A ƙarshe, a cikin tsakiyar dare, barazanar daga sama ta wuce. Ruwan sama ya ragu, kuma jiragen sama marasa matuƙi na Ukraine a shirye suke, waɗanda ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta ƙasa ta shirya ta amfani da ƙananan fitilu kore da ja waɗanda ba su da sauƙin ganowa. Ƙaramin layi na jiragen sama na Fire Point FP-2 na Ukraine—ƙananan jirage masu fikafikai ɗaya masu faɗin mita 6 da fiye da kilogiram 100 na abubuwan fashewa—suna jira su harba wani hari a Luhansk da aka mamaye, fiye da mil 200 nesa. Babban injin piston na jirgin mara matuƙi yana yin ƙarar da aka saba da ita kamar ta babur, amma mai ƙarfafa harba shi ya bambanta. Ƙarar jet ɗin tana da amo, kusan da zafi. Wuta ta tashi zuwa nesa, kuma na ƙarshe yana nuna cewa ya kamata rundunar jiragen sama marasa matuƙi ta 413 Raid ta Ukraine ta tattara kayanta ta tafi.
Harba jirgin FP-2 a lokacin aikin zuwa Luhansk da aka mamaye.
Wannan yanayin yanzu yana faruwa kowane dare tare da ɗaruruwan ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata na Ukraine, yana nuna rikici mai saurin canzawa wanda ya fara da tankuna, sannan manyan bindigogi, amma yanzu yana wuce ƙarni na farko na jiragen sama marasa matuƙi. Mutuwa da lalacewa ana isar da su ta sabbin makamai a adadi mai girma, ɗaruruwan mil bayan layin gaba, a wuraren soja, masana'antu, da tattalin arziki waɗanda kuma suka shafi fararen hula. Amma kamar yadda Ukraine ta gina ƙarfin jiragen sama marasa matuƙi da makamai masu linzami kusan daidai da na Rasha—bayan an kai wa biranenta hari da ɗaruruwan hare-haren jiragen sama marasa matuƙi a rana—Moscow ta canza tarin makamanta na jiragen sama marasa matuƙi da juyin juya halin jet. Ma'aunin ƙarfi bai bayyana ba.
Matukan jiragen sama na rundunar jiragen sama marasa matuƙi ta 413 Raid suna shirya FP-2 don harbawa.
Raid ƙwararriyar ƙungiyar jiragen sama marasa matuƙi ce, wacce aka ƙirƙira shekaru biyu da suka wuce, kuma tana amfani da jiragen sama marasa matuƙi na hari na FP-2 da Ukraine ta ƙera kuma ta gina tun kaka da ta gabata, a cewar Skipper, tsohon ma'aikacin IT na kamfani mai digiri na biyu a kimiyyar kwamfuta wanda yanzu yana ɗaya daga cikin kwamandojinta. Idan, in ji shi, akwai ƙungiyar ma'aikata ɗaya kawai da za ta iya gudanar da ayyuka biyu a mako lokacin da suka fara, a yau in ji shi "za mu iya yin sau 10 fiye da haka, ko ma fiye da haka." Yana magana a cikin mota yayin da ruwan sama ke zubowa, Skipper ya yi gargaɗi cewa akwai "wani gefen" lokacin da aka tambaye shi ko yaƙe-yaƙe na nesa sun fi sauƙin yi saboda babu wanda dole a kashe a bayyane. "Su ma za su iya yin hakan," in ji shi—ma'aikatan Raid ma hari ne a kansu. "Wataƙila ba za ka ga abokin gaba da idanunka ba, amma duk da haka wasa ne mai haɗari sosai," in ji shi. FP-2 an fara amincewa da shi a bainar jama'a ne kawai a watan Satumba na shekarar da ta gabata. An ƙera shi don kai hari kan wurare masu ƙarfi a matsakaicin nesa, don tarwatsa hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki na Rasha zuwa layin gaba. Nasarar Raid da wasu da ke yin bama-bamai na tsakiya ya taimaka wajen rage ci gaban maharan zuwa kusan tsayawa. Rasha ta sami ƙaramin kilomita murabba'i 90 na Ukraine a watan Agusta, idan aka kwatanta da kilomita murabba'i 505 shekara guda da ta gabata, kuma jami'an yamma suna kiyasin cewa tana rasa ƙarin sojoji 6,000 a wata fiye da yadda za ta iya ɗauka.
