Ina da hoton kaina a 2011, ina tura ɗana jariri a cikin wata babbar keken jarirai ja saboda yakan yi barci ne kawai yayin da ake motsi. Yayin da nake tafiya a titunan Birmingham na bayan gari, na ji ana kallo na, ana tsinkayar ni, kuma ana yin tsokaci a kaina ta hanyoyi da suka tashi daga tausayi zuwa rashin yarda zuwa wuce gona da iri na sha'awa. Na yi tunanin wauta ne cewa wannan ya kamata ya zama abin gani da ba a saba ba, amma ga shi nan. Da na ji ƙasa da kunya game da kaina idan na bi misalin David Bowie kuma—kamar yadda yake a ɗaya daga cikin hotunan da aka nuna a nan—na sa abin da ya yi kama da riga.
Game da yadda ake nuna maza da mata a tarihin fasaha, John Berger ya shahara da cewa "maza suna aiki, mata suna bayyana." An nuna maza suna nuna ƙarfinsu na jiki da shirye-shiryen aiki, suna tabbatar da ikonsu. Kawai juya wannan kallo da amfani da ruwan tabarau don ɗaukar namiji yana jin kamar tawaye ne, watakila ma ɗan raunana.
Abin mamaki ne cewa a cikin kwata na hanyar ƙarni na 21, hotunan maza suna kuka—kamar "Bafaranshen da ke kuka" a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu da hawayen Paul Gascoigne a lokacin Kofin Duniya na 1990—har yanzu suna iya zama abin ban mamaki. Judith Butler ta bayyana namiji a matsayin fatalwa, ƙagaggen labari mai ban tsoro na rashin rauni da tauri wanda ya fi ƙarfi saboda ƙarya ce irin wannan. Mun san wannan, amma tabbas dukkanmu mun taka rawa wajen tilasta shi, da sani ko a'a. Har yanzu ana gaya wa yara maza cewa bai kamata su kasance masu saurin jin rauni ba, cewa wani abu abin kunya ne.
Waɗannan hotunan shaida ne cewa namiji yana ɗauke da ma'anoni masu ƙarfi, tarihi, da tarihin gaba—kaya mai yawa. Duk yadda muka zaɓa mu bayyana kanmu, muna tsaye cikin wata alaƙa da wannan kaya, kuma hoto na iya ƙarfafa ko ƙalubalantar waɗannan alaƙoƙi.
Duk wanda ke da rabin hankali dole ya ji tausayi ga mutumin da yake jin bukatar a nuna shi cikin kayan adonsa, ko ta hanyar da ke nuna ƙwarewarsa ko ikonsa—duba hotunan Karen Knorr da ke yin ba'a ga matsayin maza masu gata a kulab ɗin maza—amma har yanzu muna kewaye da su, so ko ba so.
Duk da ban mamaki iri-iri a nan, abin sha'awa ne yadda yawancin mazan da aka nuna suna da tsoka ta al'ada, daga Eugen Sandow, uban gina jiki, zuwa Arnie zuwa Hulk Hogan. Akwai rashin nau'in jikin da kusan kashi 80% na maza ke morewa: mai kyau, ɗan dunƙule, mai gashi lokaci-lokaci. Muna iya gudu kilomita 3 kowane makonni biyu kuma mu ji daɗin kanmu sosai har mu sha kwalbar giya da kwalin cukuwar bambaro a daren guda.
Idan muka yi la'akari da kafofin watsa labarunmu, mutum zai yi tunanin mu ko dai ƴan ƙaramin jiki ne ko ƙwararrun tsoka. Tabbas, siffar namiji mai tsoka sosai tana ko'ina a fina-finai da talabijin yanzu, daga fina-finan Hollywood (inda kuke tsammani) zuwa wasan kwaikwayo na laifuka na ITV masu baƙin ciki (inda kuke fata da ƴan hannaye siriri da ciki mai siffar ƙwallon ƙafa). Ko matsakaicin matsakaici ba a wakilta shi ba; Ina jin kamar in yi murna idan mutum ɗan ɗanɗano mai laushi ya cire rigarsa.
