Lokacin da James Reed McGuire da Crystal Fritz suka fara yanke shawarar musanya lawn ɗinsu da tsire-tsire na asali, ba su da ainihin ra'ayin abin da suke yi. Sun ƙaura daga Chicago zuwa unguwar Highland Park, Illinois, kuma a matsayin tsoffin mazauna birni, ba su taɓa yin aikin lambu da yawa tare ba—sai ƴan tukwanen ganye da furanni a barandarsu.
Amma ga McGuire, mai kallon tsuntsaye mai ƙwazo wanda ba zai iya jurewa tunanin lawn da ba ya yin "kome ba don muhalli," samun madadin filin gida na yau da kullun ya kasance muhimmi.
Ƙoƙarinsu na farko na mayar da lawn zuwa yanayin daji ya cika da abin da suke gani yanzu a matsayin kurakurai. Sun sayi buhunan iri na furanni daban-daban kuma suka watsa su ba bisa ka'ida ba, maimakon zaɓar nau'ikan da suke asali a yankinsu da tsara inda za su shuka su. Sun kuma yi ƙoƙarin tono ciyawar da hannu da shebur—aiki mai wuyar gaske wanda McGuire ke dariya idan ya tuna da shi.
Duk da haka, kowane kuskure ya koya musu wani abu. Ko da yake babu ɗayansu da ya sami horo na musamman a fannin noma—Fritz tana aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar sirri, kuma McGuire darekta ne na ƙirƙira kuma marubuci—a hankali sun koyi yadda ake gane tsire-tsire na asali ga yankinsu kuma suka gano mafi kyawun hanyoyin shuka su daga iri don rage farashi.
Sun tsara lambun su don su ji daɗin furanni na tsawon lokacin girma gwargwadon yadda zai yiwu. Kowace shekara, suna ƙara wasu tsire-tsire na asali, kuma kowace shekara, suna ganin ƙarin pollinators da tsuntsaye suna zuwa lambun.
Yanzu, lawn ɗinsu ya canza daga filin ciyawa mai sauƙi zuwa yanayin halittu na asali mai bunƙasa a tsakiyar unguwannin bayan gari. Tsire-tsire masu yawa na asali suna ba da abinci da mafaka ga kowane irin namun daji: tsuntsaye, malam buɗe ido, ƙudan zuma, zomaye, jemage, da foxes yanzu abubuwan gani ne na yau da kullum.
"Haƙiƙa yanayi ne mai ban sha'awa," in ji McGuire. "Yana kawo mana kwanciyar hankali da natsuwa a cikin duniya mai cike da rikice-rikice."
A matsayinsu na mutanen farko a unguwarsu da suka yi wannan canji, McGuire da Fritz sun sami "adadin amsa mai kyau da ba za a iya misaltawa ba" daga masu wucewa. Iyalai suna ƙetare hanya don su wuce gidan don yaransu su ga duk ƙudan zuma masu haske. Ma'aurata maƙwabta ma sun nemi McGuire ya taimaka musu su mayar da filin su na kansu zuwa mazaunin halittu na asali.
Gidan ya kasance ɓangare na yawon shakatawa na lambu na gida a cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, kuma birni ya ba ma'auratan izini su shirya gefen hanya a gaban gidansu don faɗaɗa mazaunin da suka ƙirƙira.
Ba maƙwabtan ɗan adam kaɗai ke jin daɗin abin da suka yi ba. A cikin 2023, lambun su an ba shi suna Certified Wildlife Habitat ta National Wildlife Federation, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa shimfidar ƙasarsu tana da kyau ga namun daji ma.
"Yana da ban sha'awa sosai," in ji Fritz. "Mun yi wannan ɗan ƙaramin abu da wannan ƙaramin fili, amma ya kawo babban canji, aƙalla a cikin ɗan ƙaramin ɓangarenmu na duniya." Fritz da McGuire watakila su ne na farko a titinsu da suka canza lawn ɗinsu, amma ba su kaɗai ba. A duk faɗin Amurka, mutane suna fara yage lawns waɗanda ke buƙatar magungunan kashe qwari da takin mai yawa, kuma a maimakon haka suna shuka abubuwan da ke tallafawa bambancin halittu kuma suka fi dacewa da yanayin gida da buƙatun namun daji.
A cewar Doug Tallamy, masanin kwari wanda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu goyon bayan abin da ya kira "kiyaye shimfidar ƙasa," lawns asalinsu sun zo Amurka daga Turai. "Mun kwaikwayi masu sarauta," in ji Tallamy. "Mun so mu nuna cewa muna da wadata da matsayi mai girma. A wancan lokacin, hanyar da za ka iya samun lawn ita ce idan kana da isasshen ƙasa wanda ba ka buƙatar noma shi, da kuma wadatar da za ka iya samun bayi ko tumaki don kula da shi." Da ƙirƙirar injin yankan ciyawa, tare da zuwan magungunan kashe qwari da takin mai, kula da lawn ya zama mai yiwuwa ga mutane da yawa. A tsakiyar ƙarni na 20, samun lawn ciyawa ya zama alamar matsayi mai ƙarfi ga mazauna bayan gari. A yau, an kiyasta cewa kilomita murabba'i 160,000 (kadada miliyan 40) na Amurka ciyawa ce—ciki har da filayen golf—tare da ƙarin ƙasa da aka ba da lawns fiye da amfanin gona na ban ruwa kamar masara ko alkama.