Jadawalin jiragen sama marasa matuƙi da makamai masu linzami na Ukraine.
A cikin manyan sojojin Ukraine, ƙwararrun ƙungiyoyin jiragen sama marasa matuƙi na Sojojin Tsarin Mara Matuƙi, ciki har da rundunar Raid, suna aiki kuma suna haɗuwa da ƙungiyoyin sojoji da ke aiki kusa da layin gaba da sojoji na musamman. Babban hari, kamar harin da ya lalata matatar mai ta Moscow kusan mil 300 daga kan iyaka a ranar 20 ga Satumba, ya ƙunshi da yawa suna aiki a lokaci ɗaya. Harin nesa zai iya haɗawa da harba har zuwa jiragen sama marasa matuƙi 300, ko da yake manufar ita ce a iya harba 1,000 a dare, a cikin abin da sojoji suka kwatanta a matsayin "ƙungiyar kiɗa," inda jiragen sama marasa matuƙi masu arha ke gano hanyar iska zuwa ga manufa ta ƙarshe.
Wani ma'aikaci yana wucewa ta hayaƙi da ke tashi daga wuta a rukunin ajiya na kamfanin kasuwancin lantarki na Rasha Wildberries kusa da garin Podolsk, a wajen Moscow, a ranar 16 ga Agusta. Hoto: Tatyana Makeyeva/AFP/Getty Images.
FP-1 mai nesa, $75,000, 'yar'uwar FP-2, an yi amfani da ita don kai hari akai-akai kan ɗakunan ajiya, matatun mai da sauran wuraren soja da tattalin arziki a zurfin mil 1,800 cikin Rasha, wanda ya sa samar da ɗanyen mai na ƙasar ya ragu da kashi 7.7% a cikin shekara guda, a cewar alkaluma daga Hukumar Makamashi ta Duniya. da kuma ƙimar riba ta tsaya a 14%. "Bangarorin biyu suna ƙara ƙwarewa wajen juya hare-hare masu nisa zuwa lalacewar tattalin arziki," in ji Sidharth Kaushal na Cibiyar Sabis na Sarauta ta Haɗin Kai.
Matatar mai tana ƙonewa a Moscow bayan hare-haren jiragen sama marasa matuƙi na Ukraine, 21 ga Satumba. Hoto: EyePress News/Shutterstock
Ba safai ake nuna shirin aiki ba, amma ƙungiyar jiragen sama marasa matuƙi na ɗan gajeren nesa a gaban Donetsk na gabas – Unit 17, Cibiyar Ayyuka na Musamman – tana farin cikin nuna aikin yaƙinsu daga dakinsu na hutu. Znakhar, 33, mai rubuta manhaja kafin cikakken mamayewar Rasha, yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyar maza masu magana da Ingilishi a farkon shekarun 30. A rana, yana danna sabbin maƙasudai masu tsayawa – manyan bindigogi, tsarin toshewar lantarki – waɗanda aka ƙara zuwa tsarin da aka raba daga tauraron dan adam na yamma ko jiragen sama marasa matuƙi na leƙen asiri na Ukraine, yana nazarin hotunansu don ƙarin bayani.
Matukan jiragen sama na Unit 17, Cibiyar Ayyuka na Musamman, suna yin hoto kusa da jirgin Sych na tsakiya.
Wurin wucin gadi na matukan jiragen sama na Unit 17, Cibiyar Ayyuka na Musamman. Dama: 'jefa bama-bamai' Unit 17 da aka yi amfani da su don hare-haren tsakiya.