Idan babu motsi na kyakkyawan jiki ga matsakaicin maza, wannan saboda jikin maza ba su da yuwuwar a duba su kuma a yi musu hukunci. Tabbas ba mu yin magana game da hoton jiki da yawa sai dai a cikin mahallin gidan motsa jiki. Sai a cikin shekaruna na 40 na fahimci cewa zan iya ɗan inganta kamannina ta hanyar motsa jiki (har yanzu ban gamsu sosai ba kuma ina zargin ina gajiyar da kaina ba dalili).
Akwai tsayin daka mai ƙarfi ga ɗan luwadi da na wasan kwaikwayo, ga saka riga ko sarong a hankali a matsayin namiji mai madigo, wanda ya riga ya san halayen gajiyar kuma yana tunani: "Eh, kuma menene?" Akwai kuma mummunan jin kunya ga namiji. Ina ganin manyan kafaɗun ƙagaggen Warhammer-figurine na kayan ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka da ban sha'awa sosai. Zan ji haka game da masu mulkin kama-karya a kan doki idan ba su kasance masu mulkin kama-karya ba.
Hotunan namiji na ɗan luwadi suna ba da wata hanya a nan, daga hotunan Leigh Bowery masu ban mamaki na surrealist zuwa kyawawan ƙagaggun hotunan Rotimi Fani-Kayode na maza baƙi masu luwaɗi. Da gangan ya fi ƙazanta a gefuna, jerin Exiles na Sunil Gupta yana ɗaukar al'adun ɓoye (a lokacin haram) na rayuwar maza masu luwaɗi a Indiya a shekarun 80: kallo na ɓoye, murmushi mai kunya, matsayin sigari, jin haɗari a bayyane. Masu zanga-zanga, taurarin pop da majagaba: hotuna 38 da suka canza yadda muke ganin mata (mai kyau da mara kyau). Kara karantawa. Sake dawowar halin yanzu na mafi munin nau'in namiji mai ƙarfi yana jin kamar ba za a iya jurewa ba—mulkin kama-karya na mafi munin ɓangarori na son kai na namiji, marasa daidaituwa a motsin rai kuma mugaye kai tsaye. Yana ko'ina a cikin manosphere, amma kuma a cikin gwamnati da hukumomin siyasa. Na ji an kwatanta shi da mutuwar da ba za a iya jurewa ba kafin ya ƙare. Wannan na iya zama buri kawai. Yawancin bayyanar namiji na yanzu suna jin kamar abin raini—amma watakila ba haka ba ne. Watakila ya kamata mu bayyana raininmu da ƙarfi kuma da fatan mu hanzarta raguwarsu. Kowane muhimmin hoto da ke shiga cikin tunanin gama gari yana ɗan canza gaskiyarmu—ƙarfin hoto na ƙarfafa ko lalata machismo har yanzu yana da zurfi. Luke Kennard shine marubucin Black Bag. Arnold Schwarzenegger, 1976. Daga Robert Mapplethorpe. Duba hoto a cikakken allo. Hoto: © Robert Mapplethorpe Foundation. An yi amfani da shi da izini. "Bai yi ƙoƙari ya zama mai rinjaye ba," in ji wani wakilin Gay Times game da Arnold Schwarzenegger a 1978, "amma, a maimakon haka, ya haskaka yanayi mai laushi—a'a—na rana." A cikin 1970s, Schwarzenegger ya juya gina jiki daga ƙaramin al'adu zuwa sha'awar ƙasa. Ya haɗa jikin namiji mai wuce gona da iri tare da jin cewa yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin kansa. "Yana karɓar kulawar da ba makawa daga maza masu luwaɗi a matsayin yabo," in ji Gay Times. Robert Mapplethorpe ya ɗauki wannan hoton Schwarzenegger a 1976, shekara guda kafin fitowar Pumping Iron, babban docudrama wanda ya kai ga shahararsa a Hollywood. Mapplethorpe, wanda ya shahara da hotunansa na al'adun luwaɗi da S&M, ya fi son wannan hoton musamman, yana amfani da shi don katunan wasiƙa da gayyata. "Mutum Mai Zafi Mai Ƙazanta," in ji rubutun a kan gangar jikin Schwarzenegger a wata gayyata daga 1979. "Ana gayyatar ku zuwa …" FB. Marlon