A ranar makaranta ta yau da kullum, Mohammed mai shekaru 17 yana tashi da karfe 6 na safe don taimaka wa mahaifiyarsa da ke da aure, mai gadin tsaro, kula da kanne-kannensa. Sannan yakan hau bas biyu cike da mutane da jirgin kasa na gida zuwa makarantar sakandarensa a Sevran, wani yanki mai karancin kudin shiga a arewa maso gabashin Paris. "Babu isassun kujeru ko tebura, don haka wasu dalibai dole su tsaya," in ji Mohammed. "Ajujuwa sun cika sosai ba za ka iya yin mu'amala da malamin ba. A lokacin zafin rana na wannan shekara, sai ka ji kamar digiri 40 a cikin ajujuwa cike da cunkoso babu inuwa ko labule. Zafi sosai har kwakwalwata ta kasa aiki."
Matashin mai shekaru 17, wanda ke shekara ta karshe ta makarantar sakandare, yana son karanta harkar gudanarwa da sadarwa ta dijital a wata jami'a ta Paris. Amma ya ce yanayi ya yi muni sosai har yana jin dama ta gaba da shi da abokan karatunsa. "Wasu daga cikinmu suna wuce watanni babu malamai idan ba a maye gurbin ma'aikatan da ba su nan ba," in ji shi. "Wata aji ba ta da malamin Faransanci na watanni da yawa kafin jarrabawar baccalaureate ta Faransanci, don haka ba su iya karanta duk rubutun da aka tsara don jarrabawarsu ba. Kwanan nan muna bukatar malami don wani darasi da ake koyarwa da Turanci, amma da malamin ya zo, ba ya jin Turanci."
A wannan makon, babbar zanga-zangar matasa mafi girma a kasar cikin shekaru da dama ta kawo dubban daruruwan mutane kan tituna a duk fadin Faransa, suna nuna adawa da rashin daidaito a tsarin ilimi na Faransa, makarantu da ke rugujewa, karancin malamai, da manyan ajujuwa. An killace daruruwan makarantu, an kama dubban matasa, kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam sun yi gargadi kan zargin zaluncin 'yan sanda, inda wani yaro ya rasa amfani da ido daya wani kuma ya rasa hannu.
Mohammed da abokan karatunsa, wadanda iyayensu da malamansu sukan goyi bayansu, sun kasance a kan gaba, suna toshe makarantarsu, Lycée Blaise-Cendrars, wadda ke daya daga cikin sassan Faransa mafi talauci, Seine-Saint-Denis. Sun zabi ci gaba da zanga-zangar su mako mai zuwa, suna kai korafe-korafensu ga magajin gari na yankin, zababbun jami'ai, da wakilan ilimi. Yawancin 'yan siyasar yankin sun goyi bayan bukatunsu. Har ma da firaministan Faransa, Sébastien Lecornu, ya yarda cewa matasan suna da damuwa "halalci".
Hotuna a wayoyin daliban Sevran sun nuna kujerun aji da suka karye, ramuka a bango da rufi, m, bokiti don kama ruwan da ke yoyo, da fitilu marasa aiki. Sun ce ba a biya bukatun yau da kullum ba, wasu bandakuna sun lalace, wasu ba su da kofofi, kuma sau da yawa babu takardar bayan gida ko sabulu. Na'urorin nuna bidiyo da kayan kimiyya ba su da yawa.
"Ba muna neman alatu ba, kawai abubuwan yau da kullum don yin karatu cikin yanayi mai kyau," in ji Mohammed. "Amma duk da haka 'yan sanda a kan dawakai sun far mata mu lokacin da muka taru don zanga-zanga a wajen makarantarmu, suna harba hayaki mai sa hawaye da yin kame. Yana da matukar hadari a far mata ka da doki, zai iya kashe ka. Na gudu kawai, ina kokarin taimaka wa abokan karatuna."
Makarantun sakandare na Seine-Saint-Denis, wani yanki na bayan gari da ke iyaka da arewacin Paris, sun kasance wani karfi mai tuki a zanga-zangar. Yankin yana da mafi karancin shekaru a Faransa ta babban yankin, daya daga cikin mafi yawan haihuwa, kuma daga cikin mafi karancin matsakaicin kudin shiga. Makarantun sakandare na yankin suna da yawan canjin malamai matasa.
