A ɓoye a cikin karkarar Scotland a gefen Kirkcaldy, Cluny bond ainihin ƙaramin gari ne da aka gina don adana wuski. Lokacin da aka kammala sabbin ɗakunan ajiya a tsohuwar ma'adanar kwal da aka buɗe, wurin da Diageo ke da kadada 220 (ekan 544) na balaga zai iya ɗaukar kusan ganga miliyan 3 na Scotch. Ƙungiyar shaye-shaye ta ƙasa da ƙasa tana buƙatar wurin.
Bayan haɓaka na shekaru 15 da cutar Covid-19 ta ƙarfafa, buƙatar Scotch whisky ta faɗi a duk duniya. Masana'antun distilleries a duk Scotland sun dakatar da samarwa don guje wa ƙara wa yawan wadatar da ake kira "whisky loch" - kwatankwacin "wine lake".
A makon da ya gabata, GlenWyvis Distillery mallakar al'umma a Highlands ta sanar da cewa za ta naɗa masu gudanarwa bayan matsin kuɗi mai ɗorewa a kasuwar whisky. A ranar Litinin, ma'aikata a Cameronbridge, babbar masana'antar Diageo, ɗan ɗan tuƙi daga Cluny bond, sun fara yajin aiki kan shirye-shiryen kamfanin na rage ɗaruruwan ayyuka a ayyukansa na Scotland.
Diageo tana samar da kusan ɗaya cikin kwalba uku na Scotch a duniya, ciki har da shahararrun samfura kamar Johnnie Walker. An yi jita-jita cewa da yawa daga cikin 156 masana'antun distilleries masu aiki na Scotland ana son sayar da su.
"Abin mamaki, Scotch ta sami lokaci mai kyau sosai tun rikicin kuɗi na 2008," in ji ɗan kasuwa mai suna Nick Morgan. "Amma mutane sun daina saya a kan ƙimar hauka da suka kasance suna saya.
"Mutanen da suka sayi whisky a lokacin cutar saboda ba su da wani abin yi sun gane cewa wataƙila suna da isasshen a gida na shekaru biyu ko uku. An ƙara wayar da kan matsalolin lafiya, da yawa suna zaɓar shan ƙasa, kuma barasa ta yi tsada sosai a lokacin shekarun da suka yi kyau ga kasuwancin."
Sauye-sauyen da ke faruwa a kasuwar fitar da Scotch whisky ta £5.36bn ya kasance da wahala musamman a iya tafiyar da ita. A bisa doka, dole ne a bar abin sha ya balaga na akalla shekaru uku a cikin akwati na itacen oak a Scotland, tare da manyan Scotch na musamman da ake ajiye a cikin ganga har zuwa shekaru 40. Irin waɗannan dogayen lokutan balaga, da ake amfani da su don ƙirƙirar nau'ikan ɗanɗano da yawa daga zaƙi zuwa sulfur, na iya sa samarwa ya zama da wahala a tsara.
Duk da shawarar Donald Trump na cire haraji kan fitar da Scotch zuwa Amurka bayan ziyarar da Sarki da Sarauniya suka kai Fadar White House a farkon wannan shekara, masana'antar ta riga ta sha wahala sosai. Harajin "ranar 'yanci" na shugaban Amurka a watan Afrilu 2025 ya haifar da faɗuwar kashi 15% a fitar da Scotch zuwa Amurka, a cewar Ƙungiyar Scotch Whisky.
Buƙata a Faransa - wadda har kwanan nan ita ce babbar kasuwa ta yawan adadi - ta faɗi, yayin da kasuwar China ba ta taɓa tashi sosai kamar yadda ake fata ba. Masu kyakkyawan fata suna nuni ga alamun farko na farfadowa mai yiwuwa, duk da haka, yayin da masana'antar ta koma haɓaka a rabin farkon wannan shekara. Fitarwa zuwa Indiya musamman ta ƙaru - amma ba ta riga ta daidaita faɗuwar da ke wasu wurare ba.
Jadawalin layi yana nuna tallace-tallacen Scotch na ƙaruwa a Indiya da faɗuwa a Faransa, Amurka da sauran Birtaniya a wajen Scotland. Brazil ma tana nuna ɗan ƙaramin haɓaka, amma bayan babban faɗuwa.
Faɗuwar ba ta iyakance ga Scotch ba. Yawancin masana'antun abin sha suna fuskantar faɗuwa bayan cutar, inda biyar daga cikin manyan masana'antun barasa da aka jera a bainar jama'a ke da tarin ruhohi masu tsufa na dala biliyan 22, a cewar Financial Times.
Holyrood Distillery, a cikin inuwar Arthur's Seat a Edinburgh, tana cikin waɗanda suka dakatar da samarwa yayin da masu mallakarta ke jira lokacin wahala ya wuce. Ƙwayoyinta na tagulla masu kumburi, waɗanda yawanci za su kasance suna aiki tuƙuru wajen samar da single-malt Scotch, suna zaune babu komai. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa, Rob Carpenter, ya ce bai san lokacin da hakan zai canza ba.
"A bisa labarin da na ji, fahimtata ita ce masana'antar na iya samar da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na matakinta na yau da kullum a yanzu," in ji shi. "Babu wanda yake da ƙwallon sihiri, don haka babu wanda ya san abin da zai faru shekaru 10 daga yanzu. Kuna ƙoƙarin hango abin da zai faru. La'anar masana'antar ce a wata hanya - sanin inda abubuwa za su kai."