Yayin da lawn zai iya zama kamar ya fi siminti kyau, alal misali, lawns na ciyawa a haƙiƙa suna cutar da muhalli, in ji Tallamy. Na farko, lawns na Amurka yawanci sun ƙunshi nau'ikan ciyawa na Turai masu gajerun saiwoyi, waɗanda ba su da yawa wajen jawo carbon da ruwa zurfi cikin ƙasa. Lokacin da aka yi ruwan sama, ruwa yana gudana daga saman waɗannan lawns maimakon a sha shi, yana ɗauke da magungunan kashe qwari da takin mai tare da jefa waɗannan sinadarai cikin koguna da tafkuna na kusa, inda suke haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga hanyoyin ruwa. Na biyu, ciyawar da ba ta asali ba ba ta tallafawa pollinators ko tsarin abinci mai lafiya, wanda ke farawa da kwari. Tallamy ya ce: "Muna da wuraren shakatawa da wuraren ajiya, amma muna kan hanya zuwa ga bacewa na shida, saboda waɗannan wuraren sun yi ƙanƙanta, sun keɓe, kuma ba su da yawa. Kuma yadda muke shimfida ƙasa tsakanin wuraren shakatawa da wuraren ajiya ba ya tallafawa bambancin halittu."
Labari mai daɗi shi ne cewa ba ya buƙatar yawa don fara gyara waɗannan matsalolin muhalli. Daga ra'ayin Tallamy, ba ma yana nufin kawar da lawns gaba ɗaya ba—idan gajeriyar ciyawa tana da amfani a wani ɓangare na lambun ka don yaranka su yi wasa, hakan yana da kyau. A gare shi, yana game da canza ma'auni don tsire-tsire na asali su zama al'ada, kuma a ƙirƙira lawns ne kawai lokacin da suke da manufa. Idan kowa a ƙasar ya rage lawn ɗinsa da rabi kuma ya shuka ɗayan rabin da nau'ikan asali, zai taimaka sosai wajen ƙirƙira da haɗa nau'ikan wuraren zama waɗanda zasu ba da damar namun daji su tsira daga rikice-rikicen muhalli na yau, in ji shi.
Wannan ita ce ra'ayin da ke bayan Homegrown National Parks, wani shiri na kiyaye muhalli na Amurka wanda Tallamy ya kafa wanda ke ƙarfafa mutane su kawo yanayin daji zuwa gidajensu ta hanyar shuka nau'ikan asali. Camille Dungy, mawaƙin Amurka kuma masaniya, ita ma an san ta a unguwarta a Fort Collins, Colorado, saboda kyakkyawan lambunta. Dungy ta shafe shekaru goma tana mayar da lawn ɗinta na nau'in ciyawa ɗaya zuwa mafakar halittu masu yawa na tsire-tsire na asali waɗanda ke tallafawa tsuntsaye da pollinators duk shekara kuma suna amfani da ƙarancin ruwa. Amma ta kuma bar wuri don wasu nau'ikan da ba na asali ba (ko da yake ba masu yaɗuwa ba), kamar irises waɗanda ta zaɓa saboda suna tunatar da ita wani da take ƙauna, kuma ta bar ɗan filin ciyawa don ɗanta ya yi wasa, ko da yake ta maye gurbin Kentucky bluegrass da ciyawar asali. Yanzu, lambunta kusan 70% tsire-tsire na asali ne kuma 30% ba na asali ba.
Ko da wannan canji ya haifar da ainihin bambanci a yadda lambunta ke tallafawa bambancin halittu, in ji Dungy, wadda ta rubuta game da kwarewar a cikin littafinta na 2023 Soil: The Story of a Black Mother’s Garden. A hanya, ta kuma lura da canji a hankali a yadda mutane ke kallon lawns.
Lokacin da ta fara ƙaura zuwa Fort Collins a 2013, wani memba na Ƙungiyar Masu Gidaje—ƙungiyoyin da ke kula da wuraren da ake rabawa a yankunan zama na Amurka—yakan yi tafiya da mai auna, yana duba ko tsire-tsire sun girma sama da ƙayyadadden tsayi, wanda ke fifita lawns. A 2023, Colorado ta zartar da doka da ta hana waɗannan ƙungiyoyi hana "shimfidar ƙasa mai amfani da ruwa," wadda sau da yawa tana amfani da tsire-tsire na asali don adana ruwa a wannan jihar da ke fama da fari.
"Mun fara a matsayin gidan farko a unguwar, kuma yanzu kowa yana da wasu abubuwa na wannan shimfidar ƙasa mai ƙarancin ruwa, mai tallafawa pollinators," in ji Dungy.