Duk da cewa sun dauki bakuncin gasar Olympics ta Paris 2024 tare da shirye-shiryen gwamnati da dama don magance rashin daidaito da talauci da suka dade, yankin arewa maso gabashin Paris ya kasance mara ci gaba idan aka kwatanta da babban birnin.
A shekarar 2005, Seine-Saint-Denis ta kasance wurin da tashin hankali na makonni ya fara a kan gidajen zama a duk fadin Faransa, wanda ya kai ga ayyana dokar ta-baci ta kasa bayan mutuwar yara maza biyu da suka boye daga 'yan sanda a wata tashar wutar lantarki. Zanga-zangar wannan makon ta nuna cewa ba a magance rashin daidaito da wariya a yankunan bayan gari na Paris ba. Rashin amincewa tsakanin matasa da 'yan sanda ya ci gaba da wanzuwa. Lycée Blaise-Cendrars ta Sevran, mai dalibai sama da 1,000, ta kasance cibiyar zanga-zanga kan yanayin makaranta a baya. A shekarar 2024, dalibai da malamai sun yi wani bidiyo da ya yadu kan yanayin ajujuwa, bandakuna, da kayan aiki. Yankin Île-de-France na gida ya ce ya kaddamar da wani babban aikin gyara gine-ginen makarantar sakandare. Amma matasan sun ce ba a magance muhimman batutuwa ba.
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Lycée Blaise-Cendrars ta kasance a tsakiyar zanga-zanga kan yanayin makaranta a baya. Hoto: Ed Alcock/The Guardian
"Muna farawa da rashin adalci saboda iyayenmu ba su da arziki kamar wasu—ba za su iya saya mana littattafai ba, ba za su iya kai mu fina-finai ba," in ji Ilian, mai shekaru 17, wanda iyalinsa suka fito daga Maroko kuma mahaifinsa mai kula da zirga-zirga ne. "Muna rasa makaranta a lokacin wadannan zanga-zangar, muna hadarin faduwa a shekarar jarrabawa, muna matukar son komawa aji don karatu, amma yanayin da muke fuskanta ya yi muni sosai ba za mu iya tsayawa ba har gwamnati ta yi alkawarin daukar mataki."
Ma'aikatar ilimi a wannan makon ta yi alkawarin malamai 3,000 don cike gibin gaggawa, amma kungiyoyin malamai sun nuna shakku kuma sun ce ana bukatar shirye-shirye na dogon lokaci da karin kudade, ko da gwamnati na jayayya cewa babu isassun kudi.
Lafiyar kwakwalwar yara ma batu ne a Seine-Saint-Denis. Ilian ya jira watanni don ganin likitan kwakwalwar yara. A makarantar sakandare, babu ma'aikacin jinya na makaranta kuma akwai karancin ma'aikatan tallafi ga yara masu nakasa, in ji shi.
"'Yan sanda suna kallonmu kamar mu dabbobi ne," in ji Ilian. "Suna magana da mu da mugunta sosai." Ya gaya wa 'yan siyasar yankin cewa wasu matasa sun yi zargin 'yan sanda sun yi musu zage-zage na kabilanci a lokacin zanga-zangar.
Stéphane Troussel, shugaban majalisar gundumar Seine-Saint-Denis na Socialist wanda ya gana da daliban a wannan makon, ya ce: "Ba abin jurewa ba ne cewa aikin 'yan sanda yana haifar da wani bangare na matsalolin." Ya yi kira ga 'yan sanda su daina amfani da wani nau'in harbin roba, bayan sun dakatar da amfani da gurneti masu sa gaggawa bayan raunuka. Ministan cikin gida na Faransa, Laurent Nuñez, ya kare dabarun 'yan sanda.
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Stéphane Blanchet, magajin garin yankin, yana ganawa da dalibai a zauren gari. Hoto: Ed Alcock/The Guardian
Stéphane Blanchet, magajin garin Sevran, ya ce yana goyon bayan bukatun masu zanga-zangar makaranta. Ya ce da yawa a cikin garinsa mai mutane 52,000, mai yawan talauci fiye da matsakaici, suna jin an "mayar da su baya" kuma gwamnati ta manta da su.