Brando, 1950. Daga Warner Bros. Duba hoto a cikakken allo. Hoto: John Kobal Foundation/Getty Images. "Lokacin da Marlon Brando ya bayyana a kan mataki cikin rigar T-shirt mai yage, mai gumi," in ji Gore Vidal a 1985, "an yi girgizar ƙasa." Kafin wasan kwaikwayon Brando mai ban mamaki a A Streetcar Named Desire a 1947, manyan mazan Hollywood sun kasance "ba komai sai rigar tufafi," in ji Vidal. Brando ya sa ya zama lafiya ga namiji ya zama abin sha'awar jima'i. Yawancin wasan kwaikwayon ɗan wasan sun ƙi hangen nesa na namiji a cikin fina-finan 1930s da 1940s. Ya kasance mai motsin rai, tashin hankali da jiki. "Ban taɓa ganin wani abu mai zurfi ba," in ji mai suka Pauline Kael, tana tunawa da farkon ganinta na Brando a kan mataki a ƙarshen 1940s. FB. Oscar Wilde, 1882. Daga Napoleon Sarony. Duba hoto a cikakken allo. Hoto: Sepia Times/Universal Images Group/Getty Images. "Babban nasara a nan," in ji Oscar Wilde game da yawon shakatawa na magana na Amurka wanda aka ɗauki wannan hoton. "Babu wani abu makamancin haka tun Dickens, sun gaya mini." Ko da yake ɗan shekara 27 bai riga ya rubuta shahararrun ayyuka kamar The Importance of Being Earnest da The Picture of Dorian Gray ba, ya riga ya zama abin mamaki a cikin al'umma. Wasan kwaikwayonsa mai tsauri na nau'in namiji mai luwaɗi, mai wayo ya sa ya shahara, amma ya zo da haɗari mai girma. Daga baya an ɗaure shi saboda lalata da maza, kuma al'umma mai ladabi ta juya masa baya—watakila an riga an nuna shi ta hanyar zagi a jaridu a lokacin game da "mai kama da mace" a wannan hoton. FB. Sessue Hayakawa, 1918. Daga Fred Hartsook. Duba hoto a cikakken allo. Hoto: Alamy. Wataƙila ba za ku gane shi ba yanzu, amma Sessue Hayakawa yana ɗaya daga cikin farkon masu jan hankalin zuciyar Hollywood. An haife shi a Japan ya ƙaura zuwa Amurka a farkon balagagge kuma ya zama babban gunkin matinee tare da juyowar tauraro a matsayin jagora mai mugunta a cikin The Cheat na Cecil B. DeMille (1915). Sannan ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan kuɗi a LA. Wani mai ɗaukar hoto ya tuna Hayakawa ya isa wani bikin farko ga tarin magoya bayan mata waɗanda suka "shimfiɗa rigunan gashinsu a ƙafafunsa" don ya guje wa taka cikin wani tafki. A matsayin jagora ɗan Asiya, Hayakawa ya jimre da yawa na nuna wariyar launin fata, kuma dokokin hana auratayya tsakanin kabilu sun nuna cewa halayensa ba su taɓa samun yarinyar ba; lokacin da ƙiyayyar Japan ta tashi a cikin 1920s, tauraronsa ya dushe. Duk da haka ya more dawowar ƙarshen aikinsa, tare da rawar da aka zaɓe shi don Oscar a matsayin Colonel Saito mai mulkin kama-karya a cikin The Bridge on the River Kwai na 1957. GS
Masu Kokawa, Kordofan, Sudan, 1949
Daga George Rodger
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Hoto: George Rodger/Magnum Photos
Al'ummomin tsaunin Nuba a yankin Kordofan na Sudan sun fuskanci tashin hankali daga baƙi tsawon ƙarni, daga hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Biritaniya zuwa gwamnatin tsakiya ta Khartoum. A kan wannan yanayi, wata sananniyar al'adar gasar kokawa ta bunƙasa. Wannan hoton da wanda ya kafa Magnum George Rodger ya ɗauka, na wani ɗan kokawa da aka ɗaga a kafaɗun wani mai goyon baya, ya jawo hankalin duniya—da mara so—zuwa yankin. Tsohuwar 'yar Nazi mai ɗaukar hoto Leni Riefenstahl ta samar da ayyuka masu rikici da na waje a can. "Lokacin da suka gano abin da ke faruwa, mutane sun ji an yi amfani da su," in ji Farfesa ɗan Sudan Guma Kunda Komey. FB
