Idan ka tattara duk waɗannan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa tare dangane da kwararar ruwa, shi ne mafi girma a Ireland, kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan tsarin ruwa a duniya," in ji Dr. Benjamin Thébaudeau, masanin ilimin ƙasa na sabon wurin da UNESCO ta keɓe na Joyce Country da Western Lakes Geopark a yammacin Ireland.
A cikin ƴan kwanaki, na gano cewa wannan babban tsarin maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na farar ƙasa da koguna na ƙarƙashin ƙasa shine injin da ke tafiyar da wannan yanayin ƙasa, kamar yadda tsarin jirgin ƙasa na ƙarƙashin ƙasa ke tafiyar da birni. Wuri ne inda koguna ke ɓacewa cikin tsage-tsagen farar ƙasa da tafkunan ƙarƙashin ƙasa, kuma inda hanyoyi ke karkata ta cikin kwaruruka da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye a ƙarƙashin tsaunukan da wuta da ƙanƙara suka siffata.
Hakanan yanki ne mai kyan gani da ciyayi na yammacin Ireland wanda ya shahara wajen jawo Hollywood zuwa ƙauyen Cong don fim ɗin **The Quiet Man** a shekarar 1952. Tafiya ta cikin geopark daga tsakiyar County Galway zuwa kudancin County Mayo, na zauna a Cong, wanda ainihin tsibiri ne na cikin ƙasa tsakanin Lough Mask da Lough Corrib. Ƙauyen ya sami sunansa daga kalmar Irish ma'anar "ƙunƙun," yana nufin yanayin ƙasarsa mai ruwa da ƙunƙun da kuma tarin maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da ke tashi da faɗuwa a ɓoye a ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
Harshen yana gudana ta cikin yanayin ƙasa a matsayin wani tsari mai zurfi tare da dutse, ruwa, da ƙasa.
Ruwa yana ko'ina kuma ba safai yake tsayawa ba. Yana fita daga Lough Mask ta cikin ramukan haɗiye, sannan yana tafiya ba a gani na mil da yawa ta cikin tsage-tsagen farar ƙasa a ƙarƙashin Cong, daga ƙarshe ya sake fitowa sama a matsayin maɓuɓɓugan ruwa masu sanyi a kusa da ƙauyen.
"Idan ka duba a tsakiya, za ka ga kwararar ruwa tana tafiya ta gaba da juna," in ji Benjamin, yana nuna allunan bayanai zuwa ga magudanan ruwa inda ya fara lura da wannan al'amari. "Muna kiranta da Hatchery saboda alaƙarta da kifin daji, kuma maɓuɓɓugan ruwa suna tashi a can, daidai a tsakiya."
Amma da sauri na gane cewa ba wai kawai yanayin karst na geopark da kwaruruka na glacial ne ke ba shi irin wannan hali na musamman ba. A cikinsa akwai Gaeltacht mai rai inda har yanzu ake amfani da harshen Irish a rayuwar yau da kullum, wanda ya kafu cikin sunayen wurare, tattaunawar gida, da kuma zaman dare a gidan Burke's Bar (Tí Bhúrca) na ƙarni na uku a kusa da Clonbur. Harshen yana gudana ta cikin yanayin ƙasa a matsayin wani tsari mai zurfi tare da dutse, ruwa, da ƙasa.
Gidan sufi na Augustine a Cong an kafa shi a ƙarƙashin ikon sarautar Gaelic, amma rufaffun ginshiƙan dutsensa na nuna zurfin tasirin gine-gine da Norman suka bari daga baya. A ƙarni na 12, Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair (wanda aka sani da Rory O'Connor), sarkin ƙarshe na Ireland, ya shafe shekaru 15 na ƙarshe a cikin waɗannan katanga bayan rugujewar siyasa a Connacht, yana neman wurin natsuwa inda kogin ya haɗu da dazuzzuka. Ƙarnuka bayan haka, igiyoyin iko sun canza da ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin mulkin Tudor. An rusa gidan sufi, kuma Sir Richard Bingham, shahararren shugaban lardin Connacht, ya mayar da Ashford Castle cibiyar gudanarwa mai ban tsoro, ya ja hankalin siyasar yankin zuwa Cong na ɗan lokaci kafin iko ya koma yamma. An sayi katangar a shekarar 1852 ta dangin Guinness da kuɗin da suka samu daga kwararar giyar baƙar fata a duniya. Sun mayar da rugujewar katangar ta zamanin da zuwa babban gidan farauta na Victoria, wurin shakatawa na alfarma da muke gani a yau.