Tsallake tallan wasiƙar labarai
Yi rajista don wasiƙarmu ta kyauta
Kowace ranar aiki
Shirya don ranar aiki - za mu nuna muku duk labaran kasuwanci da bincike da kuke buƙata kowace safiya
Shigar da imel ɗin ku
Yi rajista
Bayan tallan wasiƙar labarai
Ba kamar yawancin abokan hamayyarta ba, Holyrood Distillery tana amfana daga masu yawon buɗe ido da ke ziyartar babban birnin Scotland. Kusan mutane 40,000 a shekara suna ziyartar ginin dutse, wanda ya kusan shekaru 200 da haihuwa kuma ya taɓa tallafa wa hanyar jirgin ƙasa Innocent. Yawon buɗe ido ya ƙunshi kusan rabin kuɗin shiga na kamfanin a yanzu.
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Rob Carpenter, wanda ya haɗa Holyrood Distillery. Hoto: Holyrood Distillery
"Ba wai da gaske mutane sun daina shan ruhohi ba," in ji Carpenter. "Amma masu amfani suna cikin fargaba. Dukanmu muna ganin abin da ke faruwa a duniya. Babu tabbaci mai yawa a yanzu, kuma mutane suna kawai yin hankali game da abin da suke kashe kuɗinsu a kai. Wannan ruhu ne na alfarma."
Faɗuwar masana'antar a yanzu ba sabon abu ba ne. A shekarun 1980, masana'antar Scotch whisky ta fuskanci irin wannan haɗuwar raunin buƙata da yawan wadatar da ba a iya magancewa, wanda ya haifar da ɗimbin rufe masana'antun distilleries a duk Scotland. Haɓakar masana'antun whisky na Japan, faɗuwar tattalin arzikin duniya, da wuce gona da iri daga haɓakar shekarun 1970 sun haifar da faɗuwa mai tsawo.
A yau, kaɗan ne suka yi imani cewa faɗuwar ta baya-bayan nan tana nuna canji na dindindin a arzikin masana'antar. Lokacin da Holyrood Distillery ta buɗe don yawon buɗe ido, baƙi suna shiga, suna duba single malts a kan shelves.
"Whisky wasa ne na jira," in ji Morgan, wanda ya rubuta tarihin shekaru 200 na Johnnie Walker a cikin littafi na 2020. "Idan ka duba bayanan tallace-tallace, duk lokacin da aka sami ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan faɗuwar, tana dawowa da ƙarfi. A yanzu, kasuwancin yana cikin rami. Zan iya tabbatar maka kusan cewa cikin shekaru biyar, lokacin da buƙata ta sake tashi sosai, za su gane cewa ba su da isasshen whisky, kuma za su tilasta kunna komai."
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Ga jerin tambayoyin da ake yawan yi dangane da labarin cewa masana'antun Scotch distilleries suna dakatar da samarwa saboda yawan wuskin da ba a sayar ba
Abubuwan Asali
Menene whisky loch
Laƙabi ne ga ɗimbin Scotch whisky da ba a sayar ba a halin yanzu da ke cikin ɗakunan ajiya Kamar tafki, wadatar ta yi girma da yawa kuma ba ta da inda za ta je
Me ya sa distilleries ke dakatar da samarwa
Suna dakatarwa ne saboda suna da whisky da yawa tuni Idan suka ci gaba da yin ƙari za su rasa wurin ajiya kuma farashin zai faɗi saboda wadata ta fi buƙata
Akwai ƙarancin Scotch whisky
A'a akasin haka Akwai yawan wadata Akwai whisky da yawa fiye da yadda mutane ke saya a yanzu
Waɗanne distilleries ne abin ya shafa
Wannan yana shafar dukan masana'antar amma musamman ƙananan ko masu zaman kansu Manyan sunaye kamar Diageo da Chivas Brothers sun tilasta jinkiri ko dakatar da samarwa a wurare da dama
Abubuwan da suka haifar
Me ya sa suka yi whisky da yawa tun farko
Shekaru kaɗan da suka wuce Scotch whisky ta shahara sosai Tallace-tallace na bunƙasa musamman a Amurka da Asiya Distilleries sun ƙara samarwa don biyan wannan buƙatar da ake tsammani amma buƙatar ba ta girma da sauri kamar yadda suka zata ba
Mutane sun daina shan Scotch
Ba gaba ɗaya ba amma haɓakar ta ragu Babban matsalolin sune
1 Faɗuwar tattalin arziki Mutane ba su da kuɗi da yawa da za su kashe kan kayan alfarma
2 Canjin ɗanɗano Matasa masu shan giya suna bincika wasu ruhohi kamar tequila gin da zaɓuɓɓukan da ba su da barasa
3 Matsalolin kasuwanci Haraji mai yawa a Amurka ya sa Scotch ya fi tsada saya
Me ya sa ba za su sayar da shi da arha ba
Scotch whisky samfuri ne na alfarma Idan distilleries sun rage farashi suna lalata sunan brands kuma yana sa wahala a ƙara farashi daga baya Haka kuma yawancin distilleries suna da kwangila da dillalai da ke hana faɗuwar farashi kwatsam
Tambayoyin Fasaha da Masana'anta
Me ke faruwa da whisky da aka riga aka yi
Yana zama a cikin ganga kuma yana ci gaba da tsufa Ba kamar madara ba whisky ba ya lalace A gaskiya sau da yawa yana inganta da tsufa Matsalar ita ce adana shi yana kashe kuɗi