Rayuwa Tare da Maƙiyi, 1987
Daga Donna Ferrato
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Hoto: Donna Ferrato
An kiyasta cewa kusan ɗaya cikin mata huɗu a duniya sun fuskanci tashin hankali na jiki ko na jima'i daga abokin tarayya namiji. Tun farkon 1980s, mai ɗaukar hoto na labarai Donna Ferrato ta sadaukar da aikinta don rubuta mummunan tasirin waɗannan alaƙoƙi. Wannan hoton daga littafin Ferrato na 1991 Living With the Enemy, wanda ya haɗa da rubutu bisa tattaunawa da waɗanda abin ya shafa da masu laifi. A cikin aikin, ta shafe lokaci a matsugunan mata da kuma hawan motocin 'yan sanda da zama a gidajen mutane. A nan, wani yaro ɗan shekara takwas, Diamond, yana ihu ga mahaifinsa yayin da ake kama shi a gidansu a Minneapolis: "Ina ƙin ka saboda ka buga mahaifiyata." "Ban taɓa ganin yaro ya tsaya tsayin daka ga mahaifinsa mai cin zarafi ba," Ferrato ta tuna daga baya. "Wannan ya ba ni mamaki. Mama ba ta kira 'yan sanda ba—yaron ne ya kira 'yan sanda. Ya riga ya nuna wa 'yan sanda inda mahaifinsa ya ɓoye screwdriver ɗin." GS
Teddy Roosevelt a kan doki, 1898
Ba a san mai ɗaukar hoto ba
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Hoto: Buyenlarge/Getty Images
"Mafi namiji shugaban ƙasa a tunanin Amurka," a cewar wani marubucin tarihin rayuwar Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt na kwanan nan. An nuna shi a nan a kan doki lokacin da yake Laftanar Kanar a wata ƙungiyar sojoji da aka sani da Rough Riders. Hotonsa na butch da aka tsara a hankali ya kasance, idan an duba shi sosai, tarin sabani. An haife shi cikin matuƙar arziki, yana son a ɗauke shi hoto cikin tufafin ma'aikata masu tsafta da ake zargi. Kuma, da yake fama da raunin jiki tun yarinta, yana jin daɗin duk wata alama ta rauni. FB
Hutu a cikin kulab ɗin maza, 1982
Daga Karen Knorr
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Hoto: Karen Knorr
Hoton Karen Knorr mai laushi, wani ɓangare na jerin hotuna 26 da ta ɗauka a kulab ɗin maza a Mayfair, London, yana nuna yadda wasu maza ke jin daɗin morewa cikin gatan gado—"hoton misali na ikon aristocratic," a cikin kalmomin Knorr. Kowane hoto yana tare da rubutu na ba'a da Knorr ta rubuta, wanda jawaban majalisa da littattafai game da daular Biritaniya suka yi masa wahayi. "Ina so in yi aiki da ke amfani da ba'a da izgili don bincika halayen da suka shahara tsakanin kafawar Ingilishi a cikin 1980s," in ji ta. FB
Putin a kan doki, 2009
Daga Alexei Druzhinin
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Hoto: RIA Novosti/Reuters
Shugaban Rasha Vladimir Putin yana da sha'awar shirya hotunan marasa riga—koyaushe yayin da yake yin wani aiki na waje na macho kamar hawan doki ko "Abu ne mai sauƙin dariya," in ji Ruth Ben-Ghiat, marubucin littafi kan siffar siyasa ta mai ƙarfi daga Mussolini (wanda shi ma yana son yin hoto mara riga) zuwa yanzu. "Amma amfani da namiji a matsayin kayan aiki na mulkin kama-karya abu ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci. Masu ƙarfi suna amfani da jikinsu don shelanta kansu masu kare al'umma, duk da haka sau da yawa suna yin kama da waɗanda abin ya shafa."
