A cikin wani fage daga Landmarks, sabon shirin gaskiya na mai shirya fina-finan Argentina Lucrecia Martel, wani jagoran yawon buɗe ido yana nuna wa yara wani zane a saman rufin wani cocin Katolika. Yana kwatanta yadda "’yan asalin ƙasar suka yi ƙoƙarin kutsawa cikin birni." "Dubi yadda waɗannan mala’iku suka yi yaƙi don hana su shiga, kuma suka aiko waɗannan haskoki don tsoratar da su," in ji jagoran.
Fage na gaba yana nuna ’yan asalin yankin—ciki har da wani yaro da aka yi masa baftisma a wannan cocin—suna kallon hotunan yawon buɗe ido a wayar hannu. Daya daga cikinsu ya ce, "Jin sa [jagoran], za ka gane yadda ya gamsu cewa ko Allah yana son ya shafe mu gaba ɗaya."
Landmarks shine shirin gaskiya na farko na Martel. Ya mayar da hankali kan wani lamari—kisan wani shugaban ’yan asalin ƙasar a wata takaddamar ƙasa a shekara ta 2009—domin magance wata babbar matsala mai daɗewa.
"Al’ummar Argentina ba su da alaƙa da al’amuran ’yan asalin ƙasar," in ji Martel, mai shekaru 59. "Wannan ƙasa ta yi duk abin da za ta iya don guje wa amincewa da haƙƙoƙin al’ummomin ’yan asalin."
An san Martel da fina-finan almara kamar Zama (2017) da The Headless Woman (2008). Ta shafe kimanin shekaru 15 tana aiki a kan Landmarks, wanda ya lashe Mafi kyawun Fim a bikin Fina-Finan London na BFI na bara. Fim ɗin ya ta’allaka ne a kan Javier Chocobar, wani mai fafutuka kuma shugaban mutanen Diaguita daga al’ummar Chuschagasta a lardin Tucumán. Yana da shekaru 68 lokacin da aka harbe shi a kan ƙasarsa a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2009.
Wani daga cikin waɗanda ake zargi, ɗan kasuwan ma’adinai Darío Luis Amín, ne ya yi fim ɗin kisan. Ya yi iƙirarin mallakar ƙasar kuma ya zo al’ummar tare da tsoffin jami’an ’yan sanda biyu, Luis Humberto Gómez da Eduardo José del Milagro Valdivieso Sassi. Hotunan sun nuna farkon gardama tsakaninsu da membobin al’ummar ’yan asalin, da lokacin da Gómez ya buɗe wuta a kan mutum ɗaya. Bayan haka, Amín ya daina yin fim ɗin rikicin, kuma an ji ƙarin harbe-harbe takwas. Mutanen uku da ake zargi suna da makamai; babu wani daga cikin ’yan asalin da yake da shi. Chocobar ya mutu, kuma wasu membobin al’ummar an harbe su amma sun tsira.
Martel ta ci karo da bidiyon a YouTube yayin bincike kan Zama, wani fim na zamani game da mulkin mallaka na Spain a ƙarni na 18 a gabar tekun Paraguay. Ta fara bincika takaddamar ƙasa mai daɗewa tsakanin al’ummar Chuschagasta da iyalai waɗanda ba ’yan asalin ba waɗanda su ma suka yi iƙirarin mallakar ƙasar. Tunanin yin shirin gaskiya game da shi ya zo da kansa, in ji ta. "Da farko, ina so in taimaki al’ummar ta hanyar gina tarihin ajiya, daga baya kuma na fara tunanin yin fim."
Shari’ar ta ɗauki kusan shekaru tara kafin ta fara, kuma lokacin da ta fara, Martel da tawagarta suna can. "Yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi ban mamaki da na taɓa gani," in ji ta game da kwanakin sauraron karar 14 da ta halarta. Ta lura cewa "wariyar launin fata ga ’yan asalin ƙasar" ta bayyana a lokacin shari’ar, "musamman ta hanyar son rai, ɗaukar su kamar yara, da ra’ayin cewa gwamnati ta yanke shawarar yadda za a sarrafa albarkatun al’ummomin ’yan asalin."
Shirin gaskiya yana nuna lokutan da ba wai kawai kasancewar al’ummar Chuschagasta na ƙarni da yawa aka yi tambaya ba, har ma da wanzuwar ’yan asalin Argentina. Martel ta ce wannan gogewa ba ta keɓanta ga Diaguita ba. "A makaranta, ba mu koyi komai game da al’ummomin ’yan asalin ko haƙƙoƙinsu ba," in ji mai shirya fim ɗin, wadda aka haifa a Salta, lardin da ke kusa da Tucumán a arewa.
"Kana ganin maza suna tsoron yin fina-finai game da mata, mata kuma ba su da tabbacin kan abubuwan da aka yarda su yi magana a kai."
Martel ta yi imanin cewa wariyar launin fata ga ’yan asalin ƙasar Argentina—waɗanda ke da kusan kashi 3% na yawan jama’a bisa ga ƙidayar 2022—yana da alaƙa da yadda ƙasar ke kallon kanta da gabatar da kanta: a matsayin ƙasa "fara". Argentina ta kasance mai siffata ta hanyar shige-fice na Turai, amma sauran kabilu galibi ana watsi da su. "Kullum muna yin kamar ba mu cikin Latin Amurka... Argentina na buƙatar barin wannan tunanin na zama ƙasar Turai da ba ta wanzu ba," in ji ta.
