Masu sha'awar ƙwallon ƙafa sun san cewa a shekara ta 1930, Uruguay ta karbi bakuncin kuma ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta farko. Amma abin da ba a sani ba shi ne labarin diflomasiyya da ke bayan yadda kasar ta shiga fagen wasanni na duniya. A cikin shekarun 1920, ministan harkokin wajen Uruguay—wanda kuma ya jagoranci daya daga cikin kungiyoyin kwallon kafa biyu masu hamayya a kasar—ya yi aiki tare da wani jami'in diflomasiyya a Switzerland don ganin an amince da kungiyarsa ta hanyar shiga FIFA. Wannan jami'in diflomasiyya kuma ya shigar da Uruguay gasar wasan kwallon kafa ta Olympics a shekara ta 1924 a Paris, wadda ta zama babban mataki na kwallon kafa a duniya. Wannan ya haifar da firgici a gida: babu wanda ya yi tsammanin zai yi hakan, kuma babu wanda ya san yadda za su biya kudinsa. Wani jami'in kungiyar ya yi amfani da gidansa a matsayin jingina don samun rance don biyan kudin tafiyar tawagar ta tekun Atlantika.
Da zarar sun isa Turai, Uruguay ta yi saurin jan hankalin mutane. Da farko, sun buga wasanni tara na sada zumunci a Spain, sannan a gasar Olympics, sun zama abin jan hankali mafi girma. Shahararren marubuci Colette ma an tura shi gidan da Uruguay ke zaune don ya rubuta ra'ayinsa ga jaridar Le Matin. Tana buga kwallon kafa mai kyau da hadin kai, Uruguay ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar.
"A cikin da'irar diflomasiyya ta Kudancin Amurka," in ji jaridar Uruguay mai goyon bayan gwamnati El Día, "ana cewa aikin tawagar Uruguay ya fi duk wani abin da aka kashe na dubban daloli a farfaganda don shaharar kasar."
An ayyana ranar hutu ta kasa don dawowar 'yan wasan, kuma an ba da tallafin tafiye-tafiye zuwa babban birnin kasar domin dukan kasar su shiga bikin. Mujallar hoto Mundo Uruguayo ta yi ikirarin cewa tawagar ta tabbatar da cewa Uruguay "kasa ce mai wayewa" da za ta iya fitar da al'adu da nama. Nasarar ba wai kawai ta nuna wa duniya cewa Uruguay kasa ce mai cin gashin kanta ba, ba wai kawai wani yanki na Argentina ba, amma har ma da alama tana goyon bayan akidar mulki ta batllismo da dabi'un da take wakilta: zamani, 'yanci, hankali, da keɓantacce na Uruguay.
Wannan ba da'awa ba ce mara ma'ana ba. Wataƙila kwallon kafar Uruguay ba za ta yi kyau haka ba idan ba tare da wani babban shirin ilimi na jiha wanda ya hada da horon jiki ba. Wannan darasi ya kara karuwa lokacin da Uruguay ta sake lashe lambar zinare ta kwallon kafa a gasar Olympics ta 1928 a Amsterdam.
Lokacin da aka yanke shawarar cewa kwallon kafa na bukatar nata gasar duniya ta yau da kullun da ta bambanta da Olympics—wani bangare don ba da damar 'yan wasa masu sana'a kuma wani bangare saboda ta fara mamaye sauran wasanni—Uruguay ta yi kamfen sosai don karbar bakuncin gasar. Shugaba Juan Campisteguy ya gayyaci shugaban FIFA, Jules Rimet, don asado a fadar shugaban kasa. Tun daga farko, gasar cin kofin duniya ta kasance taron siyasa.
Da kwatsam, an tsara gasar ta zo daidai da cika shekaru 100 na kundin tsarin mulkin Uruguay, wanda ya zama kamar dama ce da ba za a rasa ba. An gina wani sabon filin wasa mai ban sha'awa, mai girman gine-gine, Centenario, kuma an bude shi a ranar tunawa da nasarar Uruguay 1-0 a kan Peru.
Kwanaki goma sha biyu bayan haka, Uruguay ta lashe wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta farko, inda ta doke Argentina da ci 4-2. Kasa da shekaru 30 bayan yakin basasa da ya girgiza kasar shekaru da yawa, wannan babban lokaci ne na bikin kasa. Ba wai ya taimaka wa Campisteguy da yawa ba. Shekara mai zuwa, yayin da tasirin faduwar Wall Street ya yi tasiri, an hambarar da shi a wani juyin mulki.