Gidan kayan tarihi na The Quiet Man an naɗa shi Taskar Al'adun Fina-Finan Turai, tare da shirye-shiryen bikin cika shekaru 75 na fim ɗin a Cong shekara mai zuwa.
Kamar yanayin geopark ɗin kanta, waɗannan alamomin dutse suna nan, amma suna canza siffarsu akai-akai, suna nuna rayuwar al'adu mai canzawa ta ƙauyen Cong. A Gidan Kayan Tarihi na The Quiet Man, mai kula da kayan tarihi Lisa Collins ta yi magana game da jan hankalin fim ɗin John Ford. Baƙi masu zuwa hutun amarci har yanzu suna zuwa sanye da kayan Sean Thornton (John Wayne ya taka) da Mary Kate Danaher (Maureen O'Hara), ta ce, suna shiga wani nau'in Ireland wanda ya daɗe fiye da fim ɗin—har ma da ƙasar kanta. An naɗa shi Taskar Al'adun Fina-Finan Turai ta Cibiyar Fina-Finan Turai, kuma akwai shirye-shiryen bikin cika shekaru 75 na fim ɗin a Cong shekara mai zuwa.
[Hoto: Gidan kayan tarihi na The Quiet Man a Cong, Co Mayo. Hoton: Image Source Limited/Alamy]
Daga cikin abubuwan da aka nuna akwai sandar kamun kifi da limamin ƙauyen ya yi amfani da ita yayin yin fim ɗin a Kogin Cong. An ajiye kayan aikin na shekaru da yawa a hannun dangin mai sauti Thomas A. Carman kafin a ba da shi gidan kayan tarihi. Yana kawo rayuwa ga ɗayan shahararrun wuraren ban dariya na fim ɗin. A wannan lokacin mai tunawa, Mary Kate ta yi magana da harshen Irish ga Uba Peter Lonergan yayin da yake ƙoƙarin kama wani kifi mai suna salmon mai wuyar gaske. Tsaye a bakin ruwa, ta bayyana da matsananciyar damuwa cewa ta ƙi kwana da mijinta yayin da yake kwana a cikin "mála codlata"—wanda ke nufin buhun barci.
Amfani da harshen Irish ya ba da damar tattaunawar ta canza zuwa wani salo daban, ta wuce masu tacewa na 1952, yayin da har yanzu ana fahimtar ta sosai a Gaeltacht inda aka yi fim ɗin. Yana aiki a matsayin wani nau'in rufewa, yana barin ma'ana ta zauna a ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
Wannan duniyar ɓoye ta zama gaskiya a tsarin kogon Pigeon Hole kusa da ƙauyen. Ƙofar tana faɗuwa da ƙarfi cikin farar ƙasa ta kan matakai masu sheki da suka lalace, tana kaiwa ga wani ƙunƙuntaccen rami. A ƙasa, wani kogi mai zurfi na ƙarƙashin ƙasa yana tafiya cikin duhu, ba ya taɓa hasken rana.
A nan ne tatsuniyar Farin Trout na Cong ta samo asali a kusa da ruwa. Labarin ya ba da labarin wata budurwa da ta ɓace bayan an kashe masoyinta, kuma ba da daɗewa ba, wani farin trout mai tsabta ya bayyana a cikin kogon. Yana kama da kifin tatsuniya na Uba Lonergan a cikin **The Quiet Man**, kuma kamar kowane abu a Joyce Country da Western Lakes, wani ɓangare ne na tatsuniya da kuma ɓangare na gaskiya.
Benjamin ya lura cewa wasu sassan tatsuniyar ba za su iya zama gaba ɗaya daban da lura na gaske ba. Kifin da ke rayuwa na tsararraki a cikin duhu cikakke na iya rasa launinsu a kan lokaci, suna zama kodadde ko ma fari saboda yanayin su. Ta wannan ma'ana, labarin bai rabu da ilimin ƙasa ba. Wata gaskiya ita ce kamun kifi har yanzu yana da mahimmanci a nan, a matsayin aiki da kuma al'ada.
