Wannan rahoton da gwamnati ta tallafa ya fito a wannan makon ya yi kashedin cewa Biritaniya na cikin hadarin haifar da "tsarar da ta rasa" na matasa, yayin da adadin matasa masu shekaru 16 zuwa 24 da ba sa karatu, aiki, ko horo (wanda aka fi sani da Neets) ya haura miliyan 1.
Bisa kididdigar hukuma ta Burtaniya, kusan kashi 13.5% na matasa ba sa aiki ko karatu. Ga masu shekaru 18 zuwa 24, wannan adadin ya haura zuwa 15.8% – kusan daya cikin shida.
A Netherlands, adadin da ya yi daidai ya kasance kasa da 5% fiye da shekaru goma. Eurostat, wanda ke amfani da kewayon shekaru 15-29 mafi fadi don haka ya ba da adadi mafi girma, ta gano adadin Neet na Netherlands ya kai 5.3% a bara.
Gidauniyar Resolution ta kammala a wani rahoton kwanan nan cewa idan Burtaniya za ta iya daidaita adadin Neet na Netherlands, 600,000 ƙarin matasa masu shekaru 18 zuwa 24 za su kasance suna koyo ko samun kuɗi a halin yanzu.
Alan Milburn, tsohon ministan majalisar ministocin Labour wanda ya jagoranci bitar, ya ce Burtaniya ba za ta iya kwafin Netherlands kai tsaye ba saboda al'adu, al'adu, da tsari sun bambanta. "Amma wallahi akwai abin koyo," in ji shi.
Nazarin kwatancen kwanan nan da cibiyoyin tunani masu zaman kansu suka yi, ciki har da Gidauniyar Resolution da Gidauniyar Makomar Matasa, sun nuna cewa adadin Neet na Netherlands – mafi ƙanƙanta a EU da kuma tsakanin ƙasashen OECD – sakamakon shekaru na tsara manufofi da gangan ne.
Hanyar Netherlands ta ginu a kan ginshiƙai uku: ilimin sana'a, hanyar sadarwa ta jin daɗin rayuwa da ke mai da hankali kan haɗin kai da gyara, da kuma abubuwan ƙarfafawa na kuɗi da ke sa ya dace ga 'yan kasuwa su ɗauki matasa ma'aikata.
Tsayar da matasa a cikin ilimi yana da mahimmanci, in ji masu bincike. A Burtaniya a 2024, kashi 43% na masu shekaru 18 zuwa 24 suna cikin ilimi, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 67% a Netherlands. Daga cikin masu shekaru 18, alkaluman sun kai 66% da 80%. Da shekaru 24, ninki biyu na matasa suna cikin ilimi a Netherlands (43%) kamar a Burtaniya (21%).
Nau'in ilimi na iya zama mafi mahimmanci. Ilimin fasaha yana da daraja sosai a Netherlands: ilimin sakandare na sana'a (MBO) shine babban tushen ma'aikata ga kasuwar aiki ta Netherlands kuma galibi ana kiransa "tushen tattalin arziki."
Kusan kashi 70% na matasa Netherlands masu shekaru 16 zuwa 19 a cikin ilimin sakandare na sama suna halartar makarantar MBO, kuma kashi 35% na masu ƙasa da shekaru 25 daga baya suna karatu a jami'o'in fasaha ko na sana'a. A Burtaniya, kashi 22% kawai na masu shekaru 18 zuwa 21 suna kan darussan sana'a a 2024.
Robbert Dijkgraaf, tsohon ministan ilimi na Netherlands kuma farfesa na kimiyya da al'umma a Jami'ar Amsterdam, ya ce ilimin sana'a yana da mahimmanci don taimaka wa mutane su sami matsayinsu a aiki da al'umma.
"Batun Neet ma yana nan a Netherlands," in ji shi. "Yana da alaƙa sosai da horon sana'a. Ya kamata mu ga duk nau'ikan ilimi na manyan makarantu a matsayin masu mahimmanci ga al'umma, kuma ya kamata mu bi da su daidai."
"Ilimin sana'a ba kawai hanya ce ta shirya mutane ga al'umma da aiki ba – sau da yawa kuma jirgin ceto ne," in ji shi, yana lura cewa tsarin Netherlands, wanda ya haɗa kwanaki huɗu na aiki da kwana ɗaya na horon sana'a, yana da mahimmanci.
