Ba a yi kama da Beatlemania ba, amma a lokacin da Paul Auster ya fi shahara a shekarun 1980 da 1990, magoya bayansa masu kukan murna sun hau kan motarsa bayan wani karatu a Buenos Aires. Masu sha'awarsa sun yi masa taro a wuraren taron littattafai a birnin Paris, inda ya taɓa rayuwa da wahala ta hanyar fassara adabin Faransanci. An ba shi kuɗi mai yawa don ya fito a tallace-tallacen da ke tallata naman sa na Amurka zuwa Japan. An yaba masa a matsayin tauraron rock, babban tauraro na adabi, mai ra'ayin postmodernist mai kyan gani.
Kadan daga cikin wannan ya ɗauki nauyi ko kwanciyar hankali ga marubuciyar litattafai da kasidu Siri Hustvedt, wacce ta auri Auster sama da shekaru 40 kafin ya mutu sakamakon ciwon daji a shekarar 2024. Kamar yadda ta bayyana a cikin Ghost Stories, tarihin rayuwarta tare da shi, ta kasance doguwar dalibar digirin digirgir mai launin gashi a cikin rigar jiki lokacin da ta hadu da shi—"kyakkyawan mutum sanye da jakar fata baƙar fata"—a wani karatun waka. Ya rabu da mahaifiyar ɗansa, yana zama shi kaɗai a cikin wani ɗaki mai duhu na Brooklyn, kuma bai buga wani muhimmin abu ba tukuna. Adabi ya haɗa su: yana da shekaru 15 kawai lokacin da ya yanke shawarar cewa makomarsa ta kasance cikin rubutu; ita ma ta fahimci hakan tun kafin ta girma.
Dare a cikin birni. Taksi zuwa cikin gari, mashaya mai cike da hayaki, suna ta magana akai-akai. Sun tashi tare. Ba da daɗewa ba, lokacin da ya gaya mata cewa yana komawa wurin matarsa da ɗansa, ta san tunaninta. "Ina tsammanin kai ne mafi kyau kuma yana da ban tausayi a rasa mafi kyau," ta rubuta masa. A bikin aurensu a shekara mai zuwa, wani abokin mawaƙi ya yi toast: "Ga amarya da ango—mutane biyu masu kyau sosai da zan so in yanke fuskokinsu da reza." Yanzu, tana cikin shekarunta na ƙarshe na 60 kuma sabuwar bazawara, tunani yana ci gaba da dawowa. Na shi yana gaya mata, "Ina son in kalli yadda kake tafiya a cikin ɗaki tsirara." Ya tambayi, "'Beckett ko Burroughs?' 'Beckett,' na ce nan take. Paul ya kama ni, ya sumbace ni sosai, kuma muka fara yin soyayya a kan matakala."
Hustvedt ta bayyana aurensu a matsayin "tattaunawa." Sun karanta kuma sun gyara aikin juna. Jumloli a cikin littattafansa sun ƙunshi faifan magana kai tsaye daga litattafanta, da kuma akasin haka. Ghost Stories, ta yi imani, "neman abokina da na rasa," amma fiye da haka, neman haɗin gwiwar da aka rasa—"Eh, ina baƙin ciki da Paul, amma mafi yawan lokuta, ina baƙin ciki da Siri da Paul. Ina baƙin ciki da DA. Ina baƙin ciki da yadda DA ta sa na ji a duniya. Wannan DA inda ni da shi muka yi karo."
Hustvedt ta ce Auster yana so ya mutu yana ba da wani barkwanci.
Yanzu lokaci ya karye. "Ya ɓace har ya kasa gane shi," in ji Hustvedt. Lokacin da ta fita waje, ba ta iya samun ƙofar shiga jirgin ƙasa da ta saba ba. Ta shafa kanta, tana ci gaba da duba ko ba ta rasa makullinta ba. Gidan yana cike da abubuwan da ke haifar da tuntuɓe—ƙamshin sigari na mijinta, katunan gaisuwa da rubutun hannunsa, sunansa a cikin littafin cak. Ghost Stories—ya karye, cike da gajerun sakin layi, har ma da jumla guda ɗaya—yana kiyaye yanayin baƙin ciki mai raɗaɗi, yana lissafta abubuwan tunawa masu ban sha'awa (ƙafafun Auster masu zafi kamar tanderu sun kasance maganin ƙafafunta masu sanyi), neman ta'aziyya da fahimta (daga irin su Kierkegaard da C.S. Lewis), da kuma baƙin ciki ga hunturu mara iyaka da ke gaba ("Yanzu ina rayuwa a cikin daftarin aiki na ci gaba").
