Vladimir Putin ya gaya wa mutanen Rasha cewa nasara a kan Ukraine tabbatacciya ce. Amma a wannan Asabar, babu tankuna ko makamai masu linzami da za su bi ta kan dutsen da aka shimfida a dandalin Red Square na Moscow. A karon farko cikin kusan shekaru 20, bikin shekara-shekara na nasarar Ƙawance a kan Nazi Jamus zai faru ba tare da wani motocin soja ba. Dalili: Kremlin na cikin damuwa game da harin Ukraine.
Mutumin da wataƙila ya fi kowa yin abin da ya tayar da gwamnatin Putin a wannan karshen mako shi ne Robert Brovdi, shugaban wata ƙungiyar jiragen sama marasa matuki na sojan Ukraine da ake kira Madyar's Birds, wanda aka sanya masa suna bisa laƙabinsa. A cikin 'yan watannin nan, ƙungiyarsa ta kai jerin hare-hare masu nisa a kan wurare masu zurfi a cikin Rasha, ciki har da tashoshin jiragen ruwa, matatun mai, da masana'antar makamai masu linzami.
Brovdi ya yarda cewa harin "alamu" a dandalin Red Square zai zama kanun labarai a duniya, amma ya ce Ukraine za ta iya ba da "mari a fuska" inda tsaron sararin samaniyar Rasha ya fi rauni. "Me ya sa za a ɓata jiragen marasa matuki a kan 'babban bango'?" in ji shi, yana nufin tsaro mai ƙarfi a kewayen Moscow. "Idan ka buga sashin makamashi ko soja, wannan shi ne mafi kyawun hari, a gefen birni."
Hare-hare masu rauni daga runduna ta 414 ta Brovdi sun haifar da babban ƙalubale ga ƙoƙarin yaƙi na Kremlin. Jiragen marasa matuki masu nisa na ƙungiyar suna kawar da tsarin tsaron sararin samaniyar abokan gaba da sauri fiye da yadda Moscow za ta iya sake gina su. Ba zato ba tsammani, duk wani wuri a cikin radius na mil 1,250 (kilomita 2,000) daga bunker na Brovdi yana da rauni, ciki har da fadojin Putin.
A watan da ya gabata, jiragen marasa matuki na Ukraine sun bugi tashar mai ta Black Sea a Tuapse sau huɗu a cikin makonni biyu. "Kusan duk abin da ke can ya ƙone," in ji Brovdi. Hare-hare iri ɗaya sun bugi tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Baltic na Primorsk da Ust-Luga. Jiragen marasa matuki sun ma isa Urals, suna bugi matatar mai a Perm da jiragen yaƙi a Chelyabinsk, mil 1,050 daga layin gaba.
Brovdi ya nuna cewa gine-ginen da ke ci da wuta da gajimare masu cike da mai suna nuna hanyar nasarar Ukraine ta hanyar rushe tattalin arzikin Rasha don ta daina ba da kuɗin yaƙin da take yi mai tsada. Putin yana kashe kashi 40% na kasafin kuɗinsa na shekara na dala biliyan 530 a kan soja, kuma Brovdi ya ƙiyasta cewa ton miliyan 100 na mai na Rasha, wanda darajarsa ta kai dala biliyan 100 (£73.4 biliyan), ana fitar da shi daga tashoshin jiragen ruwa a cikin iyakar jiragen marasa matukinsa.
Brovdi kuma ya nuna asarar da sojojin Rasha ke fuskanta daga jiragen marasa matuki. Ukraine ta yi iƙirarin cewa a wata na biyar a jere, Kremlin ta rasa fiye da yadda take iya ɗaukar sabbin sojoji, tare da ƙiyasta mutuwar 30,000 zuwa 34,000 a kowane wata. "Wannan yana shafar ƙarfin yaƙi na sojojin Rasha, yana rage ƙarfin kai hare-hare. Wannan gaskiya ce," in ji shi.
Haɗuwa da Brovdi, tsohon mai cinikin hatsi wanda a bara ya zama shugaban sabuwar Rundunar Tsarin Jiragen Marasa Matuki ta Ukraine, ya ƙunshi tsare-tsaren tsaro masu tsauri da tafiya a cikin mota mai tagogi masu duhu. Bayan Volodymyr Zelenskyy, shi ne babban abin kai hari na Rasha. Cibiyar ayyukansa tana cikin ƙasa mai zurfi. Wani corridor mai cike da wuraren kwana yana kaiwa zuwa ɗaki mai cike da allon kwamfuta da watsa bidiyo kai tsaye.