Sarah, mai shekaru 17, wadda take son yin karatu a wata babbar kwalejin injiniya ta Paris, kuma mahaifinta ma'aikacin sito ya yi alfahari da cewa tana zanga-zanga da ganawa da magajin gari, ta ce matasa a banlieue "suna jin an yashe su da gaske."
Ta ce: "Mun yi mamaki kuma muna godiya sosai ga wasu matasa a wurare masu arziki a Faransa da suka yi maci a tituna don goyon bayanmu a wannan makon. Mun san muna cikin rashin daidaito kuma dole mu yi aiki sau 10 fiye da wasu don tserewa wariya kan lambar gidanmu. Amma ba za mu iya yin karatu yadda ya kamata a cikin wadannan yanayi ba yayin da ba a ma ba mu tabbacin kujera da za mu zauna a makaranta."
An canza sunayen daliban.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Ga jerin tambayoyin da ake yawan yi dangane da labarin Ba muna neman alatu ba Masu zanga-zangar makaranta a wani yanki na bayan gari na Paris suna jin gwamnatin Faransa ta yashe su
Tambayoyi na farko
Menene wannan zanga-zangar ta kunsa
Iyaye dalibai da malamai a wani yanki na bayan gari na Paris suna zanga-zanga ne saboda sun ce makarantunsu suna rugujewa kuma gwamnati tana watsi da su
A ina wannan ke faruwa
Yana faruwa ne a wani yanki na bayan gari na Paris Faransa Wadannan yankunan ana yawan kiransu banlieues
Su wa suke zanga-zangar
Iyaye dalibai da malamai suna zanga-zanga tare
Menene masu zanga-zangar suke so
Ba sa neman wani abu na alfarma Suna son abubuwa na yau da kullum kamar dumama mai aiki gine-gine masu aminci da isassun malamai
Me ya sa suke jin an yashe su
Suna jin gwamnatin Faransa ba ta damu da unguwarsu ba kuma tana ba da makarantu mafi kyau da karin kudi ga yankuna masu arziki
Tambayoyi na tsakiya
Wadanne matsaloli na musamman ne makarantun suke da su
Wasu makarantu suna da bandakuna da suka lalace rufin da ke yoyo babu dumama a lokacin sanyi da karancin ma'aikata Wasu gine-gine ma suna rugujewa
Menene ma'anar Ba muna neman alatu ba
Yana nufin masu zanga-zangar ba sa neman abubuwa masu tsada ko na musamman Suna son kawai yanayi na yau da kullum masu aminci da sauran dalibai a Faransa suke da su
Yaya wannan ya shafi manyan batutuwa a Faransa
Yana nuna babbar matsala mutane a yankunan bayan gari matalauta wadanda da yawa daga cikinsu bakin haure ne ko 'yan tsiraru sukan ji kamar gwamnati tana daukar su a matsayin 'yan kasa na biyu
Me gwamnati ta yi har yanzu
Gwamnati ta aika wasu jami'ai don tattaunawa amma masu zanga-zangar sun ce babu abin da ya canza da gaske Suna son aiki ba kawai magana ba
Shin wadannan zanga-zangar suna da tashin hankali
Galibi a'a Zanga-zangar galibi ta kasance cikin lumana inda mutane ke rike da alamomi da yin maci Amma an sami wasu tashin hankali da 'yan sanda
Tambayoyi na ci gaba
Menene tarihin wannan jin an yashe su
Shekaru da dama yankunan bayan gari na Faransa masu yawan bakin haure sun sha fama da gidaje marasa kyau rashin aikin yi mai yawa da karancin kudaden ayyukan gwamnati Wannan ya haifar da maimaita zanga-zanga da tarzoma kamar manyan wadanda suka faru a 2005
Yaya wannan ya dace da manufar Faransa ta égalité
Faransa tana alkawarin daidaito ga duk 'yan kasa Amma masu zanga-zangar sun ce gaskiyar ta bambanta dalibai a yankunan bayan gari matalauta suna samun makarantu marasa kyau karancin kayan aiki da karancin kulawa daga gwamnati