Mutuwar Auster ta tilasta canza kalmomin suna—Hustvedt dole ne ta kama kanta tana cewa "namu"; daga yanzu sai "nawa." Ta yi tunanin farkon aurensu, kafin litattafanta What I Loved (2003) da The Summer Without Men (2011) su zama litattafai masu sayar da su a duniya, lokacin da take da "halin kariya, mai ban tsoro game da a ɗauke ni a matsayin abin da aka makala ga mijina." Harvey Weinstein, furodusan fim din Blue in the Face (1995) wanda Auster ya rubuta kuma Wayne Wang ya ba da umarni, ya gabatar da ita a wani liyafa a matsayin "kyakkyawar matar Paul." Ta yi tunani, "kamar ni abu ne maras suna, maras rai wanda ke na mijina."
An yi zaton Auster ya kasance babban mai ra'ayin postmodernist kuma mai sharhin ka'idar suka, amma... Siri Hustvedt, wacce ita ma ta bincika waɗannan jigogi a cikin tarin kasidunta Mothers, Fathers, and Others (2021), ta daɗe tana hulɗa da masu tunani kamar Lacan da Bakhtin. Ƙwararrunta na ilimi—har yanzu tana koyar da ilimin hauka a kwalejin likitanci ta New York—ta haskaka ta cikin rubuce-rubucenta, ko tana bayyana gidaje a matsayin "wuraren maimaita motsi" ko kuma tana ambaton ra'ayin masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam Maurice Merleau-Ponty na "intercorporeality," wanda ke nufin haɗin gwiwar jikinmu da wasu.
Hustvedt ta tuna cewa mijinta, Paul Auster, yana so ya mutu yana ba da wani barkwanci. Ta sami wani barkwanci mai duhu ko da a ciwon daji na ƙarshe, tana lura da rashin hankali cewa an tsawaita rayuwarsa ta hanyar maganin rigakafi wanda aka samo asali daga ƙwayoyin ovaries na hamsters na Sinawa. Ita ma tana iya dariya da kanta, kamar lokacin da za ta fusata da tsarinsa na daban na tsara ɗakin karatun su—"'Ina Gertrude Stein, don Allah?' Zan yi masa ihu." Bayan mutuwarsa, a cikin wani lokacin shagaltuwa, ta taɓa hawa cikin baho mai cike da rabin ruwa ba tare da tuna cire safa ɗinta ba. Auster da kansa ya ce, "Bayan duk munanan abubuwan da muka sha, idan na mutu sakamakon ciwon daji, zai zama mummunan labari."
Hustvedt tana buƙatar wannan dariyar, kamar yadda take kewaye da duhu. Abokin dangi Salman Rushdie, wanda ya ziyarce su, kwanan nan ya rasa idonsa na dama a wani hari na tashin hankali a arewacin jihar New York. Hustvedt da kanta ta zame a kan titi kuma ta ƙare a cikin ER tare da karyewar wuyan hannu. Mai bincikenta na dogon lokaci ya mutu. Sa'an nan kuma wasu hasarori biyu masu ban tsoro: jikanyar Auster mai watanni 10, Ruby, daga guba mai tsanani ta heroin da fentanyl, sannan mahaifin Ruby, Daniel—ɗan Auster daga aurensa na farko da marubuciya Lydia Davis—daga yawan shan miyagun ƙwayoyi. Rayuwar Daniel mai cike da matsala ta bayyana a cikin ɓangarorin baƙin ciki: yunƙuri da yawa na jiyya da shawara, satar dala $13,000 daga asusun banki na Hustvedt tun yana matashi, ƙirƙira kwafin karatunsa, da kuma yin kamar ya shiga jami'a don kashe kuɗin karatun mahaifinsa akan miyagun ƙwayoyi.
Kamar yadda Hustvedt ta ce, littafinta Ghost Stories shine, "Kamar yawancin littattafan diary, cike da ramuka—yanki na faɗi da rashin faɗi." Tare da "Rahotannin Baƙin Ciki" da ke rubuta asibiti da jana'izar Auster, ya haɗa da sabuntun imel da ta aika wa abokai na kud-da-kud "daga Cancerland," "Heroic Couplets" da ta ba shi Kirsimeti kafin ya mutu ("Tsarin na iya zama kamar wauta, abin ban dariya, / Mai tauri ga kowane mai ra'ayin zamani mai girman kai"), da wasiƙun da ya rubuta wa Miles, ɗan ɗiyarsu Sophie sabon haifaffen.