Makarantun sana'a suna aiki kafada da kafada da masu daukan ma'aikata, in ji shi. Ya tuna wani malami da ya sami wani dalibi mai rauni aiki a wani shagon gyaran takalma. Dalibin ya gaya masa: "Yana da mahimmanci a gare ni in san cewa al'umma tana ganin darajar ni. Cewa akwai bukata a gare ni a cikin al'umma."
Matasa "masu fasaha da wayo" suna cikin kasuwar mai siyarwa, in ji Dijkgraaf. Amma wannan ba gaskiya ba ne ga kowa. "Sau da yawa ina yin wasa cewa ilimi kamar neman farkon nadi na tef ɗin Scotch ne – yana da matukar takaici, amma da zarar ka fara, za ka iya ci gaba."
Mahimmanci, ilimin sana'a na Netherlands koyaushe ya haɗa da koyo na tushen aiki ko koyan aiki. Da shekaru 19, fiye da rabin matasa Netherlands suna da gogewar wurin aiki don haka suna da alaƙa, wanda ke sa canjin daga makaranta zuwa kasuwar aiki ya zama mai sauƙi da tallafi. A Burtaniya, kasa da daya cikin biyar suna da wannan gogewa.
Babban abin da ke haifar da na biyuMasu bincike sun ce ƙarancin adadin NEET na Netherlands (matasa da ba sa karatu, aiki, ko horo) ya faru ne saboda tsarin jin daɗinta. Dokar Aiki da Taimakon Jama'a ta 2004 ta canza shirye-shiryen aiki da taimakon jama'a daga gwamnatin tsakiya zuwa kananan hukumomi. Wannan canjin tsari ya mayar da hankali daga tsarin tsarin mulki na tsakiya zuwa tsarin gida na musamman. Gidauniyar Resolution ta lura cewa wannan yana da tasiri a bayyane kan batutuwa kamar lafiyar kwakwalwa da rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci.
Kamar matasa a Burtaniya, matasa Netherlands suna ba da rahoton wasu mafi girman adadin damuwa da damuwa a Turai. Duk da haka, wannan bai haifar da rashin shiga aiki ko ilimi ba. A Burtaniya, masu bincike sun ce matasa da ke neman fa'idodin rashin iya aiki na iya shafe watanni ko ma shekaru ba tare da ainihin tuntuɓar cibiyoyi ko tsammanin aiki ba. A Netherlands, majalisun gida sun ba da shirye-shiryen haɗin kai na musamman wanda ya haɗa da tallafin tunani, ayyukan da aka tallafa, da horo na musamman.
Tim Versnel, shugaban aiki a majalisar birnin Rotterdam, ya ce birnin ya mayar da martani ga karuwar rashin aikin yi na matasa kwanan nan tare da hanya mafi kulawa da darussa masu zurfi. Majalisar tana aiki tare da sanannun masu daukan ma'aikata na gida da kungiyar ba da shawara don tallafawa matasa marasa aikin yi na yau da kullun, wadanda da yawa daga cikinsu sun girma da tashin hankali na gida ko matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa.
"Hanyarmu ta kasance tana mai da hankali kan ilimi da neman hanyoyi mafi kyau na shiga kasuwar aiki," in ji Versnel. "Mun koma ga hanya mafi kulawa: horar da juriya ta tunani, taimako game da amfani da kayan maye, da ilimin kuɗi. Wannan hanya ce ta rayuwa gabaɗaya, maimakon horon aiki kawai da neman guraben aiki."
Gwamnatin gida ta Rotterdam kuma tana biyan har zuwa kashi 70% na albashi ga matasa marasa aikin yi na yau da kullun. "Ainihin, duk bangarorin rayuwa suna inganta idan mutum yana aiki: kwanciyar hankali na tunani, lafiyar kwakwalwa, lafiyar jiki, da kimar kai," in ji Versnel.
A ƙarshe, tsarin Netherlands ya gane cewa ƙarancin adadin NEET yana buƙatar masu daukan ma'aikata masu yarda. Yayin da a Burtaniya masu daukan ma'aikata ke korafin cewa ma'aikatan matakin shiga suna da tsada sosai, Netherlands ta dade tana amfani da manufofin kuɗi don tallafawa aikin matasa. Gidauniyar Makomar Matasa ta nuna shirye-shiryen gwamnati da suka yanke harajin albashi kuma suka ba da fa'idodin kuɗi kai tsaye ga kasuwancin da ke ɗaukar matasa ma'aikata.