A dare, ma'aikatan suna amfani da jirgin Sych na $25,000, wanda yayi kama da babban jirgin sama samfurin. Idan ruwan sama bai sauka ba, za su iya tashi jiragen bama-bamai biyu zuwa shida, ɗaruruwan mil bayan layin abokan gaba. Znakhar, wanda alamar kiransa ke nufin mai warkarwa ko mai maganin ganye, yana zana hanyar tashi ta farko cikin daƙiƙa da 'yan dannawa a kan taswira, sannan ya daidaita hanyar don guje wa wuraren jama'a, tsaunuka da wuraren harba jiragen sama marasa matuƙi da aka sani. Me ya canza kwanan nan? "Ƙarin jiragen sama marasa matuƙi," in ji shi. "Jiragen sama marasa matuƙi na Rasha." Abokan aiki kamar Ananas, 30, suna fita da dare, suna yin ƙarin kariya fiye da yadda suka yi lokacin da ƙungiyar ta fara aikin jiragen sama marasa matuƙi shekaru biyu da suka wuce, suna shirya harbawa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa inda a da za su iya aiki a fili. Ya yi karatun gine-gine, sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin mai fasaha na 3D a ɗakin wasan bidiyo. "Ina yin wasannin bidiyo da yawa," in ji shi, "don haka na ƙware da gamepad. Babban ƙari ne saboda yanzu ni matukin jirgi ne." Rage tazara ce tsakanin almara da gaskiya.
A gefe guda, Moscow koyaushe tana da makamai masu linzami na ballistic da cruise, wanda ke ba ta damar kai hari a ko'ina cikin Ukraine tun Fabrairu 2022. Ta shigo da jiragen sama marasa matuƙi na Shahed masu fikafikan delta daga Iran a shekarar farko ta yaƙin don ƙarfafa adadin hare-harenta na nesa, kuma ta ƙera dangin jiragen sama marasa matuƙi masu arha na fagen daga da kuma nata nau'in Shahed. Amma tun Mayu an sami manyan haɓakawa, wanda ke ba sojojin Rasha damar kai wa Ukraine hari yadda ya kamata da sauri, jiragen sama marasa matuƙi masu injin jet, haɗe da sabon rashin tausayi na kai hari.
Masu kashe gobara suna aiki a wurin harin jirgin sama mara matuƙi na Rasha kan cibiyar kasuwanci ta Kyiv a ranar 23 ga Satumba.
"Rasha ba ta tsayawa," in ji Serhii Beskrestnov, mai ba da shawara kan fasahar tsaro na Volodymyr Zelenskyy, yayin wata hira a Kyiv da aka katse ta hanyar harin iska da fashe-fashe a nesa. Asalin Shahed na Iran mai fikafikan delta (wanda Rasha ke kira Geran-2) an sake tsara shi kuma an ƙara injin jet. Sabon Geran-4, mai fikafikan da suka fi dacewa da iska, yana tashi daga 300km/h (186mph) zuwa 550km/h, yayin da Geran-5 mai siffar sigari ya fi sauri, kusan 600km/h. Yana kama da sauri da sabon makami mai linzami mai haske, Banderol. Hasashen shi ne Rasha za ta ƙera jet Shaheds 36,000 a 2027, ƙarin Banderols 10,000, da makamai masu linzami masu arha iri ɗaya, Dan-T. Duk ana iya amfani da su don kai hari kan tsarin wutar lantarki, dumama da ruwa na Ukraine da suka gaji a wannan hunturu.
Jadawalin jiragen sama marasa matuƙi da makamai masu linzami na Rasha.
Sabbin makaman, waɗanda injinan Telefly ɗinsu aka yi a China, sun fi sauri fiye da masu tsangwama na Ukraine, waɗanda aka ƙera don dakatar da tsoffin Shahed Geran-2 masu injin piston. Adadin tsangwamar Shahed, wanda a da ya fi 90%, ya ragu zuwa 60% a kan sabbin samfuran Rasha, tare da sakamako da ake iya tsammani.