Duk da haka, duk da asara da kaɗeci da ya rubuta, abin da ya daidaita baƙin ciki na Ghost Stories—kuma ya ba shi ƙarfi—shi ne fushinsa mai haske. Raunin Auster yayi daidai da na Amurka; Hustvedt ta lura ya ƙi faɗin sunan Donald Trump, yana kiran shi kawai da "45." Karanta jarida a karin kumallo, marubucin—wanda shugaban Finland ya taɓa yi masa hira kuma ya girmama shi da keɓaɓɓen ɗakin karatu na bincike a Jami'ar Copenhagen—zai yi nishi da gunaguni. Irin iliminsa ya bambanta sosai da kishin ƙasa maras sani wanda Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa JD Vance ya yiwa alama "don gaskiya da kuma kai hari ga jami'o'in ƙasar nan."
Hustvedt, wacce mahaifiyarta 'yar Norway ta rayu shekaru biyar na mamayar Nazi a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II, ta lura cewa matakan rufe Hukumar Ci gaban Amurka (USAID) zai kashe miliyoyin rayuka. A wurin tunawa da mijinta, ta nakalto mahaifinta: "'Lokacin da fascism ya zo Amurka, za su kira shi Amurkawa.' Ya zo, kuma suna yin haka."
Ghost Stories: A Memoir na Siri Hustvedt an buga shi ta Sceptre (£22.00). Don tallafawa The Guardian, sayi kwafi a guardianbookshop.com. Ana iya biyan kuɗin isarwa.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Tabbas Ga jerin Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi game da bita da batun Ghost Stories na Siri Hustvedt a cikin mahallin rayuwa bayan Paul Auster
Gabaɗaya Tambayoyin Masu Farawa
Q Menene Ghost Stories na Siri Hustvedt
A Sabon tarin kasidu ne na marubuciya da aka yaba da buga shi a shekarar 2024. Kasidun sun bincika jigogi na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, fahimta, fatalwa, da ƙarfin da ba a gani ba waɗanda ke tsara rayuwarmu.
Q Me yasa bita ke ci gaba da ambaton rayuwa bayan Paul Auster
A Paul Auster mijin Hustvedt na sama da shekaru 40 kuma fitaccen marubuci, ya rasu a watan Afrilu 2024. Yawancin bita suna karanta wannan sabon littafi, wanda ke magana game da rashi da abubuwan da suka gabata ta hanyar hangen nesa na wannan babban asara na sirri, ko da yake an rubuta kasidun kafin mutuwarsa.
Q Wannan tarihin rayuwa ne game da baƙin cikinta game da Paul Auster
A Ba kai tsaye ba. Littafin ba tarihin baƙin ciki ba ne amma tarin kasidu na hankali. Duk da haka, jigoginsa na fatalwa, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da abin da ke dawowa bayan mutum ya tafi suna da matukar dacewa da kuma tausayi idan aka yi la'akari da lokacin fitowarsa bayan mutuwar Auster.
Q Shin ina buƙatar karanta aikin Paul Auster don fahimtar wannan littafi
A A'a, ba lallai ba ne. Littafin yana tsaye da kansa. Duk da haka, sanin dogon haɗin gwiwar su na adabi mai shahara na iya ƙara darajar abin da yawancin masu karatu da masu bita ke samu a cikinsa.
Tambayoyin zurfi da nazari
Q Menene babban haɗin da masu bita ke yi tsakanin littafin da mutuwar Auster
A Masu bita sun lura cewa babban abin da littafin ya mayar da hankali—yadda abubuwan da suka gabata da mutanen da ke cikinsa suke faruwa a halin yanzu—yana da ban tsoro. Ana ganinsa a matsayin tunani mai ƙarfi, ko da yake ba da gangan ba, game da rayuwa tare da fatalwar abokin tarayya.
Q Ta yaya Ghost Stories na Hustvedt ya bambanta da ƙagaggun labaranta
A Duk da yake ƙagaggun labaranta sau da yawa suna bincika irin wannan yanayin tunani da falsafa, wannan tarin kasidu ne na almara. Ya fi kai tsaye a cikin bincikensa na hankali, yana haɗa labari na sirri tare da haske daga ilimin kimiyyar kwakwalwa, ilimin halin ɗan adam, da tarihin fasaha.
Q Shin fatalwoyin da ke cikin littafin ana nufin su zance ruhohi na gaske
A Mafi yawa a'a. Hustvedt
