ba a wasu yankuna, wanda ya fallasa duwatsu, tsoffin jiragen ruwa da suka nutse, wani bam na Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, har ma da ragowar wani tsohon giwa mai gashi mai suna woolly mammoth.
Wani mazaunin ƙauyen Ryahovo a arewacin Bulgaria ya gano ƙasusuwan wannan babbar dabba ta zamanin kankara a kan gadon kogin, kuma ƙwararru daga Gidan Tarihi na Yanki a garin Ruse na kusa sun zo don duba wannan binciken da ba a taɓa gani ba.
A makon da ya gabata, hukumomi a Budapest sun rufe gadar Margaret bayan an gano wani bam na yaƙi a gindinta saboda faɗuwar matakan ruwa.
Ƙarancin matakin Danube ya tilasta jiragen ruwa na yawon buɗe ido na Budapest su tsaya a sama da kogin, kuma an soke tafiye-tafiyen kallon yanayi. Ayyukan jiragen dakon kaya sun kusan tsayawa, a cewar ma'aikatar sufuri da zuba jari ta Hungary.
Ana sa ran kogin zai ƙara faɗuwa a kwanaki masu zuwa, ba tare da an yi hasashen ruwan sama mai yawa ba, kuma ana sa ran zafin zai wuce 38°C a yankin.
Daga Slovakia da Hungary zuwa Romania da Bulgaria a gabas, jiragen ruwa a Danube ba su iya tafiya da cikakken kaya kuma sun fuskanci dogon jinkiri.
A gadar Vidin-Calafat da ke haɗa Bulgaria da Romania, masunta na Bulgaria sun ce ba su da aiki saboda ƙarancin ruwa ya bar kwale-kwalensu a busasshiyar gaɓa.
"Ba a taɓa bushewa haka ba," in ji Rossen Dobrev, wani masunci, ga Agence France-Presse. "Yanzu ma muna iya tafiya har zuwa Romania."
Matakan ruwa a kogin Rhine a Jamus ma sun faɗi kusan zuwa matakin mafi ƙanƙanta da aka taɓa gani ranar Juma'a, a cewar hukumar kula da zirga-zirgar ruwa ta WSV, saboda zafin rana da bushewar yanayi mai tsawo. Ruwan da ba shi da zurfi ya tilasta jiragen dakon kaya su rage kayan da suke ɗauka zuwa kusan kashi 20% na ƙarfin da suka saba.
Duba hoto cikakke
Tsoffin jiragen ruwa guda uku, gami da jirgin ruwa mai tuhuma da jirgin kamun kifi na eel, waɗanda aka haɗa da gada kuma yanzu suna aiki a matsayin wurin shan kofi a tsohuwar mahadar Wupper da Rhine.
Kogin Rhine hanya ce mai muhimmanci ta jigilar hatsi, ma'adanai, tama, gawayi, da kayayyakin mai, gami da man fetur, wanda zai iya haifar da cikas ga kamfanoni a cikin babbar tattalin arzikin EU.
Jami'an Netherlands sun ba da rahoton cewa Rhine ya faɗi zuwa matakin da aka taɓa gani mafi ƙanƙanta a wurin da yake shiga Netherlands, kuma ana sa ran zai ƙara faɗuwa.
Netherlands ta fuskanci ƙarancin ruwa da aka amince da shi a hukumance tun tsakiyar watan Yuli, wanda ya haifar da ƙuntatawa a yawancin ƙasar, musamman a harkar noma.
A Serbia, ɗaruruwan ƙananan kwale-kwale da jiragen dakon kaya da dama sun makale a busasshiyar gaɓar kogin kusa da birnin Novi Sad na arewa.
Radovan Segrt, wani mai gidan jirgin ruwa da ke gudanar da tafiye-tafiyen kogin, ya shaida wa Associated Press cewa ruwan Danube ya ja da baya kusan mita 15 zuwa 20 daga gaɓarsa. "Lokacin bazara ya ƙare yanzu, dangane da hawan jirgin ruwa," in ji shi.
Agence France-Presse, The Associated Press, da Reuters sun ba da gudummawa ga wannan rahoto.
**Tambayoyin da Aka Yi Yawaita**
Anan akwai jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawaita dangane da batun, daga matakin farko zuwa na ƙwararru.
**Bayanin Gabaɗaya**
1. **Me yasa kogunan Turai ke bushewa?**
Babban dalili shine haɗin fari mai tsanani da zafin rana mai ƙarfi, waɗanda canjin yanayi ya sa su zama ruwan dare gama gari kuma mafi tsanani. Har ila yau, an sami ƙarancin dusar ƙanƙara da ruwan sama a lokacin hunturu don ciyar da kogunan.
2. **Wannan sabuwar matsala ce ko kuwa ta taɓa faruwa?**
Yayin da kogunan suka taɓa samun ƙarancin ruwa a baya, halin da ake ciki yanzu ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba a tarihin zamani. Tsananin da saurin faɗuwar matakan ruwa na da alaƙa kai tsaye da yanayin da ake samu a kwanan nan.
3. **Waɗanne koguna ne suka fi shafa?**
Wasu daga cikin waɗanda suka fi shafa sun haɗa da Rhine, Danube, Po, da Loire.
**Damuwar Tattalin Arziki da Makamashi**
4. **Yaya bushewar kogi ke shafar lissafin wutar lantarki na?**
Yawancin ƙasashen Turai sun dogara da koguna don samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa da kuma sanyaya tashoshin nukiliya. Lokacin da matakan ruwa suka faɗi, waɗannan tashoshi suna rage samarwa ko rufewa. Wannan yana rage wutar lantarki, wanda ke ƙara farashin makamashi ga kowa.
5. **Me yasa kogin Rhine yake da muhimmanci ga tattalin arziki?**
Kogin Rhine babbar hanyar jigilar kayayyaki ne kamar gawayi, sinadarai, da hatsi. Lokacin da ya yi ƙanƙanta, jiragen dakon kaya ba za su iya ɗaukar cikakken kaya ba. Wannan yana ƙara tsadar jigilar kayayyaki kuma yana jinkirta sarkar samarwa.
6. **Menene "asarar kuɗin shiga" ke nufi a wannan mahallin?**
Yana nufin kuɗin da kasuwancin da suka dogara da kogunan ke rasa. Wannan ya haɗa da kamfanonin jigilar kaya, manoma waɗanda ke amfani da ruwan kogi don ban ruwa, masana'antu waɗanda ke buƙatar ruwa don samarwa, da masana'antar yawon buɗe ido.
**Abubuwan Tarihi da Muhalli**
7. **Menene batun woolly mammoth?**
Yayin da matakan ruwa ke faɗuwa, suna fallasa abubuwan da suka ɓoye a ƙarƙashin koguna na dubban shekaru. A wasu lokuta, wannan ya haɗa da ƙasusuwa da haƙoran dabbobin da suka rigaya, kamar woolly mammoth, waɗanda suka mutu kusa da kogin tun da daɗewa.
8. **Shin waɗannan binciken abu ne mai kyau?**
Ga masana kimiyya, wannan dama ce ta musamman don nazarin tarihi. Duk da haka, wannan bincike ne mai ɗaci domin yana faruwa ne kawai saboda mummunan rikicin muhalli. Har ila yau, yana da haɗarin sata, yayin da mutane ke ƙoƙarin ɗaukar waɗannan tsoffin kayan tarihi.