[Hoto: Rugujewar gida da kadarorin MP kuma mai sayar da giya George Henry Moore, wanda ya ciyar da kuma ceci masu hayarsa daga yunwa a lokacin Babban Yunwa. Hoton: Eimantas Juskevicius/Alamy]
Kusa da Ashford Castle, wani wurin kyankyashe kifi na salmon yana ƙoƙarin tallafawa raguwar kifin daji. Ruwan sanyi da ke fitowa daga tafkunan ya kamata ya taimaka wajen kiyaye yawan kifin, amma matsin lamba na muhalli yana ƙaruwa.
"Wataƙila muna yaƙi da yaƙin da ba za mu ci nasara ba," in ji Benjamin.
Canjin yanayi, dumamar teku, da ƙara matsin lamba kan tsarin koguna duk suna shafar kifin salmon na Atlantika na daji. Trout sun fi juriya, suna ciyar da rayuwarsu a cikin ruwan gida kamar Loughs Mask da Corrib maimakon yin hijira zuwa teku.
Amma yayin da yanayin zamani ke canzawa, yanayin ƙasa har yanzu yana riƙe da tsofaffin tarihi a zurfafa daban-daban. A cikin ƙasa a Carnacon, rugujewar babban gidan Moore Hall yana tashi sama da Lough Carra daga cikin dazuzzuka masu mamayewa. Ɗaya daga cikin ƴan kadarorin da mallakar Katolika ke da shi a lokacin, gidan ya zama mai alaƙa da MP na zamanin Babban Yunwa George Henry Moore da zuriyarsa masu ban sha'awa, ciki har da marubuci George Augustus Moore. A yau, yana tsaye a ɓangarorin da suka ruguje bayan an lalata shi a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa, amma dazuzzukan da ke kewaye sun sha shi maimakon share shi. Hanyoyi suna karkata ta cikin abin da ya taɓa zama kadarorin da aka sarrafa a hankali, suna shiga wuraren da tsarin kadarorin har yanzu yana nan a ƙarƙashin gansakuka da tushen itatuwa.
Ruwa yana ɓacewa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa kafin ya sake fitowa a wani wuri. Kadarori sun zama ruguje. Ruguje sun zama dazuzzuka. Harshe yana ɗaukar ma'ana a ƙarƙashin ma'ana. Labarai suna rayuwa ta hanyar canza siffa.
Ba da nisa ba a Ballinrobe, wani nau'in tunawa da tarihi ya kafu cikin harshe kansa. A nan ne Kyaftin Charles Boycott, wakilin ƙasa na Lord Erne, a lokacin Yaƙin Ƙasa na 1879, ya zama abin da aka mayar da hankali kan juriyar ma'aikata da aka shirya. Sunansa ya shiga cikin ƙamus na duniya a matsayin fi'ili, ya rabu da tushensa na gida amma har yanzu yana da alaƙa da wannan yanayin ƙasa na ƙasa da tunani mai jayayya. Moore Hall da Ballinrobe suna da ɗan tazara kaɗan, amma tare suna nuna bangarori daban-daban na matsin lamba iri ɗaya: mallaka, juriya, gado, da kuma sake siffata ma'ana a hankali a kan lokaci.
A cikin ƙasa zuwa yamma, a Connemara, yanayin ƙasa yana canzawa sosai yayin da yake kaiwa ga Tekun Atlantika. A Killary Fjord, ƙasar ta buɗe ba zato ba tsammani zuwa ruwa mai zurfi, wani yanke na glacial wanda ya raba Connemara da Mayo. A nan, asirin yanayin ƙasa ya fito fili. Fjord yana nuna ilimin ƙasa kai tsaye, yana nuna ƙarfin da ƙanƙara ta taɓa sassaƙa ta cikin ƙasa.
[Duba hoto cikin cikakken allo: Lough Mask a County Mayo. Hoton: David Lyons/Alamy]
A kudu, Kylemore Abbey yana bayyana a kan gangaren dutse sama da Pollacappul Lough. An gina shi da farko a matsayin gida mai zaman kansa kuma daga baya ya zama gidan sufi na Benedictine, yana ɗaukar wani labari mai yawa na daidaitawa da asara. Kamar Moore Hall, yana nuna canjin mallaka da asali, kodayake a nan yanayin ƙasa yana nuna shi daidai a cikin ruwan tsaye.