Wannan canji yana faruwa a wasu wurare ma. Wasu sassan California yanzu suna ba masu gidaje kuɗaɗen mayarwa ga kowane ƙafar murabba'in lawn da suka maye gurbin da lambun "xeriscaped"—shimfidar ƙasa mai bushewa wadda ke amfani da tsire-tsire masu jure fari, hanyoyin ban ruwa masu wayo, da ciyawa don rage amfani da ruwa. Minnesota da Pennsylvania suna biyan mazauna kuɗi don maye gurbin lawns da tsire-tsire na asali, kuma Virginia ta hana sayar da nau'ikan masu yaɗuwa, waɗanda wasu a da ana ɗaukar su a matsayin kayan ado na ban mamaki. A Marco Island, Florida, wani shiri yana biyan mazauna kuɗi don barin mujiyoyi masu haɗari su yi gida a lawns ɗinsu.
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Jan hankalin pollinators shine ɗayan dalilan da mutane ke zaɓar lambunan asali.
Yanzu, akwai ƙarin shaida cewa ko da gwamnatocin jihohi ba su ba da lada ga wannan zaɓi ba, masu sayen gidaje na iya yin hakan—masu dillancin gidaje suna gano cewa lambunan asali na iya zama abin siyarwa.
Da zarar ka fara kuma ka ga gudun pollinators da sabbin tsuntsaye suna bayyana, ƙila ba za ka taɓa komawa ba. Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarfi abubuwa na wannan motsi ga Tallamy: yayin da shigar da hasken rana ko canzawa zuwa motar lantarki yana yin kyakkyawan aiki, yana da wuya a ga tasirin waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan. Amma lokacin da ka mayar da lawn ɗinka zuwa yanayin daji, "kana ganin sakamakon, kuma hakan yana ba ka ƙarfi," in ji shi. "Kana ganin bambancin halittu yana komawa zuwa filinka, kuma ko da yake ba ka ceci dukan duniya ba, kana ceton ɓangaren duniya da ka 'mallaka' a hanya mai gaske."
The Guardian tana karɓar tallafi don ɗaukar hoto na yanayi daga Outrider Foundation.
Ɗaukar labarin The Guardian yana da 'yancin kai na edita.
Tambayoyin da Aka Yi Yawa
Anan akwai jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawa dangane da labarin ma'auratan da suka maye gurbin lawn ɗinsu da mafakar namun daji wanda ya rufe komai daga tushe zuwa nasihu na ci gaba
Gabaɗaya Dalili
1 Me yasa wani zai so ya maye gurbin lawn ɗinsa
Lawns suna buƙatar ruwa mai yawa, lokaci, da takin mai sinadarai don su kasance kore. Ta hanyar maye gurbinsa da tsire-tsire na asali, kana ƙirƙirar mazaunin namun daji na gida, adana ruwa, da rage sawun carbon ɗinka. Ƙari ga haka, yana da kyau a yanayin daji na halitta.
2 Menene ainihin mafakar namun daji
Lambu ne da aka tsara don samar da abinci, ruwa, mafaka, da wuraren gida ga dabbobin gida. Maimakon ciyawa ɗaya tilo, yana amfani da nau'ikan furanni na asali, shrubs, da bishiyoyi don ƙirƙirar ƙaramin yanayin halittu mai bunƙasa a bayan gidanka.
3 Shin wannan yanayin kawai ne ko kuma yana taimakawa da gaske
Yana taimakawa da gaske. Tsire-tsire na asali suna tallafawa kwari na gida, waɗanda su kuma ke ciyar da tsuntsaye da sauran dabbobi. Tun da tsire-tsire na asali sun dace da yanayin gida, suna buƙatar ƙarancin ruwa sosai kuma ba sa buƙatar magungunan kashe qwari, wanda ke kiyaye sinadarai daga ƙasa da ruwan ƙasa.
4 Ni ba mai lambu ba ne. Shin wannan yana da rikitarwa a gare ni
Ba haka ba. Kana iya farawa da ƙarami. Ba ka buƙatar yage dukan lawn ɗinka a ƙarshen mako ɗaya ba. Kana iya farawa da canza gadon furanni ɗaya ko kusurwar filinka. Tsire-tsire na asali a haƙiƙa sau da yawa suna da sauƙin girma fiye da ciyawa masu buƙatar kulawa mai yawa da furanni na waje saboda sun riga sun dace da ƙasarka da yanayinka.
Yadda Ake Yi Matakan Aiki
5 Yaya zan iya kawar da lawn ɗin da nake da shi yanzu
Akwai ƴan hanyoyi
Rufe da abu: Rufe ciyawar da kwali ko tarp na ƴan makonni don kashe ta.
Yanka ciyawar: Hayar inji don cire ciyawar.
Lambun lasagna: Sanya kwali, takin, da ciyawa a saman ciyawar kai tsaye. Yana rushewa da lokaci kuma yana wadatar da ƙasa.
Guji amfani da magungunan kashe qwari na sinadarai idan kana son lambun namun daji mai lafiya da gaske.
6 Wane tsire-tsire ya kamata in zaɓa
Nemo tsire-tsire na asali na musamman ga yankinka. Kyakkyawan ƙa'ida ita ce haɗa
Furanni waɗanda ke fure a lokuta daban-daban na shekara.