Martel fara ce kuma ba ta ga matsala ba game da yin fim da ya mayar da hankali kan al’amuran ’yan asalin. Ta yarda cewa "shekaru 120 na farko na sinima" galibi ’yan tsirarun maza farare ne daga "matsakaicin matsayi na manyan iyalai" suka mamaye, kuma tana maraba da cewa mutane daga wasu "al’adu" yanzu suna sa masana’antar ta zama "mai bambanta don haka mafi wadata." Duk da haka, ta ƙara da cewa "maganganun game da mallakar al’adu sun kuma haifar da wata matsala," musamman a tsakanin matasa masu son shirya fina-finai.
"Kana ganin maza suna tsoron yin fina-finai game da mata, mata ba su da tabbacin kan abubuwan da aka yarda su yi magana a kai, kowa yana ƙoƙarin gano abin da ya halatta ya yi magana a kai. Na fahimci wannan damuwa [game da mallakar al’adu], kuma ya kamata mu yi ta, amma ba za mu iya daina tattauna al’amuran zamaninmu ba saboda kawai jaruman ba su yi rayuwa irin tamu ba," in ji ta.
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Yanzu da zagayen tallan fim ɗin ya ƙare, Martel za ta mika haƙƙoƙin ga al’ummar Chuschagasta, waɗanda su ma suka fara ganin shirin gaskiya da aka kammala. A ƙarshen shari’ar, an yanke wa mutanen uku da ake zargi hukunci. Sun daukaka kara kuma an bar su su kasance cikin ’yanci yayin da ake jiran ƙarar. A shekara ta 2021, Amín ya mutu daga Covid. A ƙarshen shekarar da ta gabata, kotun koli ta sake ba da umarnin daure tsoffin jami’an ’yan sanda biyu.
A halin yanzu, al’ummar Chuschagasta har yanzu suna gwagwarmayar neman amincewar gwamnati a hukumance ga ƙasarsu. Ko da yake shari’ar tana da mahimmanci ga labarin, Martel ta ce Landmarks ba fim ne game da wata al’umma ta musamman ba, amma game da "rikici na tarihi da kuma kwace ƙasashen ’yan asalin a Argentina."
"Na yi wannan fim ne domin ina so in ba da gudummawa ga tarihin ƙasarmu, da kuma lafiyar al’ummar Argentina, wadda ta ɗauki wannan matsala tsawon lokaci mai yawa: ta hanyar rashin kula, musu, da kuma shakku akai-akai game da wanzuwa ko halaccin iƙirarin ’yan asalin." Landmarks yana nunawa a Bertha DocHouse, London, daga 29 ga Mayu.
Tambayoyi da Aka Yi Yawa
Ga jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawa bisa bayanin Lucrecia Martel game da Argentina da labarin kisan
Tambayoyi na Matakin Farko
Q Wanene Lucrecia Martel
A Ita ce shahararriyar darektan fina-finan Argentina da aka sani da fina-finai kamar The Headless Woman da Zama
Q Me ta ce game da Argentina
A Ta ce Argentina na buƙatar daina mafarkin zama ƙasar Turai Tana nufin Argentina ya kamata ta daina kwafin Turai maimakon ta karɓi asalinta na Latin Amurka
Q Wane labarin kisa take magana a kai
A Tana nufin kisan Facundo Castro a shekara ta 2020, wani matashi a Chubut, Argentina wanda ’yan sanda suka kashe a lokacin zanga-zanga Mutuwarsa ta haifar da fushi a ƙasar
Q Me yasa ta danganta kisa da mafarkin Turai na Argentina
A Ta yi jayayya cewa sha’awar Argentina na zama Turai yana sa ta yi watsi da talauci, wariyar launin fata, da tashin hankalin ’yan sanda Kisan Facundo Castro, in ji ta, yana nuna gaskiyar mummuna da mafarkin Turai ke ƙoƙarin ɓoyewa
Tambayoyi na Matsakaicin Mataki
Q Me ake nufi da mafarkin zama ƙasar Turai a aikace
A Yana nufin Argentina sau da yawa tana kallon Turai don al’adunta, gine-gine, abinci, har ma da asalin launin fata Yawancin ’yan Argentina suna ganin kansu a matsayin farare da Turai maimakon a matsayin ’yan Latin Amurka, wanda zai iya haifar da wariya ga ’yan asalin da masu haɗaɗɗiyar jini
Q Yaya wannan mafarkin Turai yake shafar rayuwar yau da kullum a Argentina
A Yana haifar da jin fifiko a kan sauran ƙasashen Latin Amurka amma kuma rashin kwanciyar hankali mai zurfi Yana iya sa mutane su musanta matsaloli kamar wariyar launin fata, rashin daidaito, da tashin hankalin ’yan sanda saboda waɗannan ba su dace da hoton Turai da suke so su nuna ba
Q Shin Martel tana cewa Argentina ta ƙi Turai
A A’a Tana cewa Argentina ta daina yin kamar ita ce Turai Tana son ƙasar ta fuskanci tarihinta, gwagwarmaya, da bambancinta da gaskiya maimakon bin tunanin kirki
Q Wane kisa ne ya zaburar da bayaninta
A Kisan Facundo Castro a shekara ta 2020