John F Kennedy tare da jariri Caroline, 1958
Daga Ed Clark
"An ƙara wani muhimmin abu ga kamfen ɗin da aka tsara da kyau kuma aka ba da kuɗi mai karimci don mai da Sanata Jack Kennedy shugaban Amurka," in ji North American Newspaper Alliance a 1957: Kennedys suna tsammanin ɗansu na farko, Caroline.
Shekara guda bayan haka, mai ɗaukar hoto na mujallar Life Ed Clark ya ziyarci gidan iyali na ma'auratan a Georgetown. Clark ya tuna daga baya cewa lokacin da ya tambaya ko zai iya ɗaukar hoton sanatan tare da jaririn, "Jackie ta ce a'a, tana barci a bene. Amma Jack ya haura matakan da sauri, ni kuma na bi."
Jackie ta ƙare ta nemi kwafi 75 na "wannan hoton mai ban mamaki" don ba da ga iyali da abokai. Kuma bayan JFK ya zama shugaban ƙasa a 1961, hoton da aka fiɗa ya rataye a Ofishin Oval. Matsayinsa na uban ƙananan yara ya zama wani muhimmin ɓangare na hotonsa na jama'a a matsayin sabon nau'in ɗan siyasa namiji: matashi, mai ƙarfi jagoran—don aron sanannen furucinsa—"sabon ƙarni na Amurkawa."
Mai bindiga tsirara, 1944
Daga Horace Bristol
Wannan shahararren hoton wani mai bindiga na jirgin sama tsirara Horace Bristol ne ya ɗauka, wanda yana cikin ƙungiyar masu ɗaukar hoto da aka ɗauka don tallata jirgin saman sojan ruwa na Amurka a lokacin yaƙin duniya na biyu. An aika jirgin don ceto wani matukin jirgin ruwa na Amurka da aka harbe yayin da yake kai hari ga sojojin Japan a Rabaul Bay a Pacific.
"Ɗaya daga cikin ma'aikatanmu ya cire tufafinsa ya tsalle cikin … Ba zai iya yin iyo sosai da takalmansa da tufafinsa ba," Bristol ya tuna daga baya. "Da zaran mun iya, mun tashi." Ko da yake ba a taɓa gane sojan ba, hotonsa ya zama alamar ƙarfin hali da jaruntakar maza a lokacin yaƙi.
Leigh Bowery, 1988
Daga Fergus Greer
"Ya kasance dandy kuma babban eccentric," in ji abokin Leigh Bowery Donald Urquart a 2004, "a cikin al'adar Curricle Coates, Bunny Roger, Barbara Cartland, Edith Sitwell, da Quentin Crisp." A matsayin mai fasahar wasan kwaikwayo da "ɗan kulab" na 1980s, tufafin Bowery da aka gina da hankali—kuma wani lokacin masu rikici—sun fashe tunanin gargajiya na yadda namiji zai iya kama da yadda zai iya yi.
A wata shahararriyar wasan kwaikwayo, ya haifi abokinsa kuma daga baya matarsa, Nicola Bateman, daga "farji", tare da igiyar cibi na tsiran alade a baya. Wani mai zanen Lucian Freud ya gan shi, wanda nan da nan ya nemi Bowery ya zauna masa.
Bowery ya mutu a 1994 yana ɗan shekara 33 daga rashin lafiya mai alaƙa da Aids. "Ina kewarsa," in ji aboki kuma mai shirya fina-finai John Maybury a bara. "Ya kasance kamar fitila mai motsi, yana rawar jiki."
