Idan akwai wata shakka game da jajircewar Norway na ci gaba da faɗaɗa samar da mai da iskar gas a teku, Ministan Makamashi Terje Aasland yana da amsa kai tsaye: "Za mu ci gaba, ba mu rusa ayyukanmu a kan nahiyar mu ba."
A wannan makon, ga damuwar masu fafutukar kare muhalli, ya sanar da cewa za a sake buɗe filayen iskar gas guda uku a gabar tekun kudancin Norway nan da ƙarshen 2028—kusan shekaru 30 bayan an rufe su—domin cike gibin da ya haifar da yaƙin Ukraine da kuma katsewar kayayyaki daga Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Matakin zai taimaka wajen kiyaye samar da mai da iskar gas a kusan matakin 2025, wanda ya daidaita kusan shekaru 20, kuma ya kasance iri ɗaya har zuwa ƙarshen wannan shekaru goma. Norway tana da filayen mai a teku guda 97, uku daga cikinsu sun fara samarwa a bara. Hukumar Kula da Tekun Norway tana tsammanin "100 da sama" a cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa, har yanzu tana samar da akalla matakin yanzu na ganga miliyan 2 na mai kowace rana.
Tekun Barents, a arewa mai nisa, shine sabon iyaka ga mai da iskar gas—tare da yiwuwar hako ma'adanai a kasan teku tsakanin arewacin Norway da Greenland. Wannan damar tana da nisa, kodayake binciken farko na Hukumar Kula da Tekun Norway, wata hukuma a ƙarƙashin sashin Aasland, ya nuna yuwuwar.
"Samar da mai a teku na Norway yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da tsaron makamashi a Turai," in ji Aasland ga jaridar Guardian. "Duniya, da Turai, za su buƙaci mai da iskar gas na shekaru masu zuwa, kuma yana da mahimmanci Norway ta ci gaba da haɓaka nahiyarta don kasancewa amintaccen mai bayarwa na dogon lokaci—tare da babban matakin bincike."
Bangaren yana samar da dukiya mai yawa ga Norway, amma matakin wannan makon na sake buɗe filayen iskar gas na Albuskjell, Vest Ekofisk, da Tommeliten Gamma a Tekun Arewa—wanda aka rufe tun 1998—ya jawo suka mai tsanani.
Ya saba da shawarar hukumar kare muhalli ta ƙasar, kuma jam'iyyar Socialist Left ta zargi gwamnati da "greenwashing."
Lars Haltbrekken, mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar kuma mai magana kan muhalli, ya ce: "Wannan yana nuna gwamnati ta sake yin watsi da shawarwarin muhalli daga masana nata. Duk maganar hako mai da ta dace ba komai ba ce. Greenwashing ne gaba ɗaya, tare da sanya wurare masu rauni da mahimmanci cikin haɗari da gangan."
Equinor (tsohon Statoil), kamfanin makamashi na Norway wanda gwamnati ke da kashi 67% na hannun jari, ya ce yana yin "babban ƙoƙari" don kiyaye matakin samarwa na 2020 na ganga miliyan 1.2 kowace rana har zuwa 2035. Ana sa ran hannun jarin gwamnati a kamfanin zai samar da kusan fam biliyan 2 a matsayin rabon riba a wannan shekara.
"Yana da matukar mahimmanci ga darajar kasuwar kamfanin a kiyaye samarwa sama da na 2001—eh, muna da ƙarancin samarwa a lokacin," in ji Ola Morten Aanestad na Equinor. Don hana duk wani raguwa, ya ce Equinor ya himmatu wajen saka dala biliyan 6 (fam biliyan 4.4) kowace shekara har zuwa 2035—"ƙarin hakowa, sabbin ci gaba da yawa, ƙarin bututun mai, watakila ƙananan filaye da ake haɓaka, amma har yanzu suna da mahimmanci."
Aasland—wanda ya fi dadewa a matsayin ministan mai na Norway, mai shekaru 61, tsohon ma'aikacin lantarki kuma shugaban ƙungiyar ma'aikata—ya ce Norway tana da "alhaki."
"A Turai, kafin yaƙin Ukraine, ana magana da yawa game da yadda za a kawar da mai da iskar gas a nahiyarmu. Yanzu suna tambayata kowace rana, 'Za ka iya kawo ƙarin mai da iskar gas?' Muna magana ne game da tsaron makamashi na Turai, kuma dole ne mu ƙara saka hannun jari. Muna da alhaki. Hankalinmu a bayyane yake."