Jiragen marasa matuki sun rataye daga rufi. Akwai ɗakin karatu, zanen tutar Ukraine na mai zane Anatolii Kryvolap, da sassaka na zamani. Bidiyo masu maimaitawa suna nuna lokutan ƙarshe na sojojin Rasha da sakamakon fashewar abubuwa masu ban tsoro. Kowane mutuwa ana ɗaukar hoto da tabbatarwa, kuma wasu ana haɗa su a cikin wani faifan bidiyo don kafofin sada zumunta. (Waɗannan faifan, waɗanda wasu za su iya ganin ba su da daɗi, sun shahara a kan layi kuma suna wulakanta sojojin Rasha.) Tebur na lantarki yana lissafo asarar abokan gaba—ma'aikata, motocin sulke, tsarin radar—a lokaci guda.
Brovdi yana zaune a kan wani kujera a cikin wani ƙaramin ɗaki na sirri, yana shan taba yana ba da kofunan shayi. Kusa da shi, kifayen zinari suna iyo a cikin wani tanki. Da ya kasance mai aski da sanye da kwat, yanzu yana da gemu kuma yana sanye da rigar soja. Yana sanye da rigar soja koren kuma yana da dogon gemu mai kama da limami. Yana magana da sauri a cikin harshen Ukrainian, yana karanta ƙididdiga cikin sauri. Tsarin lissafi yana bin diddigin kowane aikin jirgin mara matuki, tun daga ranar farko na mamayar Rasha a farkon 2022.
Duba hoto a cikin cikakken allo
Dakin aiki na 'Madyar's Birds', ƙungiyar jiragen marasa matuki ta ƙwararru. Fuskoki da allon kwamfuta an ɓoye su bisa buƙatar sojojin Ukraine. Hoton: Alessio Mamo/The Guardian
Abubuwa da yawa sun bayyana suna bayyana firgicin Rasha na kwanan nan da kuma kyakkyawan fata a cikin sojojin Ukraine. Ɗaya shine sabon matsayin Ukraine a matsayin babbar ƙasa ta jiragen marasa matuki. Fasahar ta na yaƙi da jiragen marasa matuki ana fitar da ita zuwa ƙasashen Gulf, waɗanda suka fuskanci hari daga Iran a matsayin martani ga hare-haren Amurka da Isra'ila. Wani abu kuma shine babban bayanai. Tsarin sanin yanayi mai suna Delta yana lissafo kowane aiki, ciki har da gazawa. Brovdi ya ce yana karɓar terabytes 12 zuwa 15 na faifan bidiyo kowane rana.
Ukraine kuma tana samun nasarorin dabara. A farkon wannan shekara, ta ƙaddamar da wani ɗan ƙaramin hari na mayar da martani, inda ta kwato ƙauyuka 12 a yankunan Zaporizhzhia da Dnipropetrovsk. A cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Yaƙi, a watan Afrilu, sojojin Rasha sun rasa ƙasa fiye da yadda suka samu a karon farko tun 2024.
"Sojojinmu suna ci gaba da 'yantar da ƙasashenmu. Abokan gaba suna fuskantar asara mai yawa kuma suna kokawa don maye gurbinsu," in ji Kyaftin Oleg Kopan, mataimakin kwamandan sashin binciken manyan bindigogi na runduna ta 148.
Duba hoto a cikin cikakken allo
Sojoji daga runduna ta 148 suna jiran jirgin bincike mara matuki ya dawo daga aiki a saman kudancin Ukraine. Hoton: Alessio Mamo/The Guardian
Matukan jiragen marasa matuki na rundunar suna zaune a cikin wani rami da aka ɓoye a ƙarƙashin layin bishiyoyi. A ciki, akwai kwamfutoci, gadaje na sansani, da kayan abinci da ruwa. Kowane 'yan sa'o'i, suna fitowa don harba jirgin bincike na Leleka, wanda ake jefa shi cikin iska da wani katafila. Kyamararsa tana ba da kallon faɗin filayen rawaya da ramukan bama-bamai da ramukan Rasha suka lalata. Hayaki mai launin toka na lokaci-lokaci yana tashi daga hare-haren manyan bindigogi na Ukraine.
Kopan ya ce ci gaban Ukraine na kwanan nan "100%" saboda saurin haɓaka fasahar marasa matuki. "Jiragen marasa matuki suna ba mu damar kai hari daidai da ƙarancin asara da inganci," in ji shi. Rasha ma suna daidaitawa. "Suna da kyau sosai wajen kallon abin da muke yi, kwafa shi, da haɓaka shi da sauri. Suna da masana'antu da mutane," in ji shi.
A ra'ayin Brovdi, Ukraine ta fara "sabon tsarin yaƙi." Ya ce jiragen marasa matuki suna da alhakin kashi 80% na lalacewa, suna maye gurbin bindigogi da sulke. "Yaƙin walƙiya yanzu ba zai yiwu ba. Idan Rasha tana da tankuna miliyan guda kuma ta yi ƙoƙarin sake kwace Kyiv, zai zama mafi girman zubar da jini a tarihin duniya," in ji shi. "Jiragen marasa matuki miliyan biyu za su yi ta tururuwa a kan waɗannan tankuna kuma su ƙone su ba tare da tausayi ba."