Adrian Street tare da mahaifinsa ma'aikacin hakar kwal, 1974
Daga Dennis Hutchinson
Adrian Street ya sami laƙabi da yawa, ciki har da "the Exotic One", "the Sadist in Sequins" da "the queen bitch of pro wrestling". Furucinsa shine, "Ka yi tunanin abin da zan iya yi maka," ya ƙare da wani abu mai ban sha'awa, nishi, "Mmm …"
A cikin 70s, tsohon ma'aikacin hakar kwal ɗan Welsh ya shahara saboda yanayinsa na ba'a, butch, mai alaƙa da luwaɗi. Don wani bayani a cikin wata jarida ta ƙasa a 1974, ya shirya wannan hoton mai ban mamaki—wanda aka sake bugawa da yawa tsawon shekaru—a cikin tsohon raminsa tare da mahaifinsa ma'aikacin hakar kwal, wanda bai yarda da aikinsa ba.
"Wannan kamanni, ko da yake abin ban mamaki ne, da ya ce namiji ne sosai," in ji mai zane Jeremy Deller, wanda ya yi fim tare da Street kafin mutuwarsa a 2023. "Ƙalubale ne, ko ba haka ba?" Kuna ƙalubalantar wasu mutane da al'umma, don haka dole ne ku goyi bayansa." FB
Bindiga 1, New York, 1954
Daga William Klein
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Hoto: © William Klein Estate/Courtesy of HackelBury Fine Art, London
"Tashin hankali ne na ƙarya, izgili," in ji William Klein game da hotonsa na 1954. "Na tambayi yaron ya nuna bindigar gare ni kuma ya yi kama da mai tsanani. Ya yi, sannan mu biyu muka yi dariya." Klein ya ga hoton a matsayin "hoton kai biyu"; shi da kansa ya kasance cakuda "yaron titi da ke ƙoƙarin yin kama da mai tsanani, da ɗan ƙaramin yaro mai kunya mai kyau a hannun dama." Klein ya gan shi a matsayin wasa, amma fuskar yaron da ta murɗe tana riƙe da ƙarfin barazana. FB
Bafaranshen da ke kuka, 1940
Daga Marcel de Renzis
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Hoto: Historical/Corbis/Getty Images
Wannan hoton—a zahiri hoton fim ne na labarai—an fara buga shi a mujallar Life a 1941 don kwatanta faɗuwar Faransa bayan mamayewar Nazi. Yayin da Jamusawa suka ci gaba, gwamnatin Faransa ta yanke shawarar aika tutocin runduna na tarihi na sojojinta zuwa aminci a Afirka. Kafin a saka su cikin jiragen ruwa daga Marseille, an gudanar da fareti a titunan garin. A nan ne mai ɗaukar hoto Marcel de Renzis ya ɗauki hoton wani ɗan ƙasar Faransa mai suna Jerôme Barzetti yana kuka yayin da suke wucewa.
Ana yawan ambaton hoton a matsayin misali mai wuya na hawayen jama'a daga namiji, yayin da haramcin bayyana motsin rai na maza ya yi laushi a shekarun baya-bayan nan. Wani bincike na 2016 ya gano cewa maza na zamani suna kuka a bainar jama'a fiye da sau biyu fiye da iyayensu. Kuka na Barzetti, duk da haka, ya dace da dogon tarihin kuka na yaƙi, wanda ke da tushe a cikin waƙoƙin Homeric. A cewar wani ƙididdiga, an nuna maza suna kuka a cikin Odyssey fiye da sau 30. FB
Eugen Sandow, mai gina jiki, 1895
Ba a san mai ɗaukar hoto ba
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Hoto: Hulton Archive/Getty Images
"Mafi kyawun samfurin mutum da na taɓa gani" shine yadda wani farfesa na Harvard ya kwatanta Eugen Sandow lokacin da ya ɗauki ma'auninsa a cikin 1890s. A lokacin, ɗan wasan da aka haifa a Prussia ya kasance tauraron motsa jiki na duniya. A yau, ana tunawa da shi a matsayin uban gina jiki na zamani, bayan da ya shirya babbar gasar "physique" ta farko a duniya a London a 1901. "Shi ne Arnold Schwarzenegger kafin Arnold Schwarzenegger," in ji masanin tarihin wasanni Conor Heffernan.