Tunanin gasar a matsayin nuni ga dabi'un kasa ya karfafa a shekara ta 1934. Amfani da Benito Mussolini na gasar cin kofin duniya ta biyu ya kasance mafi kai tsaye na nuna Italiya. Ga gwamnatinsa, gasar ta kasance game da tabbatarwa ta hanyar nasara da karbar bakuncin. Nasarar Italiya ba ta kasance ba tare da jayayya ba, amma kamar yadda mujallar Florentine Il Bargello ta yi ikirarin, har yanzu "tabbatar da dukan al'umma ce, alamar karfinta na namiji da dabi'a." Karbar bakuncin da kyau watakila ya fi muhimmanci. Wannan ya kasance gaskiya musamman saboda gwamnatin Mussolini ta kaddamar da shirin gina filayen wasa, ta ba da tallafin tafiye-tafiye ga magoya baya zuwa Italiya da tsakanin biranen da ke karbar bakuncin, ta samar da sayar da kayayyakin gasar cin kofin duniya masu dauke da tambarin fasist, kuma ta shirya watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo kai tsaye zuwa kowace kasa ta Turai da ke fafatawa, da Masar. Baƙi daga kasashen waje sun sha'awa sosai. A cewar Gazzetta dello Sport, yabonsu "ya fi isa ya nuna cewa Italiya ta Mussolini—wadda ta kasance karamar Italiya ta yin abubuwa ba tare da shiri ba da kuma neman afuwa—ta shirya bikin kwallon kafa da salo, sassauci, daidaito, har ma da ladabi da cikakken bayani wanda ke nuna cikakkiyar balaga da shiri."
An kafa tsarin tun da farko. Kowane gasar cin kofin duniya, zuwa wani mataki, ta kasance madubi na kasar da ke karbar bakuncin da gwamnatinta. Zai iya hada al'umma a kusa da manufa daya, kuma yana iya bayar da akalla hujja ta fifikon kasa. Wannan na iya zama nuna alfahari na kasa mara lahani, kamar yadda ya kasance ga Uruguay, ko kuma wani abu mafi cutarwa, kamar yadda ya kasance ga Italiya ta fasist. Kowane gasar cin kofin duniya—daga Uruguay da Italiya a 1930 da 1934, zuwa Rasha da Qatar a 2018 da 2022—ya kasance wani bangare game da gina kasa da kuma gabatar da hoto ga duniya.
Menene hakan zai nufi ga Amurka, Kanada, da Mexico? Za mu gano daga baya a wannan bazara.
An fara buga wannan a cikin wasiƙar labarai The World Behind the Cup. Yi rajista a nan.
Tambayoyin da Aka Yi Yawa
Ga jerin tambayoyin da ake yawan yi game da yadda kasashe suka yi amfani da gasar cin kofin duniya don gina asalin kasa da kuma hadurran wannan alfahari ya zama mai wuce gona da iri
Tambayoyin Matakin Farko
1 Menene ake nufi da gina asalin kasa ta hanyar gasar cin kofin duniya
Yana nufin amfani da gasar don samar da wani ra'ayi na kasancewa cikin wani abu da alfahari tsakanin 'yan kasa Lokacin da tawaga ta yi nasara, mutane suna jin kamar suna cikin wani abu mafi girma, wanda ke karfafa alakar su da kasarsu
2 Ta yaya taron wasanni kamar gasar cin kofin duniya zai iya kaiwa ga fasist
Yawanci ba ya yin hakan da kansa Amma idan gwamnati ko motsi na siyasa ya yi amfani da gasar don inganta wani nau'in kishin kasa mai tayar da hankali—kamar mutanenmu sun fi ko dole ne mu mallaki wasu—zai iya kara rura wutar akidu masu tsauri na mulkin kama-karya
3 Za ka iya ba da misali mai sauki na faruwar hakan
Shahararren misali shi ne gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1934 a Italiya Mai mulkin kama-karya Benito Mussolini ya yi amfani da nasarar Italiya don inganta gwamnatinsa, yana mai cewa ta tabbatar da karfi da tsarkin jinsin mutanen Italiya
4 Shin duk alfaharin gasar cin kofin duniya mara kyau ne
A'a Alfahari mai lafiya shine game da murnar nasarar tawaga da jin alaka da al'ummarka Yana zama matsala lokacin da wannan alfahari ya koma kiyayya ga wasu kasashe, wariyar launin fata, ko goyon bayan shugabanni masu zalunci
5 Me yasa kasashe ke yin hakan
Kayan aiki ne mai karfi Nasarar gasar cin kofin duniya tana haifar da wani babban farin ciki na motsin rai wanda zai iya raba hankalin mutane daga matsaloli kamar talauci ko cin hanci da rashawa Shugabanni za su iya yin ikirarin cewa su ne ke da alhakin wannan daukakar kasa
Tambayoyin Matakin Ci Gaba
6 Ta yaya gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1978 a Argentina ta nuna wannan hadarin musamman
Gwamnatin soja, wadda ke aikata take hakkin dan Adam, ta karbi bakuncin gasar Sun yi amfani da nasarar Argentina don raba hankalin jama'a, tace kafafen yada labarai masu suka, da kuma inganta wani kishin kasa na tashin hankali wanda ya ba da hujjar mulkinsu na zalunci Wannan misali ne na yau da kullun na amfani da wasanni don tallafawa mulkin kama-karya
7 Menene bambanci tsakanin kishin kasa mara lahani a gasar cin kofin duniya da nau'in fasist
Kishin kasa mara lahani shine nunin tutoci da wakoki na yau da kullun marasa cutarwa Nau'in fasist shine na ganganci, na gwamnati, kuma mai tayar da hankali Yana ware tsiraru, yana inganta tatsuniyar fifikon jinsi ko al'ada, kuma yana amfani da gasar don halatta gwamnati mai danniya
8 Akwai misalai na zamani na wannan yanayin
Ee Wasu masu suka suna nuna