A cikin waɗannan wurare, daga Cong zuwa Moore Hall, daga Ballinrobe zuwa Killary, alamu suna maimaitawa a cikin siffofi da aka canza. Ruwa yana ɓacewa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa kafin ya sake fitowa a wani wuri. Kadarori sun zama ruguje. Ruguje sun zama dazuzzuka. Harshe yana ɗaukar ma'ana a ƙarƙashin ma'ana. Labarai suna rayuwa ta hanyar canza siffa.
Komawa zuwa Cong, yanzu na fahimta sosai yadda ya dace da wani babban tsari na kwararar ƙasa, matsin lamba na tarihi, da gado na al'ada. Abin da ke haɗa wannan yanki ba shine tsayawa ba, amma motsi a ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
Kuma sama da Lough Nafooey (wanda kuma ake kira Lough Finny), ba da nisa ba daga lanƙwasa masu kaifi da aka sassaƙa a saman toka mai aman wuta na Aill Dubh (Black Cliff), bayan da hanya ta ƙunƙunta cikin shiru kuma, kiran cuckoo ya ratsa tsaunuka, yana nuna lokaci a cikin yanayin ƙasa wanda ba ya maimaita kansa sau biyu.
An samar da masauki ta Michaeleen's Manor B&B a Cong, County Mayo (twins da doubles €115 B&B, singles €70), da Leenane Hotel a County Galway (doubles daga €120 B&B).
**Tambayoyi da Aka Yi Yawa**
Anan akwai jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawa game da yanayin sihiri na Yammacin Ireland inda kogunan farar ƙasa, tatsuniyoyin Hollywood, da tatsuniyoyin Irish suka haɗu
**Tambayoyi na Matakin Farko**
1. Menene ainihin abin da ke sa yanayin ƙasa a Yammacin Ireland ya zama mai sihiri?
Haɗin kai na musamman na farar ƙasa mai tsauri, koguna masu ban mamaki da ke ɓacewa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, tsaunuka masu hazo, da zurfin tarihi—inda kowane dutse yana da alama yana da labari ko tatsuniya a kansa.
2. Menene kogunan farar ƙasa?
Waɗannan koguna ne da ke gudana a kan ko ta cikin babban dutsen farar ƙasa. A wurare da yawa, ruwa yana nutsewa cikin tsage-tsage kuma yana gudana a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, yana haifar da ɓoyayyun koguna da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa. Yanayin Pavement na iya zama kamar ba na duniya ba.
3. Me yasa tatsuniyoyin Hollywood ke da alaƙa da wannan ɓangaren Ireland?
Yanayin ban mamaki da ba a taɓa shi ba na Yammacin Ireland ya kasance wurin yin fina-finai da yawa, musamman The Quiet Man da sassan Harry Potter da Star Wars. Yanayin ƙasar kansa sau da yawa yana jin kamar saitin fim.
4. Menene wasu shahararrun tatsuniyoyin Irish daga wannan yanki?
Wannan shine tsakiyar zagayowar tatsuniyoyi. Labarai sun haɗa da tatsuniyar Children of Lir, jarumi Fionn mac Cumhaill, da aljanu da ke zaune a cikin tsoffin katangar dutse da koguna.
5. Shin wuri ne mai kyau ga mai farawa tafiya?
E, amma da taka tsantsan. Akwai tafiye-tafiye masu laushi na bakin teku da hanyoyi masu lebur ta cikin Burren. Duk da haka, ƙasar na iya zama mara daidaituwa sosai kuma mai zamewa a kan farar ƙasa. Koyaushe ka bi hanyoyin da aka yi alama kuma ka sa takalma masu ƙarfi.
**Tambayoyi na Matsakaici**
6. Ta yaya kogunan farar ƙasa ke shafar namun daji da tsire-tsire na gida?
Ruwan alkaline daga farar ƙasa yana haifar da wurin zama na musamman. Kana samun furanni masu wuyar gaske na tsaunuka da na Arctic suna girma kusa da tsire-tsire na Mediterranean. Kogunan ƙarƙashin ƙasa suna haifar da koguna masu sanyi da duhu waɗanda ke gida ga kwari da jemagu na musamman.
7. Menene Burren kuma me yasa yake da mahimmanci?
Burren babban yanki ne mai kama da wata na farar ƙasa da aka fashe. Ya shahara da dutse mai albarka—haɗin furannin daji, orchids, da ganyaye da ke tsiro kai tsaye daga dutse. Yana da UNESCO Global Geopark.