Kamar yadda Heffernan ya bayyana, "jikin Sandow mai siriri da tsoka"—wanda har yanzu ake burin samu—a baya an fi danganta shi da manoma da ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa fiye da cikakken mutum. Hotuna irin wannan sun taimaka wajen ƙarfafa abin da masu gina jiki na zamani ke kira "Grecian ideal": nau'in jiki bisa ga gumakan duniya ta dā. (Ko da yake kamanni na iya yaudara, kamar yadda Heffernan ya nuna: dumbbell ɗin da Sandow ke ɗagawa tabbas babu komai a ciki.) GS
Mutumin da Ba a Ganu Ba, 1952
Daga Gordon Parks
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Hoto: Gordon Parks/The Gordon Parks Foundation
A cikin littafin Ralph Ellison Invisible Man, mai ba da labari mara suna, wani Ba'amurke ɗan Afirka, ya ɓoye a cikin wani ɗaki a New York, wanda ya haskaka da kwararan fitila 1,369. "Kafin wannan na rayu cikin duhun da aka kore ni zuwa ciki, amma yanzu ina gani. Na haskaka baƙar fata na rashin ganina—da akasin haka," in ji shi, kafin ya ba da labarin rayuwar da, har zuwa lokacin, an bayyana ta da ra'ayoyin da aka jefa mata saboda launin fata da jinsi.
Gordon Parks ya haɗa kai da Ellison a kan A Man Becomes Invisible, wani rubutun hoto da aka buga a mujallar Life don tallata littafin. Hotunan masu ban mamaki sun sake ƙirƙirar muhimman al'amuran labarin; wannan yana nuna sashe na ƙarshe, wanda jarumin (wanda John Bates, abokin wasan kwaikwayo na Ellison, ya taka) ya fito daga mafakarsa ta ƙasa ta wani rami—maido da matsayinsa a cikin al'umma. GS
The Cock (sumba), 2002
Daga Wolfgang Tillmans
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Hoto: Wolfgang Tillmans, courtesy Maureen Paley, London, Galerie Buchholz, Berlin, David Zwirner, New York
"Kuna iya nuna maza biyu suna kashe juna da ƙarfe uku na yamma a kowace ƙasa a duniya a talabijin na jama'a," in ji mai ɗaukar hoto Wolfgang Tillmans a wata hira a 2022. "Amma ba za ku iya nuna maza biyu suna sumbatar juna ba." Ghetto wuri ne na al'ada a London a cikin 2000s; a wani daren kulab a can da ake kira The Cock, Tillmans ya ɗauki lokaci mai taushi, mai sha'awa tsakanin maza biyu. Lokacin da aka nuna hoton a Washington DC a 2007, wani baƙo ya mayar da martani ta hanyar yanke shi da maɓalli. Tun daga lokacin ya zama alamar haɗin kai da tsayin daka: bayan harbi a kulab ɗin luwaɗi na Orlando Pulse a 2016, da yawa sun buga hoton Tillmans a matsayin aikin zanga-zanga na ƙin yarda. FB
David Bowie yana tura keken jarirai, 1971
Ba a san mai ɗaukar hoto ba
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Hoto: Trinity Mirror/Mirrorpix/Alamy
A cikin wannan hoton, an ɗauki David Bowie yana tura keken jarirai tare da jaririnsa, Zowie, tare da matarsa ta lokacin Angie. Laura King, masanin tarihin Biritaniya ta zamani, ta bayyana muhimmancinsa: "A cikin shekarun bayan yaƙin duniya na biyu, an sami motsi na gaske zuwa ga abin da nake kira namiji mai mayar da hankali ga iyali. Maza sau da yawa ba sa yin wani abu kamar abin da mata ke yi wajen kula da yara, amma uba yana da alaƙa sosai da namiji." Tura keken jarirai ya zama hanyar nuna ainihinka a matsayin namiji mai shiga cikin i