Sakamakon harin Rasha kan ajiyar harsashi a ƙauyen Myla, yankin Kyiv, a watan Agusta.
Haɗe da jet da na gargajiya, jiragen sama marasa matuƙi masu injin jet sun harba wani hari na safiya da ba kasafai ba kan tsakiyar Kyiv ranar Laraba, suna bama-bamai a wata kasuwa kusa da babban tashar jirgin ƙasa da gundumar kasuwanci, sun kashe mutane biyu kuma sun raunata 41. A ƙarshen Agusta, jirgin Geran-4 ya buge wani ajiyar harsashi a Myla, wajen Kyiv, ya kashe mutane 38 kuma ya lalata gidaje na kusa. Wani kuma ya buge hukumar leƙen asiri ta cikin gida ta SBU a tsakiyar Kyiv, ko da yake mai yiwuwa wani wakilin Rasha a ƙasa ya jagorance shi a matakinsa na ƙarshe. Kayan abinci a manyan shagunan Kyiv ba su da daidaito bayan hare-hare akai-akai kan ɗakunan ajiya a watan Agusta; an kai hari kan gidajen mai a babban birnin a farkon Satumba.
Sakamakon harin jirgin sama mara matuƙi mai injin jet na Rasha irin na Geran-5 kan gidan mai na Ukrnafta a gundumar Holosiivskyi na Kyiv, 15 ga Satumba. Hoto: Libkos/Getty Images
Farfagandar soja ta Ukraine tana da kyau sosai wajen nuna ayyukan da suka yi nasara a kafofin watsa labarun, amma babban tasirin hare-haren jiragen sama marasa matuƙi na ta kan Rasha ya fi wuya a gani. "A wannan bazara mun sami gudu mai kyau sosai kuma kusan kowane dare muna iya ganin ɗaya, biyu, uku, huɗu tsarin an lalata su," in ji Skipper. "Tun daga Yuni, Yuli, suna ɓoyewa kawai." Wasu majiyoyin soja na Ukraine sun jaddada cewa Rasha ta inganta ƙarfin toshewarta, kuma jiragen sama marasa matuƙi masu arha na hari ba su da daidaito yanzu. A cikin wannan yaƙin nesa, asarar fararen hula na ƙaruwa. Sabbin alkaluma na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun nuna an kashe mutane 2,222 a Ukraine a cikin watanni takwas na farko na 2026, fiye da duk shekarar 2025. A watan Agusta, an kashe 368 a Ukraine kuma an ruwaito wasu 113 sun mutu a Rasha. An kai hari kan ɗakunan ajiya na manyan shagunan Ukraine, sabis ɗin gidan waya na Nova Poshta da kamfanonin kasuwancin lantarki aƙalla sau 32. An bama-bamai ɗakunan ajiya na Wildberries da Ozon a Rasha sau 17 da Ukraine.
Masu kashe gobara a wani ɗakin ajiya a yankin Kyiv bayan harin Rasha.
Tasirin zai iya zama mafi wahala ga Ukraine. "Rasha tana da fa'idodi da Ukraine ba ta da su," in ji Kaushal. "Ƙarin nau'ikan makamai masu nesa daban-daban, ƙarin hanyar sadarwar tsaron iska da ƙarin sassauci a matsayin al'umma, saboda mutanenta ba su fuskanci matsi mai yawa na dogon lokaci ba." Ukraine, a halin yanzu, tana fuskantar matsin tattalin arziki a lokacin da kasafin yaƙinta ya wuce gona da iri kuma tana buƙatar samun ƙarin £40bn a shekara mai zuwa. Duk da haka, ko da yake yaƙin yana ƙaruwa yayin da fasaha ke canzawa, babu wani bangare da ke kusa da shan kashi ko rikici. Gwaje-gwaje za su zo idan Rasha ta yi ƙoƙarin tattara har zuwa maza 300,000 bayan zaɓen majalisa – kuma yayin da Ukraine ke ƙoƙarin sake samun kuɗi kuma, mafi gaggawa, ta tsallake hunturu. A cikin dakinsu na sojoji, Ananas da Znakhar suna mamakin ko yaƙin zai taɓa ƙarewa. "Wani lokaci ina jin wannan ji," Ananas ya yarda, sannan Znakhar ya shigo: "Muna buƙatar jurewa kwana ɗaya fiye da su kawai."