Misali, "tallafin ƙarin kuɗi ga matasa ma'aikata" ya kai €3,500 (£3,000) a shekara ga masu daukan ma'aikata da ke ɗaukar matashi a kan kwangilar akalla sa'o'i 32 a mako. Magajinsa, "fa'idar rage farashin aiki," yana rage farashin albashi ta hanyar fa'idodin haraji har zuwa €6,000.
Wannan yana kashe kuɗi, ba shakka. A 2011, shekarar da aka samu bayanan Burtaniya ta ƙarshe, Burtaniya ta kashe kashi 0.5% na GDP dinta kan manufofin kasuwar aiki masu aiki da kashi 0.01% kan abubuwan ƙarfafawa na daukar ma'aikata da tallafin aiki. A Netherlands, waɗannan alkaluman sun kai 2.3% da 0.5%, bi da bi.
Masu bincike sun ce mahimman darussa daga Netherlands su ne cewa ba za a sami ƙarancin adadin NEET ta hanyar matakan da ba su dace ba ko tallafi na wucin gadi ba. A maimakon haka, yana buƙatar daidaitawar tushe na tsarin ilimi, samar da jin daɗi, da abubuwan ƙarfafawa na kasuwanci.
"Menene ainihin abin?" Milburn ya ce. "Yana da game da wasu abubuwa na tsari: suna ba da fifiko ga ilimin sana'a da zuba jari a ciki. Tsarin Netherlands ya fi haɗin kai—suna tattara abubuwa tare."
"Kuma ɓangaren ƙarshe da suke yi daidai, wanda muke yi kuskure, shi ne cewa masu daukan ma'aikata sun fi shiga tun daga farko tare da tsarin ilimi. Don haka yara suna sanin masu daukan ma'aikata da duniyar aiki."
Tambayoyin da Aka Yi Yawa
Anan akwai jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawa game da abin da Burtaniya za ta iya koya daga Netherlands game da rashin aikin yi na matasa
Tambayoyin Matakin Farko
1 Yaya mummunan rashin aikin yi na matasa yake a Burtaniya idan aka kwatanta da Netherlands
Adadin rashin aikin yi na matasa a Burtaniya a halin yanzu ya fi na Netherlands girma sosai Netherlands na da daya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanta adadi a Turai
2 Menene babban dalilin da ya sa Netherlands ke da ƙarancin rashin aikin yi na matasa
Babban dalili shi ne tsarin iliminsu na biyu Yana haɗa koyo a aji da kuma koyan aiki na gaske da ake biya a kamfanoni Matasa suna samun cancanta da gogewar aiki a lokaci guda
3 Shin tsarin Netherlands kawai game da ƙarin koyan aiki ne
Ba daidai ba Yana game da ingantattun koyan aiki A Netherlands, koyan aiki hanya ce ta sana'a da ake mutuntawa ba zaɓi na biyu ba An tsara su tare da shigar masu daukan ma'aikata, tabbatar da cewa ƙwarewar da ake koyarwa ana buƙata sosai
4 Menene MBO kuma me yasa yake da mahimmanci
MBO yana nufin Middelbaar Beroepsonderwijs Wannan nau'in horon sana'a ne na Netherlands Yana da daraja sosai kuma yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da ayyuka Kusan kashi 40 na ɗaliban Netherlands suna zaɓar wannan hanya kuma yawancinsu suna samun aiki da sauri
5 Shin gwamnatin Netherlands tana kashe kuɗi fiye da Burtaniya akan wannan
Ee gabaɗaya Netherlands tana zuba jari sosai a ilimin sana'a da manufofin kasuwar aiki masu aiki Suna tallafawa horo, suna ba da tallafin albashi ga matasa ma'aikata, kuma suna biyan masu ba da shawara na jagorancin aiki
Tambayoyin Matsakaici da Na Gaba
6 Yaya masu daukan ma'aikata na Netherlands ke shiga cikin magance rashin aikin yi na matasa
Haɗin gwiwa ne Masu daukan ma'aikata suna taimakawa tsara tsarin koyan aiki Suna ba da jagoranci da wuraren aiki da aka tabbatar A madadin, suna samun bututun ma'aikata masu fasaha da himma da suka shirya Akwai kuma ragin haraji don ɗaukar matasa
7 Menene startkwalificatie kuma me yasa yake da mahimmanci
Startkwalificatie cancanta ce ta asali Wannan shine mafi ƙarancin matakin da ake buƙata don samun dama ta gaske a kasuwar aiki Tsarin Netherlands an tsara shi don tabbatar da kusan kowane matashi ya cimma wannan, yana hana tarkon "babu fasaha, babu aiki."