Aasland ya kuma jaddada mahimmancin tsaron ayyukan yi ga mutane 210,000 da masana'antar makamashi ta Norway ke aiki. "Yana da matukar mahimmanci su farka da safe suna sanin ayyukansu suna da tsaro." Farkawa da sanin suna da aikin da ya tabbata a nan gaba. Aanestad ya ce tsayayyen harajin Norway kan kamfanonin mai da iskar gas ya sa ta zama mai jan hankali ga masu saka hannun jari.
"Muna da kashi 78% na haraji tun daga shekarun 1970—yana da yawa, na sani—amma masu saka hannun jari sun san abin da za su yi tsammani; yana da tsinkaya," in ji shi. Wannan haraji wani muhimmin bangare ne na asusun dukiyar Norway na fam tiriliyan 1.5, wanda ke taimaka wa ƙasar kiyaye babban rarar kuɗi.
Hanyar Norway ta kai tsaye ta bambanta da Burtaniya, makwabciyarta a Tekun Arewa, inda gwamnati ta hana sabbin lasisin binciken mai da iskar gas.
Terje Sørenes, babban masanin tattalin arziki a Hukumar Kula da Tekun Norway, ya ce manufar ita ce ci gaba da samarwa muddin zai yiwu da kuma ƙara yawan fitarwa, wanda a halin yanzu ke ba da kashi uku na iskar gas na Turai. A yanzu, babbar cibiyar makamashi ta Turai ta mai da hankali kan ƙarin hakowa da samarwa a teku har zuwa shekarun 2030 da bayan haka.
Tambayoyi da Aka Yi Yawa
Ga jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawa dangane da taken Muna Magana ne Game da Tsaron Makamashi na Turai, Inji Norway Yayin da Take Ci Gaba da Samar da Mai da Iskar Gas
Tambayoyi na Matakin Farko
Tambaya: Me yasa Norway ke ƙara samar da mai da iskar gas a yanzu?
Amsa: Norway ta ce Turai na buƙatar amintaccen tushen makamashi. Ta hanyar samar da ƙari, Norway tana ƙoƙarin taimaka wa ƙasashen Turai da ke fuskantar ƙarancin kayayyaki ko tsada, musamman bayan da Rasha ta yanke yawancin iskar gas dinta.
Tambaya: Shin samar da ƙarin mai da iskar gas ba ya cutar da muhalli?
Amsa: E, kona burbushin mai yana taimakawa wajen canjin yanayi. Norway tana jayayya cewa iskar gas dinta ya fi tsabta wajen samarwa fiye da sauran tushe da yawa, kuma Turai na buƙatar wannan makamashi a yanzu don ci gaba da hasken wuta da gudanar da masana'antu yayin da take gina ƙarin makamashi mai sabuntawa.
Tambaya: Wanene Norway ke sayar da wannan ƙarin mai da iskar gas?
Amsa: Galibi ga ƙasashen Turai kamar Jamus, Burtaniya, Poland, da Netherlands. Norway yanzu ita ce babbar mai samar da iskar gas ga Turai.
Tambaya: Wannan canji ne na dindindin ko na wucin gadi?
Amsa: Norway ta ce mataki ne na wucin gadi don taimaka wa Turai ta shawo kan rikicin makamashi na yanzu. Duk da haka, masu suka suna damuwa cewa zai jinkirta canji zuwa makamashi mai tsabta.
Tambayoyi na Matsakaicin Mataki
Tambaya: Menene tsaron makamashi ke nufi a wannan mahallin?
Amsa: Yana nufin tabbatar da cewa Turai tana da isasshen makamashi don gudanar da tattalin arzikinta ba tare da dogaro da masu samarwa marasa aminci ko maƙiya ba. Norway tana sanya kanta a matsayin amintaccen abokin tarayya.
Tambaya: Ta yaya Norway ke ba da hujjar faɗaɗa burbushin mai yayin da take inganta manufofin yanayi?
Amsa: Norway ta ce mafita ce ta gada. Suna jayayya cewa idan Turai ba ta samun iskar gas daga Norway, za ta sayi gawayi mafi ƙazanta ko iskar gas mai ruwa mai tsada daga wasu ƙasashe. Suna da'awar cewa samarwarsu ita ce mafi ƙarancin sharri a yanzu.
Tambaya: Wadanne ayyuka ne Norway ke ci gaba da su?
Amsa: Manyan ayyuka sun haɗa da filin mai na Johan Sverdrup da sabbin ci gaban iskar gas kamar Ormen Lange 3 da aikin Troll Phase 3, wanda zai tsawaita rayuwar babban filin iskar gas na Norway.
Tambaya: Shin iskar gas din Norway ya fi tsabta fiye da sauran burbushin mai?