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi Yaƙin Jiragen Sama Mara Matuƙi na Nesa Tsakanin Ukraine da Rasha
1 Menene yaƙin jiragen sama marasa matuƙi na nesa
Yaƙin da ke gudana tsakanin Ukraine da Rasha don kai hari kan maƙasudai nesa bayan layin gaba ta amfani da jiragen sama marasa matuƙi – sau da yawa ɗaruruwan kilomita nesa – maimakon kawai faɗa tanki-da-tanki a fagen daga
2 Wadanne nau'ikan jiragen sama marasa matuƙi ake amfani da su
Manyan nau'i biyu: jiragen sama marasa matuƙi na hari na kamikaze na hanya ɗaya waɗanda ke faɗa cikin maƙasudai da abubuwan fashewa, da jiragen sama marasa matuƙi na leƙen asiri na nesa waɗanda ke gano maƙasudai don makamai masu linzami ko wasu jiragen sama marasa matuƙi
3 Me ya sa jiragen sama marasa matuƙi suke da muhimmanci sosai a wannan yaƙi
Suna da arha, da wuya a harbe su, kuma suna iya buga maƙasudai masu zurfi ba tare da jefa matukai cikin haɗari ba. Jirgin sama mara matuƙi da ke kashe 'yan dubban daloli zai iya lalata kayan aiki na miliyoyin
4 Nawa nesa jiragen sama marasa matuƙi za su iya tashi
Yawancin jiragen sama marasa matuƙi na hari suna daga kusan kilomita 300 zuwa 1500. Ukraine ta buga maƙasudai sama da kilomita 1000 cikin Rasha ciki har da matatun mai da sansanonin jiragen sama
5 Me ya sa ake kiransa gasar neman iko da sararin sama
Babu wani bangare da zai iya tashi jirage masu matukai cikin aminci a kan yankin ɗayan saboda yawan tsaron iska. Don haka bangarorin biyu suna amfani da jiragen sama marasa matuƙi don fafatawa a sararin sama da kai hari daga nesa maimakon
6 Menene aka fi amfani da jiragen sama marasa matuƙi don kai hari
Kayan more rayuwa na makamashi, matatun mai, sansanonin jiragen sama, masana'antun makamai, tsarin radar da cibiyoyin samar da kayayyaki na soja
7 Yaya ƙasashe suke karewa daga waɗannan jiragen sama marasa matuƙi
Da tsaro mai yadudduka: radar don gano su, toshewar lantarki don tarwatsa kewayawa da masu tsangwama masu arha – bindigogi, makamai masu linzami da ma wasu jiragen sama marasa matuƙi – don harbe su
8 Me ya sa jiragen sama marasa matuƙi suke da wuya a tsayar da su
Suna tashi ƙasa da sannu, an yi su da kayan arha kuma sau da yawa ana harba su cikin manyan raƙuman ruwa. Masu tsaro na iya kashe makami mai linzami na 500,000 don saukar da jirgin sama mara matuƙi na 20,000 wanda ba zai dore ba
9 Menene rawar yaƙin lantarki
Toshe siginar GPS da rediyo na iya sa jiragen sama marasa matuƙi su rasa hanya ko su faɗi. Bangarorin biyu suna ƙara haɓaka toshewarsu da magance toshewa kullum yana mai da shi tseren fasaha mai saurin motsi
10 Ba za Rasha ta iya amfani da sojojin samanta kawai ba
Rasha tana da ƙarin jirage amma tsaron iska na Ukraine yana sa tashi mai zurfi cikin yankin Ukraine da haɗari sosai. Jiragen sama marasa matuƙi suna ba Rasha damar kai hari ba tare da rasa jirage masu tsada da matukai ba