Duba hoto a cikin cikakken allo
Sojoji daga rundunar manyan bindigogi ta 148 a wani matsayi na ƙasa a kudancin Ukraine. Hoton: Alessio Mamo/The Guardian
Ya ƙara da cewa ƙasashen NATO ba su fahimta sosai cewa suna buƙatar sake fasalin sojojinsu ba. Janar-janar da ke kan mulki sun sami horon soja lokacin da "babu wanda ya damu da jiragen marasa matuki," in ji shi. Suna buƙatar bin misalin Ukraine ta hanyar ƙirƙirar tsarin da ya haɗa faifan bidiyo, hotuna, daidaitawa, da kashe-kashen da aka tabbatar. "Rasha ba za ta tsaya ba. Mu ko ku ba mu da lokaci."
Amma duk da waɗannan nasarorin, Ukraine "ta yi nisa da nasara," in ji shi. "Ba ni da wani hasashe cewa ƙarshen yaƙi zai yiwu nan da nan. Idan wani abu, muna magana ne game da dakatarwa da ke da alaƙa da wata yarjejeniya ko yanayin siyasa."
"Dakatarwar za ta ba Putin dama kawai ta sake haɗuwa. Yana fama da cuta mara magani ta mulki da sha'awar gina mulkin kama-karya. Mutum ne marar lafiya."
Tambayoyi da Aka Yi Yawa
Anan akwai jerin tambayoyi da aka yi yawa dangane da batun Haɗuwa da Madyar kwamandan jirgin mara matuki na Ukraine da ke lalata shirye-shiryen Putin
Tambayoyi na Matakin Farko
1 Wanene Madyar?
Madyar shine laƙabin kwamandan jiragen marasa matuki na Ukraine wanda ke jagorantar ƙungiyar matukan jiragen marasa matuki mai inganci. Ya shahara ta hanyar amfani da ƙananan jiragen marasa matuki na kasuwanci don tarwatsa ayyukan sojan Rasha.
2 Wane irin jiragen marasa matuki Madyar ke amfani da su?
Yana amfani da ƙananan jiragen marasa matuki na Farko-Gani da ake samu a kasuwa. Waɗannan suna da arha, sauri, da saurin motsi, kuma galibi ana gyara su don ɗaukar abubuwan fashewa.
3 Ta yaya Madyar ke lalata shirye-shiryen Putin?
Ƙungiyarsa tana amfani da jiragen marasa matuki don nemo da lalata kayan sojan Rasha masu tsada kamar tankuna, manyan bindigogi, da manyan motocin kaya. Ta hanyar kawar da waɗannan kayan, suna rage ci gaban Rasha da kare sojojin Ukraine.
4 Shin Madyar matukin jirgi ne a cikin jirgin yaƙi?
A'a. Shi kwamandan ƙasa ne. Shi da ƙungiyarsa suna sarrafa jiragen marasa matuki daga nesa, galibi daga wani wuri da aka ɓoye kusa da layin gaba, ta amfani da allo da na'urar kai.
Tambayoyi na Matakin Ci Gaba
5 Menene ya bambanta ƙungiyar Madyar da sauran ƙungiyoyin jiragen marasa matuki?
Ƙungiyarsa ta shahara da sauri, daidaitawa, da tsarin umarni na rarraba. Suna amfani da dabarar tururuwa inda jiragen marasa matuki masu rahusa da yawa suka kai hari ga wani abu guda, suna mamaye tsaron sararin samaniyar Rasha. Suna kuma da layin samar da kayansu don gyara jiragen marasa matuki na farar hula zuwa makamai.
6 Menene babban ƙalubalen fasaha da ƙungiyar Madyar ke fuskanta?
Yaƙin Lantarki. Rasha na amfani da na'urorin toshe siginar rediyo masu ƙarfi don toshe siginar sarrafa jirgin. Ƙungiyar Madyar dole ne ta ci gaba da sabunta mitocin jiragen marasa matukinsu, amfani da eriya masu ƙarfi, da tashi a ƙananan tsaunuka don guje wa toshewa.
7 Ta yaya aikin Madyar ke shafar halin sojojin Rasha?
Yana haifar da tsoro akai-akai. Soja a cikin tanki ba ya da lafiya saboda ƙaramin jirgin mara matuki mai shiru zai iya bayyana a kowane lokaci ya jefa gurneti ta cikin buɗaɗɗen rufi. Wannan matsin lamba na tunani babban ɓangare ne na nasarar ƙungiyarsa.
8 Shin kwamandan jirgin mara matuki ɗaya zai iya canza tafiyar yaƙi?
Da kansa, a'a. Duk da haka, Madyar yana wakiltar sabon salon yaƙi. Ƙungiyarsa ta tabbatar da cewa ƙaramin ƙungiya mai fasaha ta iya yin tasiri mai girma.
